Efficient Maternal to Neonate Transfer of Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination with BNT162b2:A Case-Report and Discussion of the Literature

This case reports on the successful maternal to fetal transfer of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with BNT162b2 in a pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation. The levels of neutralizing antibodies were approximately 5-fold higher in the umbilical cord than in the maternal blood while the level of total antibodies showed only a 2-fold increase. This suggest that the antibodies that crossed the syncytiotrophoblast cell barrier have specific characteristics that correlate to functional neutralizing capacity. Although pregnant and lactating women have been excluded from clinical trials for several reasons including ethical concerns about fetal exposure, accumulating evidence has now revealed that these vaccines are safe and efficient for both the fetus and the woman. Vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnancy is vital to control disease burden and to decrease morbidity in the ante-, peri- and post-natal periods. Inclusion of pregnant women in research programs for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should be mandatory to provide this population with the equitable benefits of vaccine research

Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae

Abstract: The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host–plant associations, uncovering the widespread co‐option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Détermination de la concentration alvéolaire minimale d apparition des signes épileptoïdes sévères sous sévoflurane en anesthésie pédiatrique

L utilisation du sévoflurane (S) à hautes concentrations peut s associer à la survenue de signes EEG de type épileptiforme (SE). L objectif principal de cette étude est de déterminer la concentration alvéolaire minimale (CAM) de S pour laquelle apparaissent des SE sévères (SES) chez l enfant de 3 à 11 ans, en conditions stationnaires en 100% de FiO2 (CAMSES O2). Les objectifs secondaires sont d évaluer les effets de l adjonction de 50% de N2O (CAMSES N2O) et d alfentanil (CAMSES ALFENTA) sur la CAMSES O2. 78 enfants prémédiqués à l hydroxyzine ont été inclus. Les CAMSES ont été déterminées par la méthode de Dixon avec comme concentration de S de départ 2.5 % pour la CAMSES 02, et cette CAMSES 02 pour les déterminations des CAMSES N2O et CAMSES ALFENTA. Les tracés EEG étaient lus en aveugle. Les SES ont été définis par la présence de décharges de polypointes rythmiques pendant les 10 min de plateau où la Fe de S était maintenue stable à un niveau déterminé par le résultat du patient précédent : + 0,2% si SES absents, - 0,2 % si SES présents. Trois séries ont été réalisées : CAMSES 02 (n=32), avec plateau en 100% d O2 après intubation ; CAMSES N2O (n=22), avec plateau en 50%O2-50%N2O après intubation ; CAMSES ALFENTA (n=24), avec bolus d alfentanil précédant l intubation, puis plateau en 100% d O2. La CAMSES 02 était de 4,3 0,1% de S, la CAMSES N2O et la CAMSES ALFENTA de S étaient significativement plus élevées, respectivement 4,6 0,2% (p<0.01) et 4,5 0,2% (p<0.01). Dans cette étude, la CAM de S associée à la survenue des SES en 100% d O2, correspond à 1.75 CAM chirurgicale ; nos résultats mettent en évidence un effet protecteur modéré de l alfentanil et du N2O.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

TOWARDS A BETTER PREDICTION OF AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS IN AN IMMERSED BOUNDARY CONTEXT

International audienceThis paper presents an improved immersed boundary method (IBM) with new wall model-ing assumptions for the simulation of compressible flows on Cartesian grids. This methodrelies on an adaptive positioning of both target and image points, in accordance with theReynolds number. It primarily ensures that the mesh is fine enough at the first computedcells to correctly capture the strong variations of the tangential velocity in the wall nor-mal direction, and ultimately prevents the appearance of spurious oscillations at the wall.In the present work, we take into consideration normal pressure gradient information,interpolated at a new set of image points positioned farther away from the geometry, inorder to extend the validity domain of our wall modeling. This significantly improvesthe prediction of the skin friction and the skin pressure coefficients, and also results in abetter estimation of both the drag and lift coefficients through the near-field integrationof all aerodynamic forces at the wall. The latest developments essentially consist in asecond-order extraction of the pressure at the wall during the post-processing step and amodification of Musker’s algebraic wall function to reconstruct the velocities and frictionat the target points at each iteration of the flow solver. This new methodology has beenvalidated through the study of subsonic flow simulations around a NACA0012 profile anda 3.5:1 prolate spheroid, where good agreements between the wall-modeled IBM solutionsand the body fitted wall-resolved references have been observed

An improved Immersed Boundary Method for turbulent flow simulations on Cartesian grids

Dans ce papier, nous présentons les améliorations récentes relatives à une méthode de frontières immergées (IBM) pour la simulation des écoulements turbulents compressibles sur maillages cartésiens. La méthode proposée permet de supprimer les oscillations parasites apparaissant sur les coefficients de pression et de frottement à la paroi. Les résultats sont comparés à une méthode de maillages conformes aux obstacles, où la couche limite est résolue par le maillage ou modélisée par un modèle de paroi, permettant de justifier que l'approche IBM sur maillages en escaliers permet d'obtenir une solution régulière comparable à la solution sur maillage curviligne. La méthode de frontières immergées a été modifiée pour adapter au nombre de Reynolds du cas d'écoulement la localisation des points de forçage ou de référence et des points corrigés ou points cibles utilisés dans la reconstruction IBM. Cette méthode a été validée sur des simulations d'écoulements en régime subsonique et transsonique, respectivement autour d'un profil NACA0012 et d'un profil RAE2822. Enfin une simulation de l'écoulement transsonique autour de l'aile ONERA M6 est effectuée pour valider l'approche sur un cas tridimensionnel.In this paper, we present recent improvements of an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) for the simulation of turbulent compressible flows on Cartesian grids. The proposed approach enables to remove spurious oscillations at the wall on skin pressure and friction coefficients. Results are compared to a body-fitted approach using the same wall function, showing that the stair-step immersed boundary provides a smooth solution compared to the body-fitted one. The immersed boundary method has been modified to adapt the location of forced and forcing points involved in the immersed boundary reconstruction to the Reynolds number. This method has been validated either for subsonic and transonic flow regimes, through the simulation of the subsonic turbulent flow around a NACA0012 profile and the transonic flow around a RAE2822 profile and the three-dimensional ONERA M6 wing

Named Entity Recognition for German Using Conditional Random Fields and Linguistic Resources

International audienceThis paper presents a Named Entity Recognition system for German based on Conditional Random Fields. The model also includes language-independent features and features computed form large coverage lexical resources. Along side the results themselves, we show that by adding linguistic resources to a probabilistic model, the results improve significantly

Named Entity Recognition for German Using Conditional Random Fields and Linguistic Resources

International audienceThis paper presents a Named Entity Recognition system for German based on Conditional Random Fields. The model also includes language-independent features and features computed form large coverage lexical resources. Along side the results themselves, we show that by adding linguistic resources to a probabilistic model, the results improve significantly

Directly modulated laser diode in the non linear regime for low-cost digital frequency up-conversion

International audienc

Test de mini-résonateurs optiques pour le filtrage et la stabilisation de sources hyperfréquences

oral [2C3]National audienc

Drug-Free Nasal Spray as a Barrier against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Delta Variant: In Vitro Study of Safety and Efficacy in Human Nasal Airway Epithelia

The nasal epithelium is a key portal for infection by respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and represents an important target for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we test the safety and efficacy of a newly developed nasal spray (AM-301, marketed as Bentrio) against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant on an in vitro 3D-model of the primary human nasal airway epithelium. Safety was assessed in assays for tight junction integrity, cytotoxicity and cilia beating frequency. Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated in pre-viral load and post-viral load application on airway epithelium. No toxic effects of AM-301 on the nasal epithelium were found. Prophylactic treatment with AM-301 significantly reduced viral titer vs. controls over 4 days, reaching a maximum reduction of 99% in case of infection from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant and more than 83% in case of the Delta variant. When AM-301 administration was started 24 h after infection, viral titer was reduced by about 12-folds and 3-folds on Day 4. The results suggest that AM-301 is safe and significantly decelerates SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture inhibition assays of prophylaxis (pre-viral load application) and mitigation (post-viral load application). Its physical (non-pharmaceutical) mechanism of action, safety and efficacy warrant additional investigations both in vitro and in vivo for safety and efficacy against a broad spectrum of airborne viruses and allergens