Las relaciones de género en las políticas locales y en el desarrollo económico del Pirineo Catalán

El presente artículo explora la contribución de las mujeres en las estrategias de desarrollo local en un área de montaña. El estudio analiza roles políticos y económicos desde una perspectiva de género en la Cataluña rural. Se considera la sorprendentemente baja participación en la política local de las mujeres en Cataluña en comparación con el conjunto de España, al igual que la medida en que las decisiones de las mujeres difieren de las de los hombres con respecto a los enfoques empresariales para el desarrollo económico local. El documento también analiza la participación de las mujeres en la toma de decisiones, investigando si tienen la capacidad de involucrar a actores locales innovadores en la formulación de políticas. Se presentan las características económicas del Pirineo Catalán. La investigación aplica metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, incluyendo entrevistas en profundidad e información elaborada a través de bases de datos.The present paper explores women's contribution to local development strategies in a mountainous area. The study analyses gender based political and economic roles in rural Catalonia. It is considered both Catalonia's surprisingly low rate of women's political participation, when compared to Spain as a whole, and the extent to which women's decisions can be significantly different than men's ones with respect to entrepreneurial approaches to local economic development.The paper further analyses women's participation in decisionmaking,investigating whether they have the capacity to involve innovative stakeholders in local policy making. The economic characteristics of the Pyrenees region are addressed. The research applies both qualitative and quantitative methodology, including indepth interviews and information gathered from databases

Gobernanza local y espacio rural : un análisis territorial desde la perspectiva de género

Desde una perspectiva de género el presente artículo analiza el nivel y características de la participación en política local de las mujeres dentro del ámbito rural. El estudio asume que la gobernanza territorial debe incluir no sólo aspectos económicos y de gestión, sino también de participación política, tanto directa como indirectamente. A través del caso de estudio de seis comarcas del Pirineo catalán, combinando una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, se analizan datos electorales y se identifican componentes de oferta y demanda para determinar que factores facilitan y cuales dificultan la participación activa de las mujeres en la política municipal.This paper analyses the level and features of women's local political participation in rural areas. The study assumes that territorial governance must include not only economic and management aspects, but also political participation, both directly and indirectly. Through a case study of six counties in the Catalan Pyrenees, combining quantitative and qualitative methodology, we analyse electoral data and identify supply and demand factors to establish which factors facilitate and which constrain the active involvement of rural women in local politics

Entre premios y recortes : el zigzagueante proceso de empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales

A pesar del rápido ascenso de la participación de las mujeres en la política parlamentaria española, a partir del 2011 el porcentaje ha descendido. En el ámbito rural, tradicionalmente poco receptivo con respecto a la paridad de género, se observa la misma tendencia, como ejemplifica el caso de los Pirineos Catalanes. Este artículo plantea los posibles límites de las políticas paritarias en el ámbito rural analizando como la participación de las mujeres en la política formal se relaciona con patrones segregacionistas de género, a la vez que se investigan los mecanismos de movilización y organización de las mujeres en redes de cooperación. El estudio permite ampliar el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos de empoderamiento de las mujeres ante los retos de la democracia participativa en el siglo XXI.Despite the rapid increase in the involvement of women in the Spanish parliamentary politics, since 2011 the proportion has declined. In rural areas, traditionally little receptive with respect to gender parity, local government show women's stagnation rates, as exemplified by the case of the Catalan Pyrenees. This paper examines the possible limits of parity policies in rural areas analyzing how the participation of women in formal politics is related to patterns of gender segregation, while investigating the mechanisms of mobilization and organization of women's networking. The study broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of empowerment of women and the challenges of participatory democracy in the XXI century

Epithelial cell shedding and barrier function: a matter of life and death at the small intestinal villus tip

The intestinal epithelium is a critical component of the gut barrier. Composed of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) held together by tight junctions, this delicate structure prevents the transfer of harmful microorganisms, antigens, and toxins from the gut lumen into the circulation. The equilibrium between the rate of apoptosis and shedding of senescent epithelial cells at the villus tip, and the generation of new cells in the crypt, is key to maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, in both localized and systemic inflammation, this balance may be disturbed as a result of pathological IEC shedding. Shedding of IECs from the epithelial monolayer may cause transient gaps or microerosions in the epithelial barrier, resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Although pathological IEC shedding has been observed in mouse models of inflammation and human intestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. This process may also be an important contributor to systemic and intestinal inflammatory diseases and gut barrier dysfunction in domestic animal species. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about intestinal epithelial cell shedding, its significance in gut barrier dysfunction and host-microbial interactions, and where research in this field is directed

Gastro-enterologia a Catalunya. Àrees extrahospitalària i hospitalària (I)

Podeu consultar la segona part de l'article a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/112309La situació de la digestologia, així com de les altres especialitats mèdiques, és objecte de continus estudis per part dels organismes administratius, tant centrals com autonòmics. Aquests estudis oficials, però, estan encaminats essencialment a quantificar l'assistència prestada. Aquest fet ha motivat a la Junta de la Societat Catalana de Digestologia a dur a terme una enquesta a fi de conèixer la situació en que es troben els digestòlegs catalans que presten assistència en l'àmbit extra-hospitalari. Així, s'ha considerat interessant de conèixer alguns aspectes, com el temps d'exercici dels professionals, quin tipus d'assistència presten (pública o privada), quines exploracions es fan i quina relació mantenen amb la Societat Catalana de Digestologia

Gastro-enterologia a Catalunya. Àrees extrahospitalària i hospitalària (II)

Podeu consultar la primera part de l'article a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/106608La Societat Catalana de Digestologia es proposà de conéixer, el 1987, l'estat en què es trobava la gastroenterologia a Catalunya, ja que es disposaven de ben poques dades fins a aquells moments. ..

Multi-partner Demonstration of BGPLS enabled multi-domain EON control and instantiation with H-PCE

The control of multidomain elastic optical networks (EONs) is possible by combining Hierarchical Path Computation Element (H-PCE)-based computation, Border Gateway Protocol with Extensions for Traffic Engineering Link State Information (BGP-LS) topology discovery, remote instantiation via Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP), and signaling via Resource Reservation Protocol with Extensions for Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE). Two evolutionary architectures are considered, one based on stateless H-PCE, PCEP instantiation, and end-to-end RSVP-TE signaling (SL-E2E), and a second one based on stateful active H-PCE with per-domain instantiation and stitching. This paper presents the first multiplatform demonstration that fully validates both control architectures achieving multiprotocol interoperability. SL-E2E leads to slightly faster provisioning but needs to keep the state of the stitching of the end-to-end label-switched paths in the parent PCE

The experience of inflammatory bowel disease patients with healthcare: A survey with the IEXPAC instrument

Inflammatory bowel disease; Patients experience; Chronic diseaseMalaltia intestinal inflamatòria; Experiència dels pacients; Malalties cròniquesEnfermedad intestinal inflamatoria; Experiencia de los pacientes; Enfermedades crónicasTo assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients' experience of chronic illness care and the relationship with demographic and healthcare-related characteristics.This cross-sectional survey used the Instrument to Evaluate the EXperience of PAtients with Chronic diseases (IEXPAC) questionnaire to identify parameters associated with a better healthcare experience for IBD patients. IEXPAC questionnaire responses are grouped into 3 factors - productive interactions, new relational model, and patient self-management, scoring from 0 (worst) to 10 (best experience). Scores were analyzed by bivariate comparisons and multiple linear regression models.Surveys were returned by 341 of 575 patients (59.3%, mean age 46.8 (12.9) years, 48.2% women). Mean (SD) IEXPAC score was 5.9 (2.0); scores were higher for the productive interactions (7.7) and patient self-management factors (6.7) and much lower for the new relational model factor (2.2). Follow-up by a nurse, being seen by the same physician, and being treated with a lower number of medicines were associated with higher (better) overall patient experience score, and higher productive interactions and self-management factor scores. A higher productive interactions score was also associated with patients receiving medication subcutaneously or intravenously. Higher new relational model scores were associated with follow-up by a nurse, affiliation to a patients' association, receiving help from others for healthcare, a lower number of medicines and a higher educational level.In patients with IBD, a better overall patient experience was associated with follow-up by a nurse, being seen by the same physician, and being treated with a lower number of medicines