2,653 research outputs found
Co-operative accounting; Part I. Store records and accounts; Part II. Co-operative book keeping
It is evident that to be able to have complete information and analysis of the business condition of your Co-operative, in all its phases at almost a moment\u27s notice, is more advantageous than getting such information at the end of a period. With the employment of the system hereinafter described, it is possible for the manager of the store and the Control Committee to keep their fingers on the business pulse of their society at all times. It is worthy of note that by this system an efficient Control Committee can know as much or more about the business than the manager. By checking the records, certifying to the invoices, recording changes in prices, making up the Weekly Statement for the Board of Directors, taking stock, etc., they become thoroughly acquainted with the business procedure of the Co-operative. As the personnel of the committee changes from time to time, it happens that many members of the society develop this very valuable experience. A society with such a Control Committee is never at a loss when a change of manager occurs. While the explanation of this system is given at length, the actual operation of keeping the records is simple, involving on the average about thirty minutes daily of the manager\u27s time, and about two hours weekly by the Control Committee in checking the records once or twice a week
Organic food and health - status and perspectives
In a recent study it was investigated, through a well-controlled animal feeding experiment, whether conventional and organic food products showed differences in animal physiology of a type and magnitude that could indicate that organic products would affect humans differently. The primary, but still tentative conclusion from this study was that the most significant effects on rats was observed on health aspects that have rarely been assessed in prior studies: Immune status, sleep/activity pattern, accumulation of adipose tissue, liver function, and vitamin E status, while a large numbers of markers of âtraditionalâ nutritional value showed no differences. Although the results of the present study could not directly be applied to organic and conventional production systems the observed differences were all in favour of the organic treatment, and thus pointed in the direction of potential health benefits when eating organically grown rather than conventionally grown food. However, this study like other studies related to the issue suffers from the fact that only one replication per food produce was used in the animal studies. Therefore the size of the effects could not be evaluated with respect to replication variation, which could have been determined by establishment of field trials. In addition, it was not possible to correlate the responses of the animals to the analysed diet composition due to the limited number of replicates, whereby the explanations of the effects were limited. Thus, it is of outmost concern that future investigations on the effect of organic food in relation to human health and well-being should be based on well-defined and controlled food produce system with replications
Vibrational Instability of Metal-Poor Low-Mass Main-Sequence Stars
We find that low-degree low-order g-modes become unstable in metal-poor
low-mass stars due to the -mechanism of the pp-chain. Since the
outer convection zone of these stars is limited only to the very outer layers,
the uncertainty in the treatment of convection does not affect the result
significantly. The decrease in metallicity leads to decrease in opacity and
hence increase in luminosity of a star. This makes the star compact and results
in decrease in the density contrast, which is favorable to the
-mechanism instability. We find also instability for high order
g-modes of metal-poor low-mass stars by the convective blocking mechanism.
Since the effective temperature and the luminosity of metal-poor stars are
significantly higher than those of Pop I stars, the stars showing
Dor-type pulsation are substantially less massive than in the case of Pop I
stars. We demonstrate that those modes are unstable for about
stars in the metal-poor case.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, To be published in Astrophysics and Space Science
Proceedings series (ASSP). Proceedings of the "20th Stellar Pulsation
Conference Series: Impact of new instrumentation and new insights in stellar
pulsations", 5-9 September 2011, Granada, Spai
SMEI observations of previously unseen pulsation frequencies in Îł Doradus
Aims. As g-mode pulsators, gamma-Doradus-class stars may naĂŻvely be expected to show a large number of modes. Taking advantage of the long photometric time-series generated by the solar mass ejection imager (SMEI) instrument, we have studied the star gamma Doradus to determine whether any other modes than the three already known are present at observable amplitude.
Methods. High-precision photometric data from SMEI taken between April 2003 and March 2006 were subjected to periodogram analysis with the PERIOD04 package.
Results. We confidently determine three additional frequencies at 1.39, 1.87, and 2.743 dâ1. These are above and beyond the known frequencies of 1.320, 1.364, and 1.47 dâ1.
Conclusions. Two of the new frequencies, at 1.39 and 1.87 dâ1, are speculated to be additional modes of oscillation, with the third frequency at 2.743â1 a possible combination frequency
Tidal interactions of close-in extrasolar planets: the OGLE cases
Close-in extrasolar planets experience extreme tidal interactions with their
host stars. This may lead to a reduction of the planetary orbit and a spin-up
of stellar rotation. Tidal interactions have been computed for a number of
extrasolar planets in circular orbits within 0.06 AU, namely for OGLE-TR-56 b.
We compare our range of the tidal dissipation value with two dissipation models
from Sasselov (2003) and conclude that our choices are equivalent to these
models. However, applied to the planet OGLE-TR-56 b, we find in contrast to
Sasselov (2003) that this planet will spiral-in toward the host star in a few
billion years. We show that the average and maximum value of our range of
dissipation are equivalent to the linear and quadratic dissipation models of
Sasselov (2003). Due to limitations in the observational techniques, we do not
see a possibility to distinguish between the two dissipation models as outlined
by Sasselov (2003). OGLE-TR-56 b may therefore not serve as a test case for
dissipation models. The probable existence of OGLE-TR-3 b at 0.02 AU and the
discovery of OGLE-TR-113 b at 0.023 AU and OGLE-TR-132 b at 0.03 AU may also
counter Sasselovs (2003) assumption of a pile-up stopping boundary at 0.04 AU.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Asteroseismology of the Transiting Exoplanet Host HD 17156 with HST FGS
Observations conducted with the Fine Guidance Sensor on Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) providing high cadence and precision time-series photometry
were obtained over 10 consecutive days in December 2008 on the host star of the
transiting exoplanet HD 17156b. During this time 10^12 photons (corrected for
detector deadtime) were collected in which a noise level of 163 parts per
million per 30 second sum resulted, thus providing excellent sensitivity to
detection of the analog of the solar 5-minute p-mode oscillations. For HD 17156
robust detection of p-modes supports determination of the stellar mean density
of 0.5301 +/- 0.0044 g/cm^3 from a detailed fit to the observed frequencies of
modes of degree l = 0, 1, and 2. This is the first star for which direct
determination of the mean stellar density has been possible using both
asteroseismology and detailed analysis of a transiting planet light curve.
Using the density constraint from asteroseismology, and stellar evolution
modeling results in M_star = 1.285 +/- 0.026 solar, R_star = 1.507 +/- 0.012
solar, and a stellar age of 3.2 +/- 0.3 Gyr.Comment: Accepted by ApJ; 16 pages, 18 figure
The antiparasitic compound Licochalcon A is a potent echinocytogenic agent that modifies erythrocyte membrane in the concentration region where the antiplasmodial activity is observed
The well-known antiparasitic compound licochalcone A is a potent membrane-active agent that transforms normal erythrocytes into echinocytes in parallel with the inhibition of growth of Plasmodium falciparum cultures, the in vitro antiplasmodial effect apparently being an indirect effect on the host cell. In vitro experiments with synchronous cultures demonstrate that inhibition of invasion is the principal mechanism of growth inhibition. The erythrocyte membrane-modifying effect was also transiently observed in vivo in mice after intravenous administration
Near-Infrared Thermal Emission from the Hot Jupiter TrES-2b: Ground-Based Detection of the Secondary Eclipse
We present near-infrared Ks-band photometry bracketing the secondary eclipse
of the hot Jupiter TrES-2b using the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We detect its thermal emission with an eclipse
depth of 0.062 +/- 0.012% (5-sigma). Our best-fit secondary eclipse is
consistent with a circular orbit (a 3-sigma upper limit on the eccentricity, e,
and argument or periastron, omega, of |ecos(omega)| < 0.0090), in agreement
with mid-infrared detections of the secondary eclipse of this planet. A
secondary eclipse of this depth corresponds to a day-side Ks-band brightness
temperature of TB = 1636 +/- 88 K. Our thermal emission measurement when
combined with the thermal emission measurements using Spitzer/IRAC from
O'Donovan and collaborators suggest that this planet exhibits relatively
efficient day to night-side redistribution of heat and a near isothermal
dayside atmospheric temperature structure, with a spectrum that is well
approximated by a blackbody. It is unclear if the atmosphere of TrES-2b
requires a temperature inversion; if it does it is likely due to chemical
species other than TiO/VO as the atmosphere of TrES-2b is too cool to allow
TiO/VO to remain in gaseous form. Our secondary eclipse has the smallest depth
of any detected from the ground at around 2 micron to date.Comment: ApJ accepted, 8 pages, 9 figures, in emulateapj format
Cancer risk in persons with new-onset anaemia:a population-based cohort study in Denmark
Abstract Background The time interval from first symptom and sign until a cancer diagnosis significantly affects the prognosis. Therefore, recognising and acting on signs of cancer, such as anaemia, is essential. Evidence is sparse on the overall risk of cancer and the risk of specific cancer types in persons with new-onset anaemia detected in an unselected general practice population. We aimed to assess the risk of cancer in persons with new-onset anaemia detected in general practice, both overall and for selected cancer types. Methods This observational population-based cohort study used individually linked electronic data from laboratory information systems and nationwide healthcare registries in Denmark. We included persons aged 40â90âyears without a prior history of cancer and with new-onset anaemia (no anaemia during the previous 15âmonths) detected in general practice in 2014â2018. We measured the incidence proportion and standardised incidence ratios of a new cancer diagnosis (all cancers except for non-melanoma skin cancers) during 12âmonths follow-up. Results A total of 48,925 persons (median [interquartile interval] age, 69 [55â78] years; 55.5% men) were included in the study. In total, 7.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.6 to 8.2) of men and 5.2% (CI: 4.9 to 5.5) of women were diagnosed with cancer during 12âmonths. Across selected anaemia types, the highest cancer incidence proportion was seen in women with âanaemia of inflammationâ (15.3%, CI: 13.1 to 17.5) (ferritin >â100âng/mL and increased C-reactive protein (CRP)) and in men with âcombined inflammatory iron deficiency anaemiaâ (19.3%, CI: 14.5 to 24.1) (ferritin <â100âng/mL and increased CRP). For these two anaemia types, the cancer incidence across cancer types was 10- to 30-fold higher compared to the general population. Conclusions Persons with new-onset anaemia detected in general practice have a high cancer risk; and markedly high for âcombined inflammatory iron deficiency anaemiaâ and âanaemia of inflammationâ. Anaemia is a sign of cancer that calls for increased awareness and action. There is a need for research on how to improve the initial pathway for new-onset anaemia in general practice
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