The resurrection of Antoni Gaudí in post-war media : a critical chronology: 1945–1965

The Post-war time coincides with the rehabilitation of Antoni Gaudí, a process closely linked to the spread of his architecture on a global scale. Although Gaudí’s historiography has paid specific attention to some outstanding episodes of this rehabilitation, these have not been shared from the outlook of the media apparatus that sustains them, following a temporal cadence that favours their relational reading from a critical perspective. The Post-war “resurrection” of Gaudí cannot be separated from the large number of publications, exhibitions, photographic series and even films that shaped his figure according to the interests of time: a media operation, not neutral at all, which explains, to a great extent, the treatment that the architect and his work still receive today.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Immigration and citizenship from Ken Loach´s approach

[Resumen]: Tomando como referencia una producción cinematográfica particular, la del cineasta británico Ken Loach (Nuneaton, 1936), abordamos en este artículo el tema de la inmigración reflejado en dos de sus películas: Pan y Rosas (2000) y Solo un beso (2004). Cuestiones como la inmigración ilegal, las segundas generaciones inmigrantes, la multiculturalidad, la adaptación y el mestizaje (dentro de un contexto anglosajón) son algunos de los temas que se tratan en estos filmes y que sacan a relucir la problemática que conlleva el concepto de ciudadanía en la actualidad. Desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente (aunque no solo) económica en Pan y Rosas y cultural en Solo un beso, observamos los mecanismos de inclusión y exclusión que configuran la posición del inmigrante en la sociedad contemporánea. El análisis detallado de las escenas, diálogos y personajes de las citadas películas intentará recoger el discurso crítico de este realizador, prestando atención a las cuestiones más significativas desde un punto de vista sociológico[Abstract]: Using British Ken Loach´s (Nuneaton 1936) particular cinematographic production as reference, this paper addresses the immigration subject reflected in two of his films: Bread and Roses (2000) and Ae Fond Kiss (2004). Ilegal inmigration, second-generation immigrants, multiculturalism, integration and mixture matters (seeing within an Anglo Saxon context), are some issues these films deal with bringing out the nowadays citizenship definition problem. Inclusion and exclusion mechanisms which set up the immigrant position into Contemporary Society are depicted in both films, mainly (but not exclusively) from an economic point of view in Bread and Roses and from a cultural perspective in Ae Fond Kiss. The thorough analysis of dialogues, scenes and characters on both movies aims to highlight the critical speech of this filmmaker emphasizing the more meaningful sociological questions

Optimized Design of Hot Water Storage in Solar Thermal Cooling Facilities

Solar thermal installations can provide a significant contribution to the energy needs of cooling demand of single family buildings. Unfortunately oversizing facility elements is not uncommon. Most of the design flaws concern collector field or auxiliary elements, such as backup boilers or electric resistances inside storage devices. This leads to lower than expected facility COP and SCOP, but also higher cost. Customer dissatisfaction is the result. This paper presents a numerical model of the multiple purpose solar thermal facility installed at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) using the TRNSYS® tool. The solar cooling facility (http://termica.uc3m.es/solar.htm) is completely monitored for its performance characterization in the production of AC, DHW and heating. Operational data for various summer seasons have been recorded, simultaneously with 7 meteorological variables. The experimental facility includes a single effect BrLi absorption chiller working at part load under summer season. TRNSYS is a completely feasible platform for simulating solar facilities and is commonly used by researchers and planners, for its simplicity and ease manipulation. This simulation tool contains general solar cooling elements found in most experimental facilities and has been kept as simple as possible. The model developed aims at analyzing facility elements in order to resize collector field and storage volumes. Furthermore it allows studying different configurations of the facility and the control schemes. These configurations include different hot water storage capacities within the facility allowing comparing with the facility without any kind of storage excepting its own thermal inertia. The simulation has been validated with instantaneous and seasonal experimental data for different summer seasons including 2003, 2004 and 2005. Simulation results show that there is a hot storage tank capacity that optimizes the facility in terms of COP, SCOP and total cold produced. Even with no storage at all, the facility still improves its behavior from current operating conditions. Simulation and experimental results are compared and an optimum configuration of the facility is proposed.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - ITEA Research GroupPublicad

Notas sobre la organería en Vizcaya durante el s. XVIII. Aportación documental

La contribución de los organeros vascos a la definitiva configuración del formato del llamado órgano ibérico es fundamental en el último tercio del siglo XVII. La documentación prueba que, a causa de su actividad constructora en esas fechas, los Órganos de Castilla empiezan a adoptar la disposición de algunos tubos de lengua en batalla, y la de otros en arcas de ecos. La tendencia en estos organeros vascos y en todos los que desde ese momento siguieron sus directrices estéticas parece ser la de disminuir los tubos colocados sobre su viento para aumentar, proporciomalmente, los tubos apostados. El tema ha sido tratado con encomiable rigor por D. Louis Jambou, que ha examinado exhaustivamente la documentación correspondiente a los instrumentos construidos en Castilla. Sin embargo, en el País Vasco no se ha realizado la investigación correspondiente que nos permitiera averiguar la causa de tan sorprendente emigración. Los organeros vascos no sólo salen del país, sino que llevan consigo dos de las tres características que el mismo Sr. Jambou considera como las distintivas y específicas del Órgano cribérico)

Simulation of an absorption based solar cooling facility using a geothermal sink for heat rejection

An important issue of solar cooling facilities based on absorption cycles and sometimes not given the necessary attention is the recooling process of the absorber and condenser. This is critical in the overall behaviour of the facility because the condensation and absorption temperatures will affect the COP and cooling capacity of the chiller. Most of the time the recooling process is made by using a wet cooling tower in a closed loop through the absorber and condenser. The use of a wet cooling tower gives good results in terms of cooling capacity and COP, but presents some health risk, like legionella, and its use is restricted to the industrial sector and places where water scarcity is not present. This paper presents the modification of the already validated TRNSYS simulation of a solar cooling facility, implementing a geothermal heat sink instead of the wet cooling tower in order to dissipate the heat generated internally in the absorption chiller. Simulation results shows that a geothermal heat sink composed of 6 boreholes of 100 meters of depth should be sufficient in order to substitute the wet cooling tower, for a typical Spanish single family dwelling.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - ITEA Research GroupPublicad

Daylighting Performance of Solar Control Films for Hospital Buildings in a Mediterranean Climate

One of the main retrofitting strategies in warm climates is the reduction of the effects of solar radiation. Cooling loads, and in turn, cooling consumption, can be reduced through the implementation of reflective materials such as solar control films. However, these devices may also negatively affect daylight illuminance conditions and the electric consumption of artificial lighting systems. In a hospital building, it is crucial to meet daylighting requirements as well as indoor illuminance levels and visibility from the inside, as these have a significant impact on health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence on natural illuminance conditions of a solar control film installed on the windows of a public hospital building in a Mediterranean climate. To this end, a hospital room, with and without solar film, was monitored for a whole year. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the use of artificial lighting, illuminance levels and rolling shutter aperture levels, as well as an analysis of natural illuminance and electric consumption of the artificial lighting system. The addition of a solar control film to the external surface of the window, in combination with the user-controlled rolling shutter aperture levels, has reduced the electric consumption of the artificial lighting system by 12.2%. Likewise, the solar control film has increased the percentage of annual hours with natural illuminance levels by 100–300 lux

La adquisición de competencias en la materia de atletismo a través de metodologías activas: el aprendizaje por protectos

El presente proyecto constituye una estrategia de enseñanza que pretende elaborar un modelo de instrucción auténtico en el que los estudiantes planean, implementan y evalúan proyectos que tienen aplicación en el mundo real deportivo, del atletismo, más allá del aula de clase (Blank, 1997; Dickinson, et al, 1998; Harwell, 1997). Para ello, se recomiendan actividades de enseñanza interdisciplinarias, de largo plazo y centradas en el estudiante, en lugar de lecciones cortas y aisladas, tales como estudios de diferentes disciplinas y niveles de entrenamiento deportivo del mundo del atletismo, pero, siempre sobre el terreno, desarrollando proyectos con atletas de diferentes categorías, y donde los alumnos y alumnas han encontrado su referente de estudio y su centro de interés.This project is a teaching strategy that aims to develop an authentic instructional model in which students plan, implement and evaluate projects that have application in the real world sports, athletics, beyond the classroom (Blank, 1997; Dickinson, et al, 1998; Harwell, 1997). To this end, we recommend interdisciplinary teaching activities, long-term and student-centered, rather than short, isolated lessons, such as studies of various disciplines and levels of athletic training from the world of athletics, but always on the ground, developing projects with athletes from different categories, and where the students have found their benchmark study and its focus

La enseñanza de la gramática: las relaciones entre la reflexión y el uso lingüístico

El artículo se centra en la relación didáctica entre la gramática, entendida como reflexión sobre la lengua, y la mejora del uso lingüístico. Para ello, se aborda, en primer lugar la finalidad de la enseñanza de las lenguas en los currículos escolares y el papel que se atribuye a la reflexión gramatical en ellos. A continuación, se muestra la importancia de las investigaciones sobre la actividad metalingüística de los hablantes para un planteamiento de la gramática en función del uso. Por último, se revisan algunas vías exploradas por la investigación didáctica en relación con lo que sucede en las aulas (cómo aprenden los alumnos, cómo intervienen los profesores, qué contenidos se trasladan al aula) y en relación con los planteamientos que apuntan al desarrollo de la conciencia metalingüística y muestran la viabilidad de nuevas formas de intervención en el aula. Palabras clave: didáctica de la gramática, reflexión sobre la lengua, actividad metalingüística, atención a la forma, relación entre gramática y us