Étude interdisciplinaire des naïskoi du Musée d’Histoire de Marseille

Le présent article expose les résultats des analyses pétrographiques et physico-chimiques menées sur les petits édicules archaïques en calcaire, pour certains peints, découverts au xixe siècle à Marseille, grâce à une collaboration interdisciplinaire mise en place dans le cadre d’une étude archéologique.The present paper presents the results of petrographic and physico-chemical analyses carried out on small Archaic limestone aedicula – some of which were painted – discovered in Marseille in the 19th century. This interdisciplinary, collaborative project was set up within the framework of an archaeological study

Stable carbon isotopic composition of Mytilus edulis shells: relation to metabolism, salinity, d13CDIC and phytoplankton.

Abstract Bivalve shells can potentially record the carbon isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (d 13 C DIC ) in estuarine waters, thereby providing information about past estuarine biogeochemical cycles. However, the fluid from which these animals calcify is a 'pool' of metabolic CO 2 and external dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The incorporation of respired 13 Cdepleted carbon into the skeletons of aquatic invertebrates is well documented, and may affect the d 13 C record of the skeleton. Typically, less than 10% of the carbon in the skeleton is metabolic in origin, although higher amounts have been reported. If this small offset is more or less constant, large biogeochemical gradients in estuaries may be recorded in the d 13 C value of bivalve shells. In this study, it is assessed if the d 13 C values of Mytilus edulis shells can be used as a proxy of d 13 C DIC as well as providing an indication of salinity. First, the d 13 C values of respired CO 2 (d 13 C R ) were considered using the d 13 C values of soft tissues as a proxy for d 13 C R . Along the strong biogeochemical gradient of the Scheldt estuary (The NetherlandsBelgium), d 13 C R was linearly related to d 13 C DIC (r 2 = 0.87), which in turn was linearly related to salinity (r 2 = 0.94). The mussels were highly selective, assimilating most of their carbon from phytoplankton out of the total particulate organic carbon (POC) pool. However, on a seasonal basis, tissue d 13 C varied differently than d 13 C DIC and d 13 C POC , most likely due to lipid content of the tissue. All shells contained less than 10% metabolic carbon, but ranged from near zero to 10%, thus excluding the use of d 13 C in these shells as a robust d 13 C DIC or salinity proxy. As an example, an error in salinity of about 5 would have been made at one site. Nevertheless, large changes in d 13 C DIC (>2&) can be determined using M. edulis shell d 13 C

Drug inhibition of HDAC3 and epigenetic control of differentiation in Apicomplexa parasites

Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are parasites of major medical importance that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum of protozoa. These parasites transform into various stages during their life cycle and express a specific set of proteins at each stage. Although little is yet known of how gene expression is controlled in Apicomplexa, histone modifications, particularly acetylation, are emerging as key regulators of parasite differentiation and stage conversion. We investigated the anti-Apicomplexa effect of FR235222, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We show that FR235222 is active against a variety of Apicomplexa genera, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, and is more potent than other HDACi's such as trichostatin A and the clinically relevant compound pyrimethamine. We identify T. gondii HDAC3 (TgHDAC3) as the target of FR235222 in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and demonstrate the crucial role of the conserved and Apicomplexa HDAC-specific residue TgHDAC3 T99 in the inhibitory activity of the drug. We also show that FR235222 induces differentiation of the tachyzoite (replicative) into the bradyzoite (nonreplicative) stage. Additionally, via its anti-TgHDAC3 activity, FR235222 influences the expression of ∼370 genes, a third of which are stage-specifically expressed. These results identify FR235222 as a potent HDACi of Apicomplexa, and establish HDAC3 as a central regulator of gene expression and stage conversion in Toxoplasma and, likely, other Apicomplexa

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychotropic drug consumption

International audienceImportance Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health, there is no comprehensive longitudinal study of the entire population of a country without selection bias. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription of psychotropic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from the French national health data system (SNDS). Design, settings, and participants Prescriptions for psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics) from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2021 were collected from administrative data provided by the SNDS. This database includes more than 99% of the French population, i.e., 67 million people. The data were analyzed using an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) model. Main outcomes and measures Consumption of psychotropic drugs was aggregated in months and expressed in number of boxes per thousand inhabitants. Results During the study period, more than 1.3 billion boxes of psychotropic medications were dispensed. Comparison of psychotropic drug dispensing before and after the pandemic showed a relative increase of 0.76 (95 CI 0.57 to 0.95, p <0.001) boxes per month per thousand inhabitants, all classes of psychotropic drugs combined. Three classes saw their consumption increase in an almost similar proportion, respectively, by 0.23 (0.15 to 0.32, p <0.001) boxes for antidepressants, 0.27 (0.20 to 0.34, p <0.001) boxes for anxiolytics and 0.23 (0.17 to 0.30, p <0.001) boxes for hypnotics. The change in antipsychotic consumption was very small, with an increase of 0.04 boxes (0.02 to 0.06, p = 0.001) per month per thousand population. Conclusion and relevance The COVID-19 pandemic had led to an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs, confirming the significant impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the general population

Biomolecules from olive pruning waste in Sierra Mágina - Engaging the energy transition by multi-actor and multidisciplinary analyses

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552The price volatility of fossil resources, the uncertainty of their long-term availability and the environmental, climatic and societal problems posed by their operation lead to the need of an energy transition enabling the development and utilization of other alternative and sustainable resources. Acknowledging that indirect land-use change can increase greenhouse gas emission, the European Union (EU) has reshaped its biofuel policy. It has set criteria for sustainability to ensure that the use of biofuels guarantees real carbon savings and protects biodiversity. From a sustainability perspective, biofuels and bioliquids offer indeed both advantages (e.g., more secure energy supply, emission reductions, reduced air pollution and production of high added-value molecules) as well as risks (monocultures, reduced biodiversity and even higher emissions through land use change). Approaching economic, environmental and social sustainability at the local level and in an integrated way should help to maximize benefits and minimize risks. This approach has been adopted and is described in the present work that combines chemical, biological, social and territorial studies on the management of pruning waste residues from olive trees in the Sierra Mágina in Spain. The biological and social analyses helped to orientate the research towards an attractive chemical process based on extraction and pyrolysis, in which high added value molecules are recovered and in which the residual biochar may be used as pathogen-free fertilizer. In this region where farmers face declining economic margins, the new intended method may both solve greenhouse gas emission problems and provide farmers with additional revenues and convenient fertilizers. Further research with a larger partnership will consolidate the results and tackle issues such as the logistics

Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 exchange in the mangrove dominated Guayas river delta, Ecuador

Although estuaries are considered important pathways in the global carbon cycle, carbon dynamics in tropical estuaries is relatively understudied. Here, the tidal, seasonal and spatial variability of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), among other biogeochemical variables related to carbon cycling, were studied in the Guayas river delta (Ecuador) to document the sources, processing and fluxes of these carbon forms. All variables were studied during a semi-diurnal (13 hour) tidal cycle and along river transects at low and high tides, all carried out during one dry and rainy season. POC and total suspended matter (TSM) strongly covaried and peaked at high tidal flow velocities during a tidal cycle and at high river discharge during the rainy season, suggesting that resuspension of bottom sediments and/or surface erosion in the river catchment were a dominant source of particulate matter in the water column. The δ13C of POC, (from ~-22‰ to ~-27‰) showed an increasing contribution of marine phytoplankton to the POC pool as moving downstream along the delta during the dry season. Upstream DIC concentrations (~1200 μmol L-1) were high in the Guayas river delta as compared to other tropical estuarine systems, and the δ13C of DIC revealed a shift from a more phytoplankton dominated source in the dry season and downstream (~-4‰) to a relatively more terrestrial source in the rainy season and upstream (~-12.5‰). Both DIC and its δ13C showed slight but consistent deviations from conservative mixing that hint at inputs of 13C depleted DIC from mineralization along the delta. High values of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observed upstream and in the rainy season (~5250 μatm), associated with O2 undersaturation (~60%) and low δ13CDIC, suggest a strongly heterotrophic system, and resulted in high CO2 efflux to the atmosphere. CH4 concentrations were also higher during the rainy than dry season (93.5±62.5 vs. 61.3±39.5 nmol L-1), but unlike pCO2, showed tidal variations similar to TSM and POC, thus alluding to potential CH4 release from sediments during resuspension events at high tidal flow velocities. This explorative survey revealed complex drivers and biogeochemical processes acting upon various spatio-temporal scales which are necessary to consider for a complete understanding of the carbon biogeochemistry in estuarine systems. Similar surveys on estuarine carbon in data scarce regions are encouraged to constrain uncertainties in coastal zone carbon budgets

Synthesis of a new spirocyclic γ-lactam derivatives from 3-halogeno-3-trifluoroacetyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinones

3-Bromo and 3-chloro-3-trifluoroacetyl-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinones have been obtained by the halogenation reaction of the corresponding 3-trifluoroacetyl derivatives. These compounds were fully characterized as hydrates after simple filtration on silica gel. Reactions of 3-halogeno-3-trifluoroacetyl derivatives with benzathioamide and benzamidine lead to the formation of new spirocyclic γ-lactams in moderate yields and the corresponding product of the dehalogenation of the starting substance.З-Бромо- і З-хлоро-З-трифлуороацетил-1-метил-2-піролідинони були отримані галогенуванням відповідних 3-трифлуороацетил похідних. Ці сполуки були охарактеризовані як гідрати після фільтрування через силікагель. Реакції З-галогено-З-трифлуороацетил похідних з амідом тіобензойної кислоти і бензамідином приводять до утворення з помірними виходами нових спіроциклічних γ-лактамів та відповідного продукту дегалогенування вихідної речовини.3-Бром- и З-хлор-З-трифторацетил-1 -метил-2-пирролидиноны были получены галогенированием соответствующих 3-трифторацетил производных. Эти соединения были охарактеризованы как гидраты после фильтрования через силикагель. Реакции 3-галогено-3-трифторацетил производных с амидом тиобензойной кислоты и бензамидином приводят к образованию с умеренными выходами новых спироциклических γ-лактамов и соответствующего продукта дегалогенирования исходного вещества

Synthèse et réactivité des 3-trifluoroacetyl-lactames

Doctorat en sciences chimiques -- UCL, 199

Synthèse de nouvelles phases stationnaires mixtes b-cyclodextrines-acide aminé. Etude de leurs propriétés énantiosélectives en chromatographie en phase gazeuse

ROUEN-BU Sciences (764512102) / SudocSudocFranceF