L’œuvre recomposée: représentation du groupe et de l’individu chez Paul-Emile Chabas (1869-1937)

The purpose of this article is to report on the study of Paul-Émile Chabas' work Chez Alphonse Lemerre à Ville-d’Avray (1895). The interest of this analysis lies first of all in the numerous preparatory works associated with it, contributing to a global understanding of the artist's work. Indeed, the works, distributed in both museum and private collections, are disconnected. However, a work is inseparable from its studies, whose visibility is most often reduced and which nevertheless abound in information. Moreover, this painting is the perfect illustration of the painter's privileged relationship with artistic and intellectual circles, and more broadly with the people whose portraits he painted.El presente artículo tiene por objeto dar cuenta del estudio de la obra de Paul-Émile Chabas Chez Alphonse Lemerre à Ville-d’Avray (1895). El interés de este análisis reside en primer lugar en los numerosos trabajos preparatorios que le son asociados y que contribuyen a una comprensión global de la obra del artista. En efecto, las obras, repartidas tanto en museos como en colecciones privadas, están desconectadas. Sin embargo, una obra de arte es inseparable de sus estudios, a menudo menos visibles y sin embargo llenos de información. Además, este cuadro ilustra perfectamente la relación privilegiada del pintor con los círculos artísticos e intelectuales y, más ampliamente, con las personas cuyos retratos realiza.O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o estudo da obra de Paul-Émile Chabas Chez Alphonse Lemerre à Ville-d’Avray (1895). O interesse dessa análise reside, em primeiro lugar, nos inúmeros trabalhos preparatórios associados a ela, contribuindo para uma compreensão global do trabalho do artista. De fato, as obras, que estão distribuídas tanto em museus quanto em coleções particulares, estão desconectadas. No entanto, uma obra de arte é inseparável de seus estudos, que geralmente são menos visíveis e, ainda assim, repletos de informações. Além disso, essa pintura é a ilustração perfeita do relacionamento privilegiado do pintor com os círculos artísticos e intelectuais e, de modo mais amplo, com as pessoas cujos retratos ele pinta

The banality of education policy : Discipline as extensive evil in the neoliberal era

Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this articlePeer reviewedPostprin

The MoXFo Initiative : using consensus methodology to move forward towards internationally shared vocabulary in multiple sclerosis exercise research

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) exercise terminology lacks consistency across disciplines, hindering research synthesis. Objective: The ‘Moving exercise research in MS forward initiative’ (MoXFo) aims to establish agreed definitions for key MS exercise terms. Methods: The Lexicon development methodology was employed. A three-step process identified key exercise terminology for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS): (1) consensus and systematic review, (2) Delphi round 1 and consideration of existing definitions and (3) Delphi round 2 for consensus among MoXFo steering group and exercise experts. Final definitions and style harmonisation were agreed upon. Results: The two-stage Delphi process resulted in the selection and scoring of 30 terminology definitions. The agreement was 100% for resistance exercise, balance and physical activity. Most terms had agreement >75%, but ‘posture’ (60%) and ‘exercise’ (65%) had a lower agreement. Conclusion: This study identified key terms and obtained agreement on definitions for 30 terms. The variability in agreement for some terms supports the need for clearly referencing or defining terminology within publications to enable clear communication across disciplines and to support precise synthesis and accurate interpretation of research

Le « vin du Triumvir » à Lyon : témoignages archéologiques et littéraires d’une production de vin sur le territoire colonial de <i>Lugdunum</i>

International audienceArchaeological evidence and literary sources regarding wine production in Lugdunum territory were for a long time deficient due to the few researches devoted to its hinterland. The ongoing excavation of a vast estate situated in this territory fills the gap: traces of a vineyard, treading-floor and press installations in use for more than three centuries, between the mid-1st century BC to the end of the 3rd century AD, have been uncovered. The early date of this establishment, contemporaneous with the colonial foundation towards the end of the Republic, must be pointed out; this region can be considered as the bridgehead to the introduction of viticulture techniques in non Mediterranean Gaul. During the more advanced stage, the exploitation reaches a volume of production which fits to a large scale marketing and a status which can be compared to the great estates in Narbonensis. Theses discoveries provide new prospects and allow a reassessment of the reading of some written sources, of vats and palynological and carpological remains identified within villae, and also of the documentation concerning the Lugdunum amphorae, linked before to a redistribution of bulk imported wine.L'état des sources archéologiques et littéraires relatives à une production de vin sur le territoire de Lugdunum a longtemps pâti du retard des recherches consacrées aux campagnes de l'arrière-pays lyonnais. La fouille en cours d'une grande villa palatiale située sur ce territoire vient combler cette lacune. Elle a mis au jour les traces d'un vignoble, d'installations de foulage et de pressurage utilisés sur plus de trois siècles, entre le milieu du Ier s. av. J.-C. et la fin du IIIe s. apr. J.-C. Cette exploitation se distingue par sa mise en place précoce, contemporaine de la fondation coloniale à la fin de la République, qui désigne la région comme une tête de pont de l'introduction des techniques de viti- et viniculture en Gaule tempérée. Elle atteint, dans sa phase la plus évoluée, un volume de production adapté à une commercialisation à grande échelle et un statut comparable à celui des grands domaines de Narbonnaise. Ces découvertes ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche et permettent de réexaminer sous un nouveau jour certaines mentions textuelles, les vestiges de cuves ou les restes palyno- et carpologiques attestés en contexte de villae, ou encore, le dossier des amphores lyonnaises, associées jusqu'à présent à la redistribution du vin importé en vrac

Pathogenic variants in the paired-related homeobox 1 gene (PRRX1) cause craniosynostosis with incomplete penetrance

Purpose Studies previously implicated PRRX1 in craniofacial development, including demonstration of murine Prrx1 expression in the pre-osteogenic cells of the cranial sutures. We investigated the role of heterozygous missense and loss-of-function variants in PRRX1 associated with craniosynostosis. Methods Trio-based genome, exome or targeted sequencing were used to screen PRRX1 in patients with craniosynostosis; immunofluorescence analyses were used to assess nuclear localization of wild-type and mutant proteins. Results Genome sequencing identified 2 of 9 sporadically affected individuals with syndromic/multisuture craniosynostosis who were heterozygous for rare/undescribed variants in PRRX1. Exome or targeted sequencing of PRRX1 revealed a further 9/1449 patients with craniosynostosis harboring deletions or rare heterozygous variants within the homeodomain. By collaboration, seven additional individuals (four families) were identified with putatively pathogenic PRRX1 variants. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that missense variants within the PRRX1 homeodomain cause abnormal nuclear localization. Of patients with variants considered likely pathogenic, bicoronal or other multi-suture synostosis was present in 11/17 (65% of the cases). Pathogenic variants were inherited from unaffected relatives in many instances, yielding a 12.5% penetrance estimate for craniosynostosis. Conclusion This work supports a key role for PRRX1 in cranial suture development and shows that haploinsufficiency of PRRX1 is a relatively frequent cause of craniosynostosis

Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect

The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effectpublishedVersio

Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect

The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies

Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect

The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies