275 research outputs found
Low-income consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards access, availability and motivation to eat fruit and vegetables
To determine low-income consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards fruit and vegetables, in particular issues of access to, affordability of and motivation to eat fruit and vegetables. Design and setting: Questionnaire survey mailed to homes owned by a large UK housing association. Participants: Participants were 680 low-income men and women, aged 17-100 years. Results: Age, employment, gender, smoking and marital status all affected attitudes towards access, affordability and motivation to eat fruit and vegetables. Few (7%) participants experienced difficulty in visiting a supermarket at least once a week, despite nearly half having no access to a car for shopping. Fruit and vegetables were affordable to this low-income group in the amounts they habitually bought; purchasing additional fruits and vegetables was seen as prohibitively expensive. Less than 5% felt they had a problem with eating healthily and yet only 18% claimed to eat the recommended 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables every day. Conclusions: Supported by research, current UK Government policy is driven by the belief that low-income groups have difficulties in access to and affordability of fruit and vegetables. Findings from this particular group suggest that, of the three potential barriers, access and affordability were only a small part of the 'problem' surrounding low fruit and vegetable consumption. Thus, other possible determinants of greater consequence need to be identified. We suggest focusing attention on motivation to eat fruit and vegetables, since no dietary improvement can be achieved if people do not recognise there is a problem
RNA interference approaches for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
HIV/AIDS is a chronic and debilitating disease that cannot be cured with current antiretroviral drugs. While combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) can potently suppress HIV-1 replication and delay the onset of AIDS, viral mutagenesis often leads to viral escape from multiple drugs. In addition to the pharmacological agents that comprise cART drug cocktails, new biological therapeutics are reaching the clinic. These include gene-based therapies that utilize RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of viral or host mRNA targets that are required for HIV-1 infection and/or replication. RNAi allows sequence-specific design to compensate for viral mutants and natural variants, thereby drastically expanding the number of therapeutic targets beyond the capabilities of cART. Recent advances in clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the promise of RNAi therapeutics, reinforcing the concept that RNAi-based agents might offer a safe, effective, and more durable approach for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, there are challenges that must be overcome in order for RNAi therapeutics to reach their clinical potential. These include the refinement of strategies for delivery and to reduce the risk of mutational escape. In this review, we provide an overview of RNAi-based therapies for HIV-1, examine a variety of combinatorial RNAi strategies, and discuss approaches for ex vivo delivery and in vivo delivery
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, June 1966
President\u27s Message
Officers and Committee Chairmen
Financial Report
Report to Alumnae Association
Jefferson\u27s Development Program
Report of the School of Nursing
Student Activities
Nursing Service Staff Association
Resume of Alumnae Meetings
Ways and Means Report
Sick and Welfare
Membership
Private Duty
Scholarship
Building Fund
Social Committee
Class News
Notice
Formalizing Chemical Physics using the Lean Theorem Prover
Chemical theory can be made more rigorous using the Lean theorem prover, an
interactive theorem prover for complex mathematics. We formalize the Langmuir
and BET theories of adsorption, making each scientific premise clear and every
step of the derivations explicit. Lean's math library, mathlib, provides
formally verified theorems for infinite geometries series, which are central to
BET theory. While writing these proofs, Lean prompts us to include mathematical
constraints that were not originally reported. We also illustrate how Lean
flexibly enables the reuse of proofs that build on more complex theories
through the use of functions, definitions, and structures. Finally, we
construct scientific frameworks for interoperable proofs, by creating
structures for classical thermodynamics and kinematics, using them to formalize
gas law relationships like Boyle's Law and equations of motion underlying
Newtonian mechanics, respectively. This approach can be extended to other
fields, enabling the formalization of rich and complex theories in science and
engineering
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, June 1967
President\u27s Message
Officers and Committee Chairman
Financial Report
Report to Alumnae Association
Nursing Service Report
Operating Room Report
School of Practical Nursing Report
School of Nursing Report
President Herbert\u27s Address (abstracted)
Report from Africa
Student Activities
Nursing Service Staff Association
Resume of Alumnae Meetings
Way and Means Report
Social Committee
Building Fund Report
Class News
Notice
Low-income consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards access, availability and motivation to eat fruit and vegetables
Rescue-Prime Optimized
This note specifies two instances of a hash function obtained from applying the Marvellous design strategy to a specific context. The context in question is native hashing in a STARKVirtual Machine such as Miden
A novel α-conotoxin, PeIA, cloned from Conus pergrandis, discriminates between Rat α9α10 and α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors
The α9 and α10 nicotinic cholinergic subunits assemble to form the receptor believed to mediate synaptic transmission between efferent olivocochlear fibers and hair cells of the cochlea, one of the few examples of postsynaptic function for a non-muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). However, it has been suggested that the expression profile of α9 and α10 overlaps with that of α7 in the cochlea and in sites such as dorsal root ganglion neurons, peripheral blood lymphocytes, developing thymocytes, and skin. We now report the cloning, total synthesis, and characterization of a novel toxin α-conotoxin PeIA that discriminates between α9α10 and α7 nAChRs. This is the first toxin to be identified from Conus pergrandis, a species found in deep waters of the Western Pacific. α-Conotoxin PeIA displayed a 260-fold higher selectivity for α-bungarotoxin-sensitive α9α10 nAChRs compared with α-bungarotoxin-sensitive α7 receptors. The IC50 of the toxin was 6.9 ± 0.5 nM and 4.4 ± 0.5 nM for recombinant α9α10 and wild-type hair cell nAChRs, respectively. α-Conotoxin PeIA bears high resemblance to α-conotoxins MII and GIC isolated from Conus magus and Conus geographus, respectively. However, neither α-conotoxin MII nor α-conotoxin GIC at concentrations of 10 μM blocked acetylcholine responses elicited in Xenopus oocytes injected with the α9 and α10 subunits. Among neuronal non-α-bungarotoxin- sensitive receptors, α-conotoxin PeIA was also active at α3β2 receptors and chimeric α6/α3β2β3 receptors. α-Conotoxin PeIA represents a novel probe to differentiate responses mediated either through α9α10 or α7 nAChRs in those tissues where both receptors are expressed.Fil: McIntosh, J. Michael. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Plazas, Paola Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Watkins, Maren. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Gomez Casati, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Olivera, Baldomero M.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Elgoyhen, Ana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin
The Tip5 Hash Function for Recursive STARKs
This paper specifies a new arithmetization-oriented hash function called Tip5. It uses the SHARK design strategy with low-degree power maps in combination with lookup tables, and is tailored to the field with elements.
The context motivating this design is the recursive verification of STARKs. This context imposes particular design constraints, and therefore the hash function\u27s arithmetization is discussed at length
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