brainlife.io: A decentralized and open source cloud platform to support neuroscience research

Neuroscience research has expanded dramatically over the past 30 years by advancing standardization and tool development to support rigor and transparency. Consequently, the complexity of the data pipeline has also increased, hindering access to FAIR data analysis to portions of the worldwide research community. brainlife.io was developed to reduce these burdens and democratize modern neuroscience research across institutions and career levels. Using community software and hardware infrastructure, the platform provides open-source data standardization, management, visualization, and processing and simplifies the data pipeline. brainlife.io automatically tracks the provenance history of thousands of data objects, supporting simplicity, efficiency, and transparency in neuroscience research. Here brainlife.io's technology and data services are described and evaluated for validity, reliability, reproducibility, replicability, and scientific utility. Using data from 4 modalities and 3,200 participants, we demonstrate that brainlife.io's services produce outputs that adhere to best practices in modern neuroscience research

Good scientific practice in MEEG Research: Progress and Perspectives

Good Scientific Practice (GSP) refers to both explicit and implicit rules, recommendations, and guidelines that help scientists to produce work that is of the highest quality at any given time, and to efficiently share that work with the community for further scrutiny or utilization.For experimental research using magneto- and electroencephalography (MEEG), GSP includes specific standards and guidelines for technical competence, which are periodically updated and adapted to new findings. However, GSP also needs to be periodically revisited in a broader light. At the LiveMEEG 2020 conference, a reflection on GSP was fostered that included explicitly documented guidelines and technical advances, but also emphasized intangible GSP: a general awareness of personal, organizational, and societal realities and how they can influence MEEG research.This article provides an extensive report on most of the LiveMEEG contributions and new literature, with the additional aim to synthesize ongoing cultural changes in GSP. It first covers GSP with respect to cognitive biases and logical fallacies, pre-registration as a tool to avoid those and other early pitfalls, and a number of resources to enable collaborative and reproducible research as a general approach to minimize misconceptions. Second, it covers GSP with respect to data acquisition, analysis, reporting, and sharing, including new tools and frameworks to support collaborative work. Finally, GSP is considered in light of ethical implications of MEEG research and the resulting responsibility that scientists have to engage with societal challenges.Considering among other things the benefits of peer review and open access at all stages, the need to coordinate larger international projects, the complexity of MEEG subject matter, and today's prioritization of fairness, privacy, and the environment, we find that current GSP tends to favor collective and cooperative work, for both scientific and for societal reasons

The Blursday database as a resource to study subjective temporalities during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides repeated measures of subjective time and related processes from participants in nine countries tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioural tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,840 participants completed at least one task, and 439 participants completed all tasks in the first session. The database and all data collection tools are accessible to researchers for studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception and mindfulness. Blursday includes quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being and lockdown indices. The database provides quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency and mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time and temporal distances). Perceived isolation affects time perception, and we report an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation

brainlife.io: a decentralized and open-source cloud platform to support neuroscience research

Neuroscience is advancing standardization and tool development to support rigor and transparency. Consequently, data pipeline complexity has increased, hindering FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) access. brainlife.io was developed to democratize neuroimaging research. The platform provides data standardization, management, visualization and processing and automatically tracks the provenance history of thousands of data objects. Here, brainlife.io is described and evaluated for validity, reliability, reproducibility, replicability and scientific utility using four data modalities and 3,200 participants

Apprentissage implicite du contexte visuel et guidage de la perception : Expériences MEG et EEG intracrânien

Can't do it today.Le contexte guide la perception de manière inconsciente. En vision, il est utilisé pour faciliter la reconnaissance et la recherche d'objets. Nous avons élaboré un protocole expérimental nouveau pour étudier l'influence du contexte sur la recherche visuelle en magnéto-encéphalographie (MEG). Une étude chez des sujets sains nous a permis d'observer les étapes de l'apprentissage et de l'exploitation des relations spatiales entre le contexte et la cible en recherche visuelle. Lorsque le contexte peut être utilisé pour prédire la position de la cible, une activité oscillatoire spécifique dans la bande de fréquence gamma (30-48 Hz) se développe dès qu'une image est vue pour la deuxième fois (Chaumon, Schwartz et Tallon-Baudry, En révision). Lorsque les sujets commencent à utiliser les régularités inconsciemment, ces oscillations gamma disparaissent et laissent place à un effet dans l'activité évoquée en MEG avant 100 ms (Chaumon, Drouet et Tallon-Baudry, 2008). Des enregistrements effectués dans la même tâche chez des patients épileptiques implantés d'électrodes intracrâniennes confirment les résultats MEG et montrent que les régions du lobe temporal antérieur sont impliquées dans l'exploitation des relations entre contexte et cible (Chaumon, Adam, Hasboun et Tallon-Baudry, En préparation).Nous proposons que l'activité gamma permet la création et l'affûtage d'une représentation neuronale par des mécanismes de plasticité dépendante de la synchronie des potentiels d'action (spike timing dependent plasticity, STDP). Cette représentation une fois créée serait activée très rapidement pour biaiser le traitement cérébral, permettant la prise en compte de l'expérience vécue dès les étapes précoces du traitement sensoriel

Apprentissage implicite du contexte visuel et guidage de la perception (expériences MEG et EEG intracrânien)

Le contexte guide la perception de manière inconsciente. En vision, il est utilisé pour fa ciliter la reconnaissance et la recherche d objets. Nous avons élaboré un protocole expérimental pour étudier l influence du contexte sur la recherche visuelle. Dans une étude en magnétoencéphalographie (MEG), nous avons montré que des oscillations dans la bande de fréquence gamma (30-48 Hz) contribuent a l apprentissage du contexte qui biaise ensuite le traitement cérébral avant 100 ms. Des enregistrements effectués dans la même tâche chez des patients épileptiques implantés d électrodes intracrâniennes montrent que les régions du lobe temporal antérieur sont impliquées dans l exploitation des relations entre contexte et cible. L activité gamma permettrait la création et l affûtage d une représentation neuronale efficace activée rapidement, permettant la prise en compte de l expérience vécue dès les étapes précoces du traitement sensoriel.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Apprentissage implicite du contexte visuel et guidage de la perception (expériences MEG et EEG intracrânien)

Le contexte guide la perception de manière inconsciente. En vision, il est utilisé pour fa ciliter la reconnaissance et la recherche d objets. Nous avons élaboré un protocole expérimental pour étudier l influence du contexte sur la recherche visuelle. Dans une étude en magnétoencéphalographie (MEG), nous avons montré que des oscillations dans la bande de fréquence gamma (30-48 Hz) contribuent a l apprentissage du contexte qui biaise ensuite le traitement cérébral avant 100 ms. Des enregistrements effectués dans la même tâche chez des patients épileptiques implantés d électrodes intracrâniennes montrent que les régions du lobe temporal antérieur sont impliquées dans l exploitation des relations entre contexte et cible. L activité gamma permettrait la création et l affûtage d une représentation neuronale efficace activée rapidement, permettant la prise en compte de l expérience vécue dès les étapes précoces du traitement sensoriel.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Statistical power: implications for planning MEG studies

International audienceStatistical power is key for robust, replicable science. Here, we systematically explored how numbers of trials and subjects affect statistical power in MEG sensor-level data. More specifically, we simulated "experiments" using the MEG resting-state dataset of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We divided the data in two conditions, injected a dipolar source at a known anatomical location in the "signal condition", but not in the "noise condition", and detected significant differences at sensor level with classical paired t-tests across subjects, using amplitude, squared amplitude, and global field power (GFP) measures. Group-level detectability of these simulated effects varied drastically with anatomical origin. We thus examined in detail which spatial properties of the sources affected detectability, looking specifically at the distance from closest sensor and orientation of the source, and at the variability of these parameters across subjects. In line with previous single-subject studies, we found that the most detectable effects originate from source locations that are closest to the sensors and oriented tangentially with respect to the head surface. In addition, cross-subject variability in orientation also affected group-level detectability, boosting detection in regions where this variability was small and hindering detection in regions where it was large. Incidentally, we observed a considerable covariation of source position, orientation, and their cross-subject variability in individual brain anatomical space, making it difficult to assess the impact of each of these variables independently of one another. We thus also performed simulations where we controlled spatial properties independently of individual anatomy. These additional simulations confirmed the strong impact of distance and orientation and further showed that orientation variability across subjects affects detectability, whereas position variability does not. Importantly, our study indicates that strict unequivocal recommendations as to the ideal number of trials and subjects for any experiment cannot be realistically provided for neurophysiological studies and should be adapted according to the brain regions under study

Cognitive effects on experienced duration and speed of time, prospectively, retrospectively, in and out of lockdown

Abstract Psychological time is influenced by multiple factors such as arousal, emotion, attention and memory. While laboratory observations are well documented, it remains unclear whether cognitive effects on time perception replicate in real-life settings. This study exploits a set of data collected online during the Covid-19 pandemic, where participants completed a verbal working memory (WM) task in which their cognitive load was manipulated using a parametric n-back (1-back, 3-back). At the end of every WM trial, participants estimated the duration of that trial and rated the speed at which they perceived time was passing. In this within-participant design, we initially tested whether the amount of information stored in WM affected time perception in opposite directions depending on whether duration was estimated prospectively (i.e., when participants attend to time) or retrospectively (i.e., when participants do not attend to time). Second, we tested the same working hypothesis for the felt passage of time, which may capture a distinct phenomenology. Third, we examined the link between duration and speed of time, and found that short durations tended to be perceived as fast. Last, we contrasted two groups of individuals tested in and out of lockdown to evaluate the impact of social isolation. We show that duration and speed estimations were differentially affected by social isolation. We discuss and conclude on the influence of cognitive load on various experiences of time