elementos para um estudo diacrónico

UID/LIN/03213/2013The work proposed here has as general objective to contribute to a characterization of the values ​​expressed by the "futuro do passado / condicional" (COND) in past sentences of Portuguese, hoping to provide some relevant elements for the diachronic study of this verbal paradigm. I will synthesize some data on the formation of Romance languages ​​(section 1) and briefly describe their functioning in the contemporary language (Section 2). The central section of the paper (section 3) presents and describes occurrences of COND using data collected in texts from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. On the latter aspect, I intend to include in my study data that contribute to clarify the relation / contrast between COND and the simple past-perfect (section 4),authorsversionpublishe

Haver (mais-que-perfeito simples) de + infinitivo em duas crónicas de Zurara

Pest-OE/LIN/UI3213/2014This paper focuses on the study of a particular construction – haver ‘have’ (simple pluperfect) de (preposition) + infinitive – in two Portuguese texts dating from late 15th century. Since it combines values inherent to the pluperfect – past in the past – and to haver de – posteriority – the construction has a value of a ‘future in the past’. Part of the attestations of haver de + infinitive, however, show a nonactualization reading, while others appear to be ambiguous in what concerns the actualization / nonactualization of the situation. I argue that the very specific value(s) of this construction, with a predictable low frequency, impose a careful selection of the textual sources to be used, on the basis of their genre characteristics. I show furthermore that in some cases the accurate interpretation of the value expressed by a particular occurrence is only triggered by the narrative sequence, and thus the need to pay close attention to the specificity of the texts to be studied, given that they constitute the only witnesses to the ‘grammar’ of past language stages.publishersversionpublishe

Comente o seguinte texto-fonte

UID/LIN/03213/2013In this short paper I focus on linguistic commentaries of ancient Portuguese texts (Castro 1991; 2006) and I try to show that this type of activity may constitute a useful and relevant method to inspire the discussion of language change topics. I comment on variants between the two remnant testimonies of Testamento de Afonso II (1214) (the most ancient royal text written in Portuguese) to illustrate the discussion.publishersversionpublishe

nótula sobre "passados"

UID/LIN/03213/2013Focusing on the representation of language change, I argue that language change is representable only through its interpretation. I briefly describe the diachrony of two Portuguese ‘past’ verbal paradigms – the ‘future in the past’ (conditional) and the ‘past in the past’ (pluperfect) – emphasizing the interpretation of some aspects of their evolutions as the result of ‘competition’, which determines the manifestations of change as persistence vs. obsolesce tendencies.publishersversionpublishe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Perfil dos alunos à saída da escolaridade obrigatória

O Perfil dos Alunos à Saída da Escolaridade Obrigatória, homologado pelo Despachon.º 6478/2017, 26 de julho, afirma-se como referencial para as decisões a adotar por decisorese atores educativos ao nível dos estabelecimentos de educação e ensino e dos organismosresponsáveis pelas políticas educativas, constituindo-se como matriz comum para todas asescolas e ofertas educativas no âmbito da escolaridade obrigatória, designadamente ao nívelcurricular, no planeamento, na realização e na avaliação interna e externa do ensino e daaprendizagem