Ús d'un sistema productiu de traducció automàtica

En aquest article expliquem alguns aspectes de la tecnologia de traducció automàtica Comprendium, els diferents usos del nostre sistema de traducció automàtica, la relació entre les necessitats dels usuaris i els nostres productes i uns exemples d'instal·lacions actuals

Integración de un sistema de traducción automática en el entorno de redacción de un periódico

This paper describes the integration process of Lucy Software’s machine translation system into the editorial process flow of La Vanguardia newspaper, where it is used on a daily basis as a help-tool in order to produce bilingual editions of the daily newspaper in Catalan and Spanish. The integration process includes both technical and linguistic adaptations, as well as a final post-edition process.El artículo describe el proceso de integración del traductor automático de Lucy Software en el entorno de redacción de La Vanguardia, donde se utiliza diariamente como herramienta auxiliar para publicar una edición bilingüe del diario en catalán y en castellano. Este proceso de integración incluye adaptaciones técnicas y lingüísticas, y un proceso final de post-edición

ICAO action plan on emissions reduction: Republic of Bulgaria

ICAO environmental action plans present States' measures to reduce emissions from international aviation. Action plans are a practical means for States to communicate to ICAO information on their activities to address CO2 emissions from international civil aviation. The level of detail of the information contained in an action plan demonstrates the effectiveness of actions and will ultimately enable ICAO to measure global progress towards meeting the goals set by Assembly Resolution A37-19

Looking beneath Dalí's paint: non-destructive canvas analysis

A new analytical method was developed to non-destructively determine pH and degree of polymerisation (DP) of cellulose in fibres in 19th 20th century painting canvases, and to identify the fibre type: cotton, linen, hemp, ramie or jute. The method is based on NIR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis, while for calibration and validation a reference collection of 199 historical canvas samples was used. The reference collection was analysed destructively using microscopy and chemical analytical methods. Partial least squares regression was used to build quantitative methods to determine pH and DP, and linear discriminant analysis was used to determine the fibre type. To interpret the obtained chemical information, an expert assessment panel developed a categorisation system to discriminate between canvases that may not be fit to withstand excessive mechanical stress, e.g. transportation. The limiting DP for this category was found to be 600. With the new method and categorisation system, canvases of 12 Dalí paintings from the Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí (Figueres, Spain) were non-destructively analysed for pH, DP and fibre type, and their fitness determined, which informs conservation recommendations. The study demonstrates that collection-wide canvas condition surveys can be performed efficiently and non-destructively, which could significantly improve collection management

Choosing project risk management techniques. A theoretical framework

The pressure for increasing quality while reducing time and costs places particular emphasis on managing risk in projects. To this end, several models and techniques have been developed in literature and applied in practice, so that there is a strong need for clarifying when and how each of them should be used. At the same time, knowledge about risk management is becoming of paramount importance to effectively deal with the complexity of projects. However, communication and knowledge creation are not easy tasks, especially when dealing with uncertainty, because decision-making is often fragmented and a comprehensive perspective on the goals, opportunities, and threats of a project is missing. With the purpose of providing guidelines for the selection of risk techniques taking into account the most relevant aspects characterising the managerial and operational scenario of a project, a theoretical framework to classify these techniques is proposed. Based on a literature review of the criteria to categorise risk techniques, three dimensions are defined: the phase of the risk management process, the phase of the project life cycle, and the corporate maturity towards risk. The taxonomy is then applied to a wide selection of risk techniques according to their documented applications. This work helps to integrate the risk management and the knowledge management processes. Future research efforts will be directed towards refining the framework and testing it in multiple industrie

Shrinkage Induced Deformations in Steel Bridges Made Composite With Concrete Deck Slabs

ODOT SPR Item Number 2260Concrete bridge deck cast upon steel girders form a composite steel-concrete bridge. Volume changes in the concrete caused by shrinkage, temperature or other effects can alter the finished elevations of the bridge decks. Some of the state\u2019s newly constructed bridges have experienced downward deflecting decks, causing uneven riding surfaces. It has been suggested by some that the excessive deflections are caused by drying shrinkage of concrete. The research investigated the shrinkage characteristics of concrete, examined analytically the likely effects of concrete shrinkage on composite steel and concrete girder bridges, examined experimentally the system of concrete and steel bridge beams, and performed forensic field investigations of existing bridges. In various phases, material properties of concrete were studied, and a full-scale prototype bridge was constructed in the laboratory. That bridge was used to examine bridge deformations during deck casting and curing. The bridge was tested with heat loads and results are reported. Causes for excessive deflections are examined. It is concluded that the construction means and methods are largely responsible for unwanted bridge deformations and poor ride quality in some new bridges. Recommendations are made to the ODOT to help mitigate adverse effects

Ús d'un sistema productiu de traducció automàtica

En aquest article expliquem alguns aspectes de la tecnologia de traducció automàtica Comprendium, els diferents usos del nostre sistema de traducció automàtica, la relació entre les necessitats dels usuaris i els nostres productes i uns exemples d'instal·lacions actuals

Detection of subsurface cracking depth through electrical resistivity anisotropy

To date, an understanding of crack dynamics has been hampered by the lack of techniques to observe or monitor crack dynamics below the soil surface. This study introduces a new technique for the detection of subsurface cracks that relates the development of soil cracks to changes in the electrical anisotropy of the soil. Here electrical anisotropy is defined as the ratio of the apparent resistivity measured with the alpha and the beta square array. While measurements of electrical anisotropy have been carried out at the soil surface, here an electrode array is proposed that allows anisotropy measurements at regular depth intervals throughout a soil profile. Four strings of electrodes are installed vertically at the corners of a square so that square array measurements can be made on a series of coplanar electrode squares using one electrode from each of the four vertical strings.Anisotropy responses to different crack scenarios were simulated numerically before measurements were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory anisotropy measurements were carried out in a sand filled lysimeter with a plastic sheet introduced to represent an electrically insulating crack. Measurements were then repeated in a cracking soil filled lysimeter. Finally, measurements were made at two field sites, where flood irrigated sorghum and cotton were grown on cracking soil. For the field measurements, a 3D electrical resistivity tomography routine was designed that could be run with the same electrode arrangement used for the anisotropy measurements. Time-lapse measurements of 3D electrical resistivity allowed tracking of water infiltration and gave information about the extent of soil cracking. This was then compared to the anisotropy results.The numerical simulations, the laboratory and field measurements all demonstrated that the lateral and vertical extent of cracking in a soil profile strongly influences the electrical anisotropy and that a well developed anisotropy profile allows determination of a cracking depth range. Soil moisture changes after crack closure only have a minor influence on the anisotropy as has the presence of sorghum and cotton roots. It is concluded that electrical anisotropy profiles are a valuable tool for monitoring crack dynamics within a soil profile