Practical issues with the use of rivaroxaban

El rivaroxabán es un inhibidor oral altamente selectivo del factor Xa. Actualmente, el uso de rivaroxabán está aprobado para la prevención del tromboembolismo venoso en adultos a los que se va a realizar un reemplazo electivo tanto de rodilla como de cadera, para el tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda y embolia de pulmón y la prevención secundaria a largo plazo del tromboembolismo venoso, y para la prevención del ictus y del embolismo sistémico en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. El rivaroxabán posee múltiples ventajas sobre los antagonistas de la vitamina K, y esto puede facilitar su uso en la práctica clínica. En consecuencia, es probable que los nuevos anticoagulantes cambien las estrategias de manejo de los pacientes que requieran anticoagulación. Por otra parte, el rivaroxabán tiene algunas particularidades que es necesario conocer. El objetivo de este artículo ha sido revisar el uso del rivaroxabán no solo en la población general, sino también en diferentes subgrupos de pacientes y situaciones clínicas, para así lograr un manejo óptimo de este fármaco en la práctica clínica diari

The problem of underdosing with direct-acting oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Unless contraindicated, anticoagulant therapy should be prescribed to elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are superior to vitamin K antagonists for preventing stroke. This, together with their higher net clinical benefit, makes DOACs the treatment of choice in this population. However, due to the concerns about bleeding and the need for dose adjustment based on clinical variables, underdosing of DOACs is common and the risk of stroke high. Drugs with more easily adjusted doses are likely associated with a lower risk of dosing errors and, therefore, a greater protective effect. Correct dosing can ensure a maximal net benefit of DOACs in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation

Selecting and Customizing a Mereology Ontology for its Reuse in a Pharmaceutical Product Ontology

This paper presents our experience in reusing mereology ontologies in a Pharmaceutical Product ontology, an ontology built by the EU NeOn project. It shows a set of mereology ontologies implemented in different machine interpretable languages and analyzes them according to the different types of mereology identified by Varzi. Then, it describes the specifications of mereology modeling necessities for Pharmaceutical Product. Finally, it presents the ontology which fits best with the specifications. One of the results of this work is a procedure to reuse general (also called common) ontologies

Methodological guidelines for reusing general ontologies

Currently, there is a great deal of well-founded explicit knowledge formalizing general notions, such as time concepts and the part_of relation. Yet, it is often the case that instead of reusing ontologies that implement such notions (the so-called general ontologies), engineers create procedural programs that implicitly implement this knowledge. They do not save time and code by reusing explicit knowledge, and devote effort to solve problems that other people have already adequately solved. Consequently, we have developed a methodology that helps engineers to: (a) identify the type of general ontology to be reused; (b) find out which axioms and definitions should be reused; (c) make a decision, using formal concept analysis, on what general ontology is going to be reused; and (d) adapt and integrate the selected general ontology in the domain ontology to be developed. To illustrate our approach we have employed use-cases. For each use case, we provide a set of heuristics with examples. Each of these heuristics has been tested in either OWL or Prolog. Our methodology has been applied to develop a pharmaceutical product ontology. Additionally, we have carried out a controlled experiment with graduated students doing a MCs in Artificial Intelligence. This experiment has yielded some interesting findings concerning what kind of features the future extensions of the methodology should have

EFFECTS OF LOUVERS SHADING DEVICES ON VISUAL COMFORT AND ENERGY DEMAND OF AN OFFICE BUILDING. A CASE OF STUDY

This paper evaluates the building energy demand and visual comfort of a real case with a glazed façade office building placed in Málaga (Mediterranean city in the south of Spain). South oriented facades receive such a high solar gain that cooling demand cannot be handled by the current HVAC system. As an environmental friendly solution, a shading control strategy based on vertical and horizontal louvers is proposed. The study consists of a comparison between the actual and the refurbished building with shading devices. Daylighting simulation is done with Daysim (Daysim, 2016). A group of offices with south, east and north oriented facades is chosen for the study. Horizontal louvers in the south façade and vertical louvers in the east facade are modelled and simulated. The simulation changes the angle of the louver: 0º (perpendicular to the glazing), -30º, 30º, -60º, 60º. Visual comfort parameters analyzed are: illuminance, daylight autonomy (DA) and useful daylight index (UDI). With respect to the thermal comfort, not only louvers orientation try to provide solar protection for glazed areas in cooling period but also maximize solar gains in heating period. However, an excessive daylight could affect discomfort glare. Shading control strategy must provide the equilibrium between both aspects. Thermal demand is calculated with Trnsys (TRNSYS, 2016).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

OBOE: an Explainable Text Classification Framework

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained visibility as one of the main topics of Artificial Intelligence research due to, among others, the need to provide a meaningful justification of the reasons behind the decision of black-box algorithms. Current approaches are based on model agnostic or ad-hoc solutions and, although there are frameworks that define workflows to generate meaningful explanations, a text classification framework that provides such explanations considering the different ingredients involved in the classification process (data, model, explanations, and users) is still missing. With the intention of covering this research gap, in this paper we present a text classification framework called OBOE (explanatiOns Based On concEpts), in which such ingredients play an active role to open the black-box. OBOE defines different components whose implementation can be customized and, thus, explanations are adapted to specific contexts. We also provide a tailored implementation to show the customization capability of OBOE. Additionally, we performed (a) a validation of the implemented framework to evaluate the performance using different corpora and (b) a user-based evaluation of the explanations provided by OBOE. The latter evaluation shows that the explanations generated in natural language express the reason for the classification results in a way that is comprehensible to non-technical users

Corruption, the shadow economy and innovation in Spanish regions

[EN] The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of corruption and the shadow economy on innovation in the Spanish regions between 2000 and 2012. For this purpose, we use different proxies to approximate corruption and the shadow economy. We find evidence that corruption negatively influences innovation according to the results of the estimations. Regarding the effect of the shadow economy on innovation, the results also suggest that tax fraud, which is directly related to underground activities, leads to a decrease in regional innovationS

Current trends on the early diagnosis of Alzheimer\u27s Disease by means of neural computation methods

The prevalence of dementia is expected to increment in the next decades as the elderly population grows and ages. Hence, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), as the most frequent dementia, will be more problematic from a socioeconomic point of view. Different diagnostic criteria have been proposed by clinicians for the early diagnosis of AD. After discarding the longitudinal and prognosis articles, a selection of articles from the last decade and based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was collated from the PubMed database, and complemented with researches extracted from others. The latest trends on this field were discovered in these selected articles, which were later discussed. Only articles based whether on shallow ANNs, Deep Learning (DL) or a mix of both were included. The total number of cross-sectional articles that complied with our selection criteria was 154. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) combined with neuroimaging has been the most popular approach, yielding very good performance results. Approaches based on non- neuroimaging techniques, such as gait, genetics, speech and neuropsychological tests, were less common but have their own advantages. Multimodality solutions may become even more prevalent in the near future. Similarly, novel diagnostic criteria will appear and the popularity of currently not-so-common ones will expand. A new proposal emerged from these trends, which is based on ontogenetic ANNs

The Role of INAPERTURATE POLLEN1 as a Pollen Aperture Factor Is Conserved in the Basal Eudicot Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae)

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CGL2015-70290-P to VS-S) and by the US National Science Foundation (MCB-1817835 to AD). IM-A was supported by a predoctoral grant (F.P.I. program) from the Spanish Government. BK was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTC20050) and DH was supported by Czech Science Foundation (project 21-15856S).Pollen grains show an enormous variety of aperture systems. What genes are involved in the aperture formation pathway and how conserved this pathway is in angiosperms remains largely unknown. INAPERTURATE POLLEN1 (INP1) encodes a protein of unknown function, essential for aperture formation in Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Yet, because INP1 sequences are quite divergent, it is unclear if their function is conserved across angiosperms. Here, we conducted a functional study of the INP1 ortholog from the basal eudicot Eschscholzia californica (EcINP1) using expression analyses, virus-induced gene silencing, pollen germination assay, and transcriptomics. We found that EcINP1 expression peaks at the tetrad stage of pollen development, consistent with its role in aperture formation, which occurs at that stage, and showed, via gene silencing, that the role of INP1 as an important aperture factor extends to basal eudicots. Using germination assays, we demonstrated that, in Eschscholzia, apertures are dispensable for pollen germination. Our comparative transcriptome analysis of wildtype and silenced plants identified over 900 differentially expressed genes, many of them potential candidates for the aperture pathway. Our study substantiates the importance of INP1 homologs for aperture formation across angiosperms and opens up new avenues for functional studies of other aperture candidate genes.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CGL2015-70290-PNational Science Foundation (NSF) MCB-1817835Spanish Government European CommissionMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTC20050Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 21-15856