Galileo, a data platform for viewing news on social networks

This article aims to introduce Galileo, a platform for extracting and organizing news media data on social networks. Galileo integrates publications made on the main social networks used in the information ecosystem, namely Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Currently, the system includes 97 media outlets from nine countries: Brazil, Chile, Germany, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. Galileo uses a Twitter API and the service CrowdTangle to download Facebook and Instagram posts. This data is stored in a local database and can be accessed through a user-friendly interface, which allows for the analysis of different characteristics of the posts, such as their text, source popularity, and temporal dimension. Galileo is a tool for researchers interested in understanding news cycles and analyzing news content on social networks.

Aplicación de la genética e innovaciones biotecnológicas en el aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos del mar

Las Ciencias del Mar tienen como objetivo central poder entender los procesos físicos y biológicos que ocurren en este ambiente. La información obtenida es el insumo básico para el diagnóstico, planificación y uso sostenible de los recursos del mar para el beneficio humano, en el presente y el futuro. Para efectos prácticos, los organismos vivos son genotipos que se expresan en un determinado ambiente, y si bien desde la primera mitad del siglo pasado conocemos los mecanismos básicos de la transmisión hereditaria, no es sino hasta la segunda mitad del siglo pasado que ha sido posible acceder directamente al genoma de los organismos

Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the Inga and Camëntsá Communities in Putumayo, Colombia

The Camëntsá and Inga indigenous communities still rely on agroforestry systems for their livelihood attainment, although globalization effects have also reached their settlements. Agroforestry systems, especially home gardens, are experiencing reduced size and species diversity and therefore gradually disappearing. This research aims to determine the indigenous family labor contribution to agroforestry systems as a strategy to secure their livelihoods. The methods include a census, household survey, interviews with key informants, and direct observation. Family labor contributes to reducing production costs in agroforestry systems. Three groups of households were identified from the cluster analysis to determine the family labor contribution: smaller, medium-sized, and larger farms. The smaller farms register better economic indicators compared to the other two groups. In addition, they show a positive cost–benefit ratio and profitability, which is explained by lower production costs compared to the gross income generated. Although larger farms have higher gross revenues, these households also assume higher production costs and incur higher input costs. Medium-sized farms face the worst scenario. There is a relationship between the use of family labor and the achievement of livelihoods related to economic indicators and biodiversity and the variety of species harvested on farms and used for self-consumption. Family labor helps to ensure local food security and generate income.Peer Reviewe

Reproduction Immunity Trade-Off in a Mollusk: Hemocyte Energy Metabolism Underlies Cellular and Molecular Immune Responses

Immune responses, as well as reproduction, are energy-hungry processes, particularly in broadcast spawners such as scallops. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential reproduction-immunity trade-off in Argopecten purpuratus, a species with great economic importance for Chile and Peru. Hemocytes, key immunological cells in mollusks, were the center of this study, where we addressed for the first time the relation between reproductive stage, hemocyte metabolic energetics and their capacity to support immune responses at cellular and molecular levels. Hemocyte metabolic capacity was assessed by their respiration rates, mitochondrial membrane potential and citrate synthase (CS) activity. Cellular immune parameters such as the number of circulating and tissue-infiltrating hemocytes and their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity were considered. Molecular immune responses were examined through the transcriptional levels of two pattern recognition receptors (ApCLec and ApTLR) and two anti-microbial effectors (ferritin and big defensin). Their expressions were measured in hemocytes from immature, matured and spawned scallops under basal, and one of the following challenges: (i) in vitro, where hemocytes were challenged with the β glucan zymosan, to determine the immune potentiality under standardized conditions; or (ii) in vivo challenge, using hemocytes from scallops injected with the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio splendidus. Results indicate a post-spawning decrease in the structural components of the immune system (hemocyte number/quality) and their potential capacity of performing immune functions (with reduced ATP-producing machinery and exhaustion of energy reserves). Both in vitro and in vivo challenges demonstrate that hemocytes from immature scallops have, in most cases, the best metabolic potential (increased CS activity) and immune performances, with for example, over threefold higher ROS production and tissue-infiltration capacity than those from mature and spawned scallops after the bacterial challenge. Agreeing with cellular responses, hemocytes from immature individuals induced the highest levels of immune receptors and antimicrobial effectors after the bacterial challenge, while spawned scallops presented the lowest values. Overall, results suggest a trade-off between resource allocation in reproduction and the immune responses in A. purpuratus, with hemocyte energy metabolic capacity potentially underlying cellular and molecular immune responses. Further research would be necessary to explore regulatory mechanisms such as signaling pleiotropy which may potentially be underlying this trade-off

Equilibrio trabajo-familia, satisfacción laboral, bienestar subjetivo en funcionarios públicos de la región del Maule

91 p.El Trabajo y la Familia son dos ámbitos primordiales en la vida de una persona. En la antigüedad los papeles que ejercía cada miembro de la familia estaban demarcados, en cuanto a proveedores y quien tenía que criar a sus hijos. Sin embargo, con la inserción laboral de la mujer estos papeles han cambiado, provocando un gran cambio en el equilibrio familiar. La investigación que se presenta a continuación tiene como principal objetivo Determinar la relación entre equilibrio trabajo-familia, satisfacción laboral y bienestar subjetivo en trabajadores de un servicio público de la región del Maule. Para poder lograr esto, se llevó a cabo un estudio con una muestra de 73 trabajadores a quienes se les administraron 5 instrumentos, los cuales se enumeran a continuación: Cuestionario de Interacción Trabajo-Familia, SWING (Moreno, Sanz, Rodríguez & Geurts, 2009). Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, Larden & Griffin, 1984), Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999), Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral 10/12 (Meliá & Peiró, 1989), Escala de Funcionamiento familiar APGAR. Se concluye que no existe relación entre el equilibrio trabajo-familia y las variables en estudio. Sin embargo, a partir de los análisis realizados, se observa la existencia de una relación global de carácter positiva entre el funcionamiento familiar y la satisfacción laboral (Rho= ,253; Sig.= ,031). Palabras claves: Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia, Satisfacción Laboral, Bienestar Subjetiv

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in a 21-year-old patient: case report

Introducción: La guía de práctica clínica del ministerio de salud de Colombia, para la detección y manejo de lesiones precancerosas del cuello uterino, recomienda iniciar tamizaje para la prevención del cáncer de cérvix a partir de los 25 años.  Métodos: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 21 años, quien acudió al servicio de urgencias por cuadro clínico caracterizado por dolor abdominal asociado a sangrado vaginal. Mediante ecografía pélvica transvaginal se visualizó pólipo cervical, por lo que la paciente fue sometida a legrado. Resultados: La lesión fue extraída y enviada para análisis anatomopatológico y caracterización inmunohistoquímica. El resultado de patología concluyó que paciente cursaba con carcinoma escamoso del cérvix. Conclusión: No hay evidencia que indique que es acertado disminuir la edad para el inicio del cribado, a pesar de que, en ocasiones, se producen neoplasias en mujeres menores de 25 años. La forma más eficaz de disminuir la incidencia de lesiones malignas cervicales es utilizando una estrategia conjunta basada en tamizaje y vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano.Introduction: The clinical practice guideline of the Ministry of Health from Colombia, for the detection and management of precancerous lesions of the cervix, recommends starting screening for prevention of cervical cancer from the age of 25. Methods: We present the case of a 21-year-old patient, who went to the emergency department for a clinical condition characterized by abdominal pain associated with vaginal bleeding. Through transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, a cervical polyp was seen, so the patient underwent to curettage. Results: The lesion was extracted and sent for pathological analysis and immunohistochemical characterization. Pathology’s report concluded that the patient had a squamous cervix carcinoma. Conclusion: There is no evidence to indicate that it is wise to reduce the age of onset of screening, even though sometimes neoplasms occur in women under 25 years old. The most effective way to reduce the incidence of cervical lesions is by using a joint strategy based on screening and vaccination against human papillomavirus

Tracking kelp-type seaweed fuel in the archaeological record through Raman spectroscopy of charred particles: examples from the Atacama Desert coast

The use of seaweed as fuel has been mentioned in ethnographic and historical sources of different coastal regions. Nevertheless, the archaeological record of seaweed burning is still limited to contexts where preservation is exceptional and macroscopic discrimination of charred remains is possible. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in discriminating seaweed vs. plant/wood char. Our dataset (N = 92) consists of modern and archaeological seaweed and plant/wood charred remains, including specimens of unknown origin from the Atacama Desert coast, Northern Chile. The charred samples were processed to obtain 13 parameters which were then fed into five supervised machine learning models. The models, built on samples of known origin (seaweed and plant/wood), performed remarkably well in terms of accuracy, kappa, sensitivity, and specificity. The models were used for final predictions on 10 non-identified archaeological charcoals. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning techniques is a robust methodology for discriminating seaweed and plant/wood charred remains in the archaeological record. The predictions on unknown samples confirm that seaweed was used as fuel in a specific funerary ritual in the southern Atacama Desert coast around 5000 cal BP. Furthermore, charred specimens of Lessonia spp. recovered from combustion features in other northern Chile coastal settlements, suggest that seaweed pyrotechnology developed by Atacama Desert coast people is likely a long-term process. As for coastal archaeology, this work encourages new research on seaweed as an alternative/main fuel in coastal deserts and evaluates possible bias for chronologies from coastal archaeological settlements around the globe.The present study was supported by the Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile) through the research grants UTA MAYOR 3754 (2021–2022) – “Uso de algas como combustible en sitios arqueológicos de la costa desértica de Atacama: una aproximación arqueomética” and UTA MAYOR 367122 (2022–2024) – “Estudio multiproxy para el reconocimiento de algas en rasgos de combustión arqueológicos de la costa del Desierto de Atacama” (Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile). D.Z. received financial support from the Arqueología, desiertos costeros y visibilización de recursos naturales Project (PIE 190405, CSIC) and ARVCODA – Arqueología de los Recursos Vegetales en la Costa del Desierto de Atacama project (Fundación PALARQ, CSIC). The studied samples were obtained during archaeological excavations or samplings performed in the following projects: FONDECYT 1151203; FONDECYT POSTDOC 3150664; and Quebrada Blanca Phase 2 (QB2) project – Compañía Minera Teck Quebrada Blanca S.A

The Compound 2-Hexyl, 5-Propyl Resorcinol Has a Key Role in Biofilm Formation by the Biocontrol Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606

The production of the compound 2-hexyl-5-propyl resorcinol (HPR) by the biocontrol rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 (PcPCL1606) is crucial for fungal antagonism and biocontrol activity that protects plants against the phytopathogenic fungus Rosellinia necatrix. The production of HPR is also involved in avocado root colonization during the biocontrol process. This pleiotrophic response prompted us to study the potential role of HPR production in biofilm formation. The swimming motility of PcPLL1606 is enhanced by the disruption of HPR production. Mutants impaired in HPR production, revealed that adhesion, colony morphology, and typical air–liquid interphase pellicles were all dependent on HPR production. The role of HPR production in biofilm architecture was also analyzed in flow chamber experiments. These experiments revealed that the HPR mutant cells had less tight unions than those producing HPR, suggesting an involvement of HPR in the production of the biofilm matrix