Social power of preadolescent children on influence in their mothers’ purchasing behavior: initial study in Peruvian toy stores

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between legitimate and expert social power types of preadolescent children on the influence perception in their mothers’ purchasing behavior in Peruvian toy stores. The literature review takes into consideration the concepts of social power and the influence on family behavior to then focus on social power within family behavior with the purpose of mainly developing four hypotheses regarding purchasing behavior. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology followed a non-experimental transversal correlational-causal design. A pilot sample size of 67 cases was used. The sample was based on an objective population of Peruvian mothers of families that live in northern Lima and that go to purchase toys to major shopping centers with their children aged 8-11 years. Findings: The results show that the expert social power, as well as the legitimate social power, has a strong relationship. In addition, both social powers have an impact on the influence perception in purchasing child-mother, but not on the influence perception in purchasing mother-child. Moreover, the test of moderation of the expenditure level on toy purchases did not have an effect on the context that was studied. Originality/value: The contribution shows that important changes are happening in the consumption behavior on the aspect of children influencing mothers, and that for Latin American contexts, the level of expenditure still does not crucially affect the causality demonstrated.Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre tipos de poder social legítimo y experto de niños preadolescentes sobre la percepción de influencia en el comportamiento de compra de sus madres en las jugueterías peruanas. La revisión de la literatura toma en consideración los conceptos de poder social y la influencia en el comportamiento familiar para luego enfocarse en el poder social dentro del comportamiento familiar con el propósito de desarrollar principalmente cuatro hipótesis sobre el comportamiento adquisitivo. Diseño / metodología / enfoque: La metodología siguió un diseño correlacional-causal transversal no experimental. Se utilizó un tamaño de muestra piloto de 67 casos. La muestra se basó en una población objetiva de madres peruanas de familias que viven en el norte de Lima y que acuden a comprar juguetes a los principales centros comerciales con sus hijos de 8 a 11 años. Recomendaciones: Los resultados muestran que el poder social experto, así como el poder social legítimo, tienen una fuerte relación. Además, ambos poderes sociales inciden en la percepción de influencia en la compra hijo-madre, pero no en la percepción de influencia en la compra madre-hijo. Además, la prueba de moderación del nivel de gasto en compra de juguetes no tuvo efecto en el contexto estudiado. Originalidad / valor: El aporte muestra que se están produciendo cambios importantes en el comportamiento de consumo en el aspecto de los niños que influyen en las madres, y que para los contextos latinoamericanos, el nivel de gasto aún no afecta de manera crucial la causalidad demostrada

José María Tejado Sebastián (coord.), Vislumbrando la Tardoantigüedad. Una mirada desde la arqueología

Review of José María Tejado Sebastián (coord.), Vislumbrando la Tardoantigüedad. Una mirada desde la arqueología.Reseña de José María Tejado Sebastián (coord.), Vislumbrando la Tardoantigüedad. Una mirada desde la arqueología

Efecto del poder social pasivo leg?timo y experto de ni?os preadolescentes sobre el proceso de decisi?n de compra de las madres en cadenas de jugueter?as de Lima

La presente investigaci?n estudia el efecto del poder social pasivo leg?timo y experto de ni?os preadolescentes sobre la decisi?n de compra de las madres en cadenas de jugueter?as de Lima. La revisi?n de literatura toma en consideraci?n los conceptos de Poder Social y la Decisi?n de Compra Familiar para luego enfocarse en los poderes sociales pasivos leg?timo y experto sobre las dos etapas de decisi?n de compra por parte de las madres, a fin de testear siete hip?tesis. La metodolog?a de investigaci?n se basa en un dise?o no experimental transversal del tipo correlacional-causal, cuya poblaci?n objetivo son las madres peruanas de familias que residen en Lima que espec?ficamente compren juguetes para preadolescentes en cadenas de jugueter?as. La t?cnica a desarrollar es de an?lisis multivariado. Complementariamente, se utiliza una prueba de moderaci?n para las variables, gasto, grado de importancia y estado civil. Los resultados muestran que existe un efecto directo del poder social pasivo leg?timo y experto sobre la etapa inicial y de decisi?n, respectivamente. Adem?s de que el gasto no genera un efecto moderador para ambos casos. Mientras que las otras dos variables restantes si presentan una moderaci?n negativa. Como contribuci?n acad?mica, esta investigaci?n pretende extender las dimensiones del poder social pasivo y su efecto sobre la decisi?n de compra familiar en un contexto de econom?a emergente latinoamericana, los cuales no han sido evaluados a profundidad. Como contribuci?n profesional, se desea encontrar hallazgos que los mercad?logos pudieran necesitar como oportunidad para mejorar el desarrollo de estrategias y t?cticas para este tipo de mercado

Equipment, educational level, uses of mobile phone of doctoral students from Pedagogic Experimental Libertador University

This article is part of a quantitative and descriptive investigation, whose main objective was to classify doctoral students from Pedagogic Experimental Libertador University (UPEL), working as teachers in different education subsystems in Venezuela. The investigation focused on the following elements from e-learning and m-learning: equipment, educational level, personal and educational use of mobile phone. As part of the methodology, multivariate analysis techniques were used: Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CATPCA) and Cluster Analysis. The results show that the doctoral students were equipped and used ICT and mobile phone in their daily lives. However, only 4% of the sample was innovative in the educational use of mobile phone, while 26% of the sample was not creative in the use of ICT on the Internet, and they did not use the mobile phone for the learning process. Likewise, 14% of the doctorates samples use very little technology in their educational practice. 98% did not have an educational level in m-learning, their only knowledge, in this area, was self-taught. They do not know in depth the educational use of ICT, and in particular, the learning opportunities offered by the mobile phone

Brain innate immunity in the regulation of neuroinflammation: therapeutic strategies by modulating cd200-cd200r interaction involve the cannabinoid system

The central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response includes an arsenal of molecules and receptors expressed by professional phagocytes, glial cells and neurons that is involved in host defence and clearance of toxic and dangerous cell debris. However, any uncontrolled innate immune responses within the CNS are widely recognized as playing a major role in the development of autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration, with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) being primary examples. Hence, it is important to identify the key regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CNS innate immunity and which could be harnessed to explore novel therapeutic avenues. Neuroimmune regulatory proteins (NIReg) such as CD95L, CD200, CD47, sialic acid, complement regulatory proteins (CD55, CD46, fH, C3a), HMGB1, may control the adverse immune responses in health and diseases. In the absence of these regulators, when neurons die by apoptosis, become infected or damaged, microglia and infiltrating immune cells are free to cause injury as well as an adverse inflammatory response in acute and chronic settings. We will herein provide new emphasis on the role of the pair CD200-CD200R in MS and its experimental models: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler?s virus induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The interest of the cannabinoid system as inhibitor of inflammation prompt us to introduce our findings about the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in promoting CD200-CD200 receptor (CD200R) interaction and the benefits caused in TMEV-IDD. Finally, we also review the current data on CD200-CD200R interaction in AD, as well as, in the aging brain.Fil: Hernangómez, Miriam. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Carrillo Salinas, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Mecha, Miriam. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Correa, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Mestre, Leyre. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Loría, Frida. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Feliú, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Docagne, Fabian. Inserm; FranciaFil: Guaza, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; Españ

Exploratory spatial analysis of transfers in Mexico

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si existe o no un patrón espacial en las transferencias intergubernamentales en México. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial como el índice de Moran global, el indicador local de asociación espacial (LISA) y el indicador local Geary. Para capturar la interacción estratégica entre los estados se utilizan diferentes matrices de contigüidad. Los principales resultados son una autocorrelación espacial positiva en las transferencias que reciben las entidades federativas en México. Esto sugiere que las trasferencias intergubernamentales asignadas han creado clústeres de estados con nivel alto de transferencias rodeados de estados con el mismo nivel de transferencias. Asimismo, de acuerdo con el indicador local de asociación espacial (LISA) solo 9 estados en México son significativos para el análisis local.The objective of this work is to analyse whether there is a spatial pattern in intergovernmental transfers in Mexico. To achieve the objective, spatial analysis tools such as the global Moran index, the local indicator of spatial association (LISA) and the local Geary indicator are used. To capture the strategic interaction between states, different contiguity matrices are used. The main results are a positive spatial autocorrelation in the transfers received by the states in Mexico. This suggests that allocated intergovernmental transfers have created clusters of states with high level of transfers surrounded by states with the same level of transfers. Likewise, according to the local spatial association indicator (LISA), only 9 states in Mexico are significant for the local analysis

MANEJO DE LA NUTRICIÓN DEL CULTIVO DE CACAO EN LA REGIÓN DE SANTO DOMINGO: ETAPA DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DEL HUERTO

A long term experiment was initiated to evaluate the effect of the nutritional management over the morphoproductive behavior of two cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivars from planting to production stabilization. The study started on March 2009, and this article reports the results obtained during the two years period of the experimental orchard establishment. The site is located at the Experimental Farm of the Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Campus Santo Domingo, Ecuador. A total of 1 130 seedlings were planted 3.5 by 3.5 m apart. Two cocoa genetic materials (National and CCN51) with 7 fertilization treatments (control, N, NP, NPK, NPKSMg + Micros, Chicken manure y NPKSMg + Micros + Chicken manure) were valuated. For the statistical analysis a completely randomized block design with a factorial arrangement (2 x 7) was utilized. The morphometric variables evaluated during the establishment period were stem diameter, and plant height and the productive variables were vigor index, incidence of witch’s broom disease (Moniliophtora perniciosa) and yield. Differences among cocoa cultivars were observed (P<0.05) ratifying the hypothesis of a greater vegetative growth of the National ETT95 cultivar over the CCN51. No treatment differences were observed (P>0.05) for witch´s broom. CCN51 cocoa yield was greater than National EET95 (P<0.05) on spite of the lower vegetative growth, suggesting that the nutrient and other metabolic compounds sink in the plant truck consolidates early in the CCN51 genetic material, condition which would promote greater yield during the adult life of the orchard. Evaluation of treatments in the experiment will continue for several years.Se diseñó un estudio a largo plazo para evaluar el efecto del manejo nutricional sobre el comportamiento morfoproductivo de dos cultivares de cacao (Theobroma cacao) desde la siembra hasta cuando el huerto estabiliza la producción. El estudio se inició en marzo del año 2009, en este artículo se reportan los datos obtenidos en dos años de establecimiento de la huerta experimental. El sitio está ubicado en la Granja Experimental de la Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Extensión Santo Domingo. Se sembraron 1 130 plantas de cacao a un distanciamiento de 3,5 x 3,5 m. Se evaluaron dos tipos de material genético (cacao Nacional y el clon CCN51) con siete tratamientos de fertilización (testigo, N, NP, NPK, NPKSMg + Micros, Gallinaza y NPKSMg + micros + Gallinaza). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial (2 x 7). Las variables morfométricas evaluadas en el periodo de establecimiento fueron diámetro del tallo y altura de planta y las variables productivas, índice de vigor, incidencia de escoba de bruja (moniliophtora perniciosa) y rendimiento. Se observaron diferencias (P<0.05) entre cultivares en altura de planta e índice de vigor ratificando la hipótesis de un mayor crecimiento vegetativo del cacao Nacional frente al CCN51. No hubo diferencia (P>0.05) de los tratamientos en la incidencia de escoba de bruja. Los rendimientos del cultivar CCN51 fueron mayores a los del cacao Nacional (P<0.05) a pesar de su menor tamaño, lo que sugiere que el sumidero de nutrientes y otros compuestos metabólicos del tronco de la planta se consolida tempranamente en el cultivar CCN51, condición que permitiría mayor acumulación de rendimiento el periodo de producción de la edad adulta de la plantación. El experimento continuará evaluándose en el campo por varios años

A Cannabigerol Derivative Suppresses Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Phytocannabinoids that do not produce psychotropic effects are considered of special interest as novel therapeutic agents in CNS diseases. A cannabigerol quinone, the compound VCE-003, has been shown to alleviate symptoms in a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, we studied T cells and macrophages as targets for VCE-003 and its efficacy in an autoimmune model of MS. Proliferation, cell cycle, expression of activation markers was assessed by FACs in human primary T cells, and cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated. Transcription was studied in Jurkat cells and RAW264.7 cells were used to study the effects of VCE-003 on IL-17-induced macrophage polarization to a M1 phenotype. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) immunization and spinal cord pathology was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Neurological impairment was evaluated using disease scores. We show here that VCE-003 inhibits CD3/CD28-induced proliferation, cell cycle progression and the expression of the IL-2Rα and ICAM-1 activation markers in human primary T cells. VCE-003 inhibits the secretion of Th1/Th17 cytokines and chemokines in primary murine T cells, and it reduces the transcriptional activity of the IL-2, IL-17 and TNFα promoters induced by CD3/CD28. In addition, VCE-003 and JWH-133, a selective CB2 agonist, dampened the IL-17-induced polarization of macrophages to a pro-inflammatory M1 profile. VCE-003 also prevented LPS-induced iNOS expression in microglia. VCE-003 ameliorates the neurological defects and the severity of MOG-induced EAE in mice through CB2 and PPARγ receptor activation. A reduction in cell infiltrates, mainly CD4+ T cells, was observed, and Th1 and Th17 responses were inhibited in the spinal cord of VCE-003-treated mice, accompanied by weaker microglial activation, structural preservation of myelin sheets and reduced axonal damage. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of VCE-003 as an agent for the treatment of human immune diseases with both inflammatory and autoimmune components

Modelo de Datos para Gestionar Cursos Impartidos por el CCPGRO

The present article describes the design of the data model to automate the processes associated with the sale and administration of courses and diplomas offered by CCPGRO (Public Accountants College of the State of Guerrero.) (CCPGRO, 2023). The design of the data model represents the first stage in developing the web system to manage all the processes related to the sale and administration of courses and diplomas. The development of the data modeling was divided into three stages, following the execution of the waterfall methodology. The first stage encompasses the analysis and definition of requirements, while the second stage presents the conceptual framework where classes, attributes, and methods are identified. The third stage results in the entity-relationship diagram, which displays the high-level data model of the database to be implemented. The obtained diagrams are created using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) (Rumbaugh, Jacobson, & Booch, 1999) and the Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) standard (Analitica, 2011).El presente artículo describe el diseño del modelo de datos para automatizar los procesos asociados a la venta y administración de cursos y diplomados que ofrece e imparte el CCPGRO (Colegio de Contadores Públicos del Estado de Guerrero) (CCPGRO, 2023). El diseño del modelo de datos representa la primera etapa para desarrollar el sistema web para gestionar todos los procesos asociados a la venta y administración de cursos y diplomados. El desarrollo del modelado de datos se dividió en tres etapas, a la par que se ejecuta la metodología cascada. Como primera etapa se muestra el análisis y definición de requerimientos; en la segunda etapa se muestra el marco conceptual donde se identifican las clases, atributos y métodos; y en la tercera etapa se muestra como resultado el diagrama entidad-relación que muestra el modelo de datos de alto nivel de la base de datos a implementar. Los diagramas obtenidos, se elaboran utilizando el Lenguaje de Modelado Unificado (UML) (Rumbaugh, Jacobson, & Booch, 1999) y el estándar BPMN (Business Process Model Notation) (Analitica, 2011)

Professional competences to promote healthy ageing across the lifespan: a scoping review

N/