Integração de requisitos orientados ao negócio: apresentação de método e ferramenta

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o método iRON (integração de Requisitos Orientados ao Negócio), elaborado com a finalidade de estruturar e alinhar a visão de negócio com o processo de produção e gerenciamento de requisitos, e a ferramenta iRON Explorer construída para sua aplicação. O método e a ferra-menta foram criados no ambiente acadêmico considerando a necessidade de melhorar a compreensão e utilização dos elementos da Engenharia de Requisitos dos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. Esses alunos levaram a técnica à em-presas públicas e privadas, o que proporcionou o seu amadurecimento com a par-ticipação da academia e mercado. O uso da ferramenta iRON Explorer, no ambi-ente acadêmico, melhorou o gerenciamento de requisitos, operacionalizando a rastreabilidade dos problemas, solução, requisitos do software e regras de negócio. A utilização da ferramenta propiciou a padronização dos artefatos, a avaliação do impacto de mudanças e maior agilidade ao processo.15º Simpósio Argentino de Engenharia de Softwar

Integração de requisitos orientados ao negócio: apresentação de método e ferramenta

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o método iRON (integração de Requisi-tos Orientados ao Negócio), elaborado com a finalidade de estruturar e alinhar a visão de negócio com o processo de produção e gerenciamento de requisitos, e a ferramenta iRON Explorer construída para sua aplicação. O método e a fer-ramenta foram criados no ambiente acadêmico considerando a necessidade de melhorar a compreensão e utilização dos elementos da Engenharia de Requisi-tos dos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. Esses alunos levaram a técnica à empresas públicas e privadas, o que proporcionou o seu amadurecimento com a participação da academia e mercado. O uso da ferramenta iRON Explorer, no ambiente acadêmico, melhorou o gerenciamento de requisitos, operacionalizan-do a rastreabilidade dos problemas, solução, requisitos do software e regras de negócio. A utilização da ferramenta propiciou a padronização dos artefatos, a avaliação do impacto de mudanças e maior agilidade ao processo.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Integração de requisitos orientados ao negócio: apresentação de método e ferramenta

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar o método iRON (integração de Requisi-tos Orientados ao Negócio), elaborado com a finalidade de estruturar e alinhar a visão de negócio com o processo de produção e gerenciamento de requisitos, e a ferramenta iRON Explorer construída para sua aplicação. O método e a fer-ramenta foram criados no ambiente acadêmico considerando a necessidade de melhorar a compreensão e utilização dos elementos da Engenharia de Requisi-tos dos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação. Esses alunos levaram a técnica à empresas públicas e privadas, o que proporcionou o seu amadurecimento com a participação da academia e mercado. O uso da ferramenta iRON Explorer, no ambiente acadêmico, melhorou o gerenciamento de requisitos, operacionalizan-do a rastreabilidade dos problemas, solução, requisitos do software e regras de negócio. A utilização da ferramenta propiciou a padronização dos artefatos, a avaliação do impacto de mudanças e maior agilidade ao processo.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Contrasting effects of aliskiren versus losartan on hypertensive vascular remodeling

Background: Hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to hypertension-induced upregulation of vascular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and remodeling, especially in the two kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension model. We hypothesized that the AT(1)R antagonist losartan or the renin inhibitor aliskiren, given at doses allowing similar antihypertensive effects, could prevent in vivo vascular MMPs upregulation and remodeling, and collagen/elastin deposition found in 2K1C hypertension by preventing the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)). We also hypothesized that aliskiren could enhance the effects of losartan.Methods: 2K1C rats were treated with aliskiren (50 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)), or losartan (10 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)), or both by gavage during 4 weeks.Results: Aliskiren, losartan, or both drugs exerted similar antihypertensive effects when compared with 2K1C rats treated with water. Aliskiren reduced plasma renin activity in both sham and 2K-1C rats. Losartan alone or combined with aliskiren, but not aliskiren alone, abolished 2K1C-induced aortic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and prevented the increases in aortic collagen/elastin content, MMP-2 levels, gelatinolytic activity, and expression of phospho-ERK 1/2 and TGF-beta(1). No significant differences were found in the aortic expression of the (pro) renin receptor.Conclusions: These findings show that although losartan and aliskiren exerted similar antihypertensive effects, only losartan prevented the activation of vascular profibrotic mechanisms and MMP upregulation associated with vascular remodeling in 2K1C hypertension. Our findings also suggest that aliskiren does not enhance the protective effects exerted by losartan. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Pharmacol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Biochem & Immunol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dent Sch Ribeirao Preto, Dept Morphol Estomatol & Physiol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Fractional Distillation of Bio-Oil Produced by Pyrolysis of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) Seeds

In this work, the seeds of açaí (Euterpe oleracea, Mart), a rich lignin-cellulose residue, has been submitted to pyrolysis to produce a bio-oil-like fossil fuels. The pyrolysis carried out in a reactor of 143 L, 450°C, and 1.0 atm. The morphology of Açaí seeds in nature and after pyrolysis is characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. The experiments show that bio-oil, gas, and coke yields were 4.38, 30.56, and 35.67% (wt.), respectively. The bio-oil characterized by AOCS, ASTM, and ABNT/NBR methods for density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value. The bio-oil density, viscosity, and acid value were 1.0468 g/cm3, 68.34 mm2/s, and 70.26 KOH/g, respectively. The chemical composition and chemical functions of bio-oil are determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The GC-MS identified in bio-oil 21.52% (wt.) hydrocarbons and 78.48% (wt.) oxygenates (4.06% esters, 8.52% carboxylic acids, 3.53% ketones, 35.16% phenols, 20.52% cresols, 5.75% furans, and 0.91% (wt.) aldehydes), making it possible to apply fractional distillation to obtain fossil fuel-like fractions rich in hydrocarbons. The distillation of bio-oil is carried out in a laboratory-scale column, according to the boiling temperature of fossil fuels. The distillation of bio-oil yielded fossil fuel-like fractions (gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel) of 4.70, 28.21, and 22.35% (wt.), respectively

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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