Efektivitas terapi farmaka dibanding operatif pada glaukoma primer sudut terbuka

ABSTRACT Two problems arising in determining an appropriate glaucoma therapy are when to treat and how to treat. Open-angle glaucoma is treated when damage to the optic nerve has been demonstrated in the form of progressive pathologic cupping and or characteristic visual field defects, or when pressure is elevated to an extent that is likely to cause damage to the optic nerve. On the other hand, the interrelationship between medical and surgical therapy (argon laser trabeculoplasty & drainage surgery) is complex. Initial treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has commonly been medical, with surgery undertaken only if medical treatment fails or is not well tolerated. However, this assumption is currently under studyin some cases initial surgery may prove to be more beneficial. Hence, review article was made to prove how beneficial medical or surgical treatment is. Key words: Primary open-angle glaucoma - medical therapy - argon laser trabeculoplasty - drainage surgery Masalah besar dalam tatalaksana glaukoma adalah: kapan dilakukan terapi dan pilihan terapi. Pada glaukoma primer sudut terbuka dilakukan terapi bila telah ditemui bukti kerusakan saraf optik seperti perubahan diskus patologis, gangguan lapang pandangan, dan peninggian tekanan intra okular (TIO) yang progresif. Di pihak lain, pilihan tindakan bedah (trabekuloplasti dengan laser argon dan operasi drainage) atau terapi farmaka sangat kompleks. Umumnya, terapi awal glaukoma primer sudut terbuka adalah farmaka, tindakan bedah dilakukan bila ditemui kegagalan atau intoleransi terapi farmaka. Meskipun begitu, asumsi ini perlu studi lebih lanjut, sebab dalam beberapa kasus tindakan bedah saat awal terbukti lebih menguntungkan. Berdasar kenyataan tersebut, dilakukan review article untuk membuktikan sejauh mana keuntungan terapi farmaka atau operatif pada glaukoma primer sudut terbuk

Letak Chalazion

ABSTRACT Chalazion cases attending the Eye Clinic of the Gadjah Mada University had been collected during 1978. It was found that the incidence of chalazion was 1,78%. Chalazion at the upper palpebra are more frequent than at the lower. Key Words: chalazion - blepharitis - palpebra - Meibomian glands - excochleatio

The Indonesian Experience In The Kampong Improvement Programme\u27

ABSTRACT Kampong Improvement Programme (widely known as KIP) in Indonesia, which was initiated as early as more than 50 years ago (1930). had attracted international recognition. In 1981 and 1986. KIP had received Aga Khan Awards for Architecture, for its outstanding performance in upgrading the formerly uncontrolled and under-serviced housing of the low income urban communities. The Indonesian Government had adapted a basic housing policy of progressive housing development, derived from the actual practices of Kampong dwellers, with a conciliatory and accommodating attitude. Despite some minor negative aspects due to the lack of integrated approach and coordination among the closely related institutions. KIP in Indonesia had proven its success. particularly in the revitalization of urban karnpongs. Kata Kunci.: improvement programme - urban kampong

The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment, Organizational Learning Climate and Corporate Performance

Facing today’s business fierce competition,companies have to adopt an organizational learningclimate as this kind of climate enhances employees toshare knowledge continuously to achieve their bestperformance. Apart from their competence- in line withliterature- managers have to be affectively committed toresult in their best performance. Both the organizationallearning climate and managers’ affective commitment areassumed to have a positive effect on the corporateperformance. In addition, high job satisfaction is indicatedto be positively correlated with affective commitment andlearning climate. This study aims to find out thecorrelation between job satisfaction and affectivecommitment; between affective commitment andcorporate performance, and between organizationallearning climate and corporate performance. Based onstatistical analysis, this study found out that jobsatisfaction is significantly correlated with affectivecommitment. Both affective commitment andorganizational learning climate have a positive correlationwith corporate performance. However, applying step-wiselinier multiple regression analysis, the affectivecommitment contributed around forty-four percenttowards the corporate performance. Therefore, affectivecommitment plays a very important role in achieving highcorporate performance

EVALUASI DAN RENCANA PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH PDAM KABUPATEN SRAGEN DAERAH PELAYANAN KECAMATAN SIDOHARJO

Sub Sidoharjo in Sragen, Central Java Province, with the number of villages as many as 12 villages and the planning area as much as six villages. District population growth rate is 0.19% Sidoharjo per year. Increasing population and development needs of the region led to the fulfillment of public facilities such as clean water supplies have also increased. At this time, Water Unit serving Sidoharjo 6.7% of the population of Sub Sidoharho and has a production capacity of wells in a 20 l / s with a duration of service for 24 hours. Based on the results of the evaluation and analysis, there are some things that need to be done to improve the existing system in order to develop clean water supply systems. Development planned for the year 2009 - 2019 with the improvement of services to reach 2-3% per year and the year 2019 reached 39.13%. For the development of raw water sources are wells pungkruk increase capacity to 40 liters / second and the location of wells in addition to the purwosuman flow 20 liters / second. Keywords: water supply, evaluation, development, service

PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN

Komunikasi ilmiah dalam berbagai bentuknya menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata dalam setiap kcgiatan kerja dari para ilmuwan dan peneliti (masyarakat ilmiah). Abelson editor darimajalah "Science" bahkan dengan tandas mengatakan bahwa "tanpa komunikasi tak akan ada ilmu". Penelitian di Amerika Serikat menunjukkan bahwa para pencliti dan ilmuwan harus mencurahkan l/4 bahkan 215 dari waktunya untuk mcngadakankomunikasi ilmiah. Bentuk komunikasi ilmiah yang paling mempengaruhi kegiatan masyarakat ilmiah adalah komunikasi formal dan informal. Kedua bentuk komunikasi ini merupakan dua elemen yang saling tergantung satu sama lain. Informasi bagi kegiatan ilmu dan teknologi tidak cukup hanya diperoleh dari komunikasi informal saja atau informasi informal saja, karena masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan sendiri-sendiri

Studies of compressive forces on L5/S1 during dynamic manual lifting

The lifting task is the major activity contributing to the risk of lower back injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical stresses on the lower back during manual lifting and to analyze how people adapt to the stresses. This purpose was accomplished by approaching the mechanical stresses on the lower back from three different perspectives. The effects of manual lifting tasks were measured as: the fatigued condition, the knowledge of load and the previous lifts, and effort in lifting over a constraining barrier. A biomechanical model (linked segment and rigid body) was applied to estimate the peak compressive forces at the L5/S1 (lower back) joint during the manual lifting tasks. Three-dimensional locations of joint markers were digitized using a Peak Video and Analog Motion Measurement System. A strain-gage force platform was used to determine the location, direction and magnitude of external ground reaction forces acting on the feet. The peak compressive forces at the lower back were insignificantly different when individuals were fatigued. Some individuals increased and others decreased when they were fatigued. Individuals tended to lift faster and bring the load closer to the body when fatigued. Individuals applied different techniques of lifting when they were fatigued. Individuals lifted and adapted differently during the subsequent lifts when lifting known or unknown loads of different masses. Lifting under an unknown condition generated greater stresses on the lower back, especially when the load was light. When lifting a light load, individuals adapted to the lifts by bringing the load closer to the body, which reduced the stresses on the lower back. However, when the load was heavy, individuals adapted the lifts by changing the lifting technique, which did not reduce the stresses on the lower back. Lifting over a constraint barrier developed greater forces on the lower back. Individuals required more flexing of the lower back and less bending of the knees when lifting over the barrier. Individuals adapt to their internal or external lifting environment. These adaptations can increase or decrease the peak compressive forces

Sistem Pemerintahan Kerajaan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Arsitektur Bali

. Talking about the royal government system in Bali, it cannot be separated by the influence of Hindu religion. The concept of classic country in Indonesia had been affected by the two centers of civilization, namely Indian and China, particularly on the issue of cosmic-magical, numbers and figures, sacred objects, leaders, geography, and other positions. System of royal government in Bali had began from the days of the Ancient Bali to Early Independence era. The peak of the victory had occured at the era of Majapahit after the expedition of Gajah Mada in conquering Bali. Influence of Hindu religion, especially after the arrival of Reverend from East Java: Empu Kuturan and Dang Hyang Nirartha / Dang Hyang Dwijendra was very dominating on the development and improvement of aspect of life and system of royal government in Bali. The influence also affected the development of architecture in both building types Parahyangan, Pawongan or Palemahan. At early time, mostly palaces in Bali have called "Pura" such as: Linggarsa Pura (Samprangan, Gianyar), Sweca Pura (Gelgel) and Semara Pura (Klungkung), after several generations of power in Klungkung have undertaken designation change: Pura for building which has a function as a sacred place/ Kahyangan and Puri for building which has function for Pawongan building/ palace