75 research outputs found
Intramolecular excimer formation and sensing behavior of new fluorimetric probes and their interactions with metal cations and barbituric acids
A new family of compounds able to promote host-guest interactions with specific molecules (e.g., cyanuric and parabanic acids) and to coordinate metal ions, namely Zn(II) and Cu(II), has been synthesized and fully characterized. The new probes derive from the attachment of two methylaminopyrene units to the carbonyl precursor 2,6-bis(2-formylphenoxymethyl)pyridine.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6THH-4HF5KD3-1/1/ef66847d1e019d05e2068bef93cfbd9
Mobility of Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in a loamy sand soil : a comparative study
Interest in soil contamination has been growing in recent years due to the ongoing degradation of soil environments. Therefore, the development of remediation techniques and the study of contaminant sorption and migration are areas of intense research.
In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the scenario of co-contamination of a loamy sand soil by multiple heavy metals. To that end, the sorption and transport of five metalsâCr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Znâwas evaluated using representative samples of a soil from the north of Portugal. The tests were conducted in batch and continuous systems using single- and multiple-metal acid solutions to evaluate the effect of metal competition. In accordance with the type of assayâbatch or continuousâLangmuir or Convection Dispersion Two-Site Nonequilibrium models were adjusted to explain the sorption/transport data. FTIR analyses were performed on the final samples of the continuous systems.
Generally, the results revealed good fitting of the tested models for the metals in competitive and noncompetitive scenarios, with the exception of Zn that was originally present in soil samples at higher concentrations. As expected, the influence of competition was observed in both batch and continuous systems, but with different tendencies. The FTIR spectra also revealed a strong influence of clay minerals and organic matter on the sorption of the metals.The PhD grants of Bruna Fonseca and Hugo Figueiredo and the research grant of Joana Rodrigues were financially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal and Fundo Social Europeu (FSE)
The JWST FRESCO Survey:Legacy NIRCam/Grism Spectroscopy and Imaging in the two GOODS Fields
We present the JWST cycle 1 53.8 h medium program FRESCO, short for 'First Reionization Epoch Spectroscopically Complete Observations'. FRESCO covers 62 arcmin2 in each of the two GOODS/CANDELS fields for a total area of 124 arcmin2 exploiting JWST's powerful new grism spectroscopic capabilities at near-infrared wavelengths. By obtaining âŒ2 h deep NIRCam/grism observations with the F444W filter, FRESCO yields unprecedented spectra at R âŒ1600 covering 3.8-5.0 ÎŒm for most galaxies in the NIRCam field of view. This setup enables emission line measurements over most of cosmic history, from strong PAH lines at z âŒ0.2-0.5, to Pa α and Pa ÎČ at z âŒ1-3, He i and [S iii] at z âŒ2.5-4.5, H α and [N ii] at z âŒ5-6.5, up to [O iii] and H ÎČ for z âŒ7-9 galaxies. FRESCO's grism observations provide total line fluxes for accurately estimating galaxy stellar masses and calibrating slit-loss corrections of NIRSpec/MSA spectra in the same field. Additionally, FRESCO results in a mosaic of F182M, F210M, and F444W imaging in the same fields to a depth of âŒ28.2 mag (5Ï in 032 diameter apertures). Here, we describe the overall survey design and the key science goals that can be addressed with FRESCO. We also highlight several, early science results, including: spectroscopic redshifts of Lyman break galaxies that were identified almost 20 yr ago, the discovery of broad-line active galactic nuclei at z > 4, and resolved Pa α maps of galaxies at z âŒ1.4. These results demonstrate the enormous power for serendipitous discovery of NIRCam/grism observations.</p
The JWST FRESCO Survey: Legacy NIRCam/Grism Spectroscopy and Imaging in the two GOODS Fields
We present the JWST Cycle 1 53.8hr medium program FRESCO, short for "First
Reionization Epoch Spectroscopically Complete Observations". FRESCO covers 62
arcmin in each of the two GOODS/CANDELS fields for a total area of 124
arcmin exploiting JWST's powerful new grism spectroscopic capabilities at
near-infrared wavelengths. By obtaining ~2 hr deep NIRCam/grism observations
with the F444W filter, FRESCO yields unprecedented spectra at R~1600 covering
3.8 to 5.0 m for most galaxies in the NIRCam field-of-view. This setup
enables emission line measurements over most of cosmic history, from strong PAH
lines at z~0.2-0.5, to Pa and Pa at z~1-3, HeI and [SIII] at
z~2.5-4.5, H and [NII] at z~5-6.5, up to [OIII] and H for z~7-9
galaxies, and possibly even [OII] at z~10-12. FRESCO's grism observations
provide total line fluxes for accurately estimating galaxy stellar masses and
calibrating slit-loss corrections of NIRSpec/MSA spectra in the same field.
Additionally, FRESCO results in a mosaic of F182M, F210M, and F444W imaging in
the same fields to a depth of ~28.2 mag (5 in 0.32" diameter
apertures). Together with this publication, the v1 imaging mosaics are released
as high-level science products via MAST. Here, we describe the overall survey
design and the key science goals that can be addressed with FRESCO. We also
highlight several, early science results, including: spectroscopic redshifts of
Lyman break galaxies that were identified almost 20 years ago, the discovery of
broad-line active galactic nuclei at z>4, and resolved Pa maps of
galaxies at z~1.4. These results demonstrate the enormous power for
serendipitous discovery of NIRCam/grism observations. Given the wealth of
ancillary data available in these fields, the zero-proprietary time FRESCO data
is poised to enable a large amount of legacy science by the community.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures; submitted to MNRAS; for more information on the
survey and data releases, see http://jwst-fresco.astro.unige.ch
Neuron-glial Interactions
Although lagging behind classical computational neuroscience, theoretical and computational approaches are beginning to emerge to characterize different aspects of neuron-glial interactions. This chapter aims to provide essential knowledge on neuron-glial interactions in the mammalian brain, leveraging on computational studies that focus on structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of such interactions in the healthy brain. Although our understanding of the need of neuron-glial interactions in the brain is still at its infancy, being mostly based on predictions that await for experimental validation, simple general modeling arguments borrowed from control theory are introduced to support the importance of including such interactions in traditional neuron-based modeling paradigms.Junior Leader Fellowship Program by âla Caixaâ Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/LI18/11630006
Nanostructural Diversity of Synapses in the Mammalian Spinal Cord
This work for funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC; BB/M021793/1), RS MacDonald Charitable Trust, Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Association UK (Miles/Apr18/863-791), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC; EP/P030017/1), Welcome Trust (202932/Z/16/Z), European Research Council (ERC; 695568) and the Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain.Functionally distinct synapses exhibit diverse and complex organisation at molecular and nanoscale levels. Synaptic diversity may be dependent on developmental stage, anatomical locus and the neural circuit within which synapses reside. Furthermore, astrocytes, which align with pre and post-synaptic structures to form âtripartite synapsesâ, can modulate neural circuits and impact on synaptic organisation. In this study, we aimed to determine which factors impact the diversity of excitatory synapses throughout the lumbar spinal cord. We used PSD95-eGFP mice, to visualise excitatory postsynaptic densities (PSDs) using high-resolution and super-resolution microscopy. We reveal a detailed and quantitative map of the features of excitatory synapses in the lumbar spinal cord, detailing synaptic diversity that is dependent on developmental stage, anatomical region and whether associated with VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 terminals. We report that PSDs are nanostructurally distinct between spinal laminae and across age groups. PSDs receiving VGLUT1 inputs also show enhanced nanostructural complexity compared with those receiving VGLUT2 inputs, suggesting pathway-specific diversity. Finally, we show that PSDs exhibit greater nanostructural complexity when part of tripartite synapses, and we provide evidence that astrocytic activation enhances PSD95 expression. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the regulation and diversification of synapses across functionally distinct spinal regions and advance our general understanding of the ârulesâ governing synaptic nanostructural organisation.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Neuron-Glial Interactions
Although lagging behind classical computational neuroscience, theoretical and
computational approaches are beginning to emerge to characterize different
aspects of neuron-glial interactions. This chapter aims to provide essential
knowledge on neuron-glial interactions in the mammalian brain, leveraging on
computational studies that focus on structure (anatomy) and function
(physiology) of such interactions in the healthy brain. Although our
understanding of the need of neuron-glial interactions in the brain is still at
its infancy, being mostly based on predictions that await for experimental
validation, simple general modeling arguments borrowed from control theory are
introduced to support the importance of including such interactions in
traditional neuron-based modeling paradigms.Comment: 43 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in the
"Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience," D. Jaeger and R. Jung eds.,
Springer-Verlag New York, 2020 (2nd edition
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