PCIe Device Lending

We have developed a proof of concept for allowing a PCI Express device attached to one computer to be used by another computer without any software intermediate on the data path. The device driver runs on a physically separate machine from the device, but our implementation allows the device driver and device to communicate as if the device and driver were in the same machine, without modifying either the driver or the device. The kernel and higher level software can utilize the device as if it were a local device. A device will not be used by two separate machines at the same time, but a machine can transfer the control of a local device to a remote machine. We have named this concept "device lending". We envision that machines will have, in addition to local PCIe devices, access to a pool of remote PCIe devices. When a machine needs more device resources, additional devices can be dynamically borrowed from other machines with devices to spare. These devices can be located in a dedicated external cabinet, or be devices inserted into internal slots in a normal computer. The device lending is implemented using a Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB), a native PCIe interconnect that should offer performance close to that of a locally connected device. Devices that are not currently being lent to another host will not be affected in any way. NTBs are available as add-ons for any PCIe based computer and are included in newer Intel Xeon CPUs. The proof of concept we created was implemented for Linux, on top of the APIs provided by our NTB vendor, Dolphin. The host borrowing a device has a kernel module to provide the necessary software support and the other host has a user space daemon. No additional software modifications or hardware is required, nor special support from the devices. The current implementation works with some devices, but has some problems with others. We believe however, that we have identified the problems and how to improve the situation. In a later implementation, we believe that all devices we have tested can be made to work correctly and with very high performance

Samarbeid i hjertestansteam : en kvalitativ studie om intensivsyke- pleieres erfaringer fra samarbeid i hjertestansteam under resuscitering

Masteroppgave i spesialsykepleie – Universitetet i Agder 2014Project backround: Several areas in health care have recently seen an increased focus on the importance of cooperation. In its guidelines from 2010, The American Heart Association (AHA) places increased importance on non-technical skills in the training of personnel who perform advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). The Better And Systematic Team Foundation (BEST), have in recent years contributed to a growing focus on cooperation in trauma teams. However, in Norway, there is little research directly linked to the issue of cooperation in Norwegian cardiac arrest teams. Aim:The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about the experiences of intensive care nurses with regard to cooperation in cardiac arrest teams. Our main concern was: how do intensive care nurses experience cooperation during resuscitation? Method:Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six intensive care nurses who are certified in performing advanced cardiac life support. The interviews took place in the autumn of 2013. The interviews were mainly centred around non-technical skills in regard to the cooperation within cardiac arrest teams, with an emphasis on areas of potential improvement. Qualitative content analysis by Graneheim and Lundman was used to analyse the gathered data. Results:The findings of this study show that the main areas which are important to the cooperation within cardiac arrest teams are: communication, skills, team dynamics and team leadership. Conclusion:Non-technical skills, in particular communication and team leadership skills, are essential to the interviewees' experiences of cooperation within cardiac arrest teams. Such cooperation can be improved by providing more frequent de-briefs and increased situation training which involve all professions which make up a cardiac arrest team

Evaluation of the trends of secondary and tertiary hydrocarbon migration processes based on oil density–reservoir depths relationship in Hungary

Depth of reservoirs of Hungarian oil fields and related oil density data were collected from the database of the Hungarian Mineral Resource Inventory. The purpose of the investigation was to point out the correlation between oil density and reservoir depth in some of the Hungarian hydrocarbon productive regions. Oil density related to reservoir depth in a particular area is generally linked to the migration mechanism. Zala Basin trends show a different migration process regionally and locally; tertiary migration by overflow mechanism can be supposed for the latter case. In the case of the Szeged–Kiskunság region, locally and regionally, migration along carrier beds through semipermeable sediments is present, with faults playing a significant role. In the Nagykunság region, the migration processes are similar to those in Zala, but the presence of faults seems more important. At depths below 2,000 m, the Bihar region trends are similar to those of the Szeged–Kiskunság region. In the shallower zone, hydrodynamic effects are recognizable. In two studied regions, the Battonya–Pusztaföldvár High and the Hungarian Paleogene Basin, the density of crude oil data does not show any significant variability and trend. Biodegradation and water washing were recognizable in the depth sections shallower than 2,000 m below surface. In karstic reservoirs of the Zala Basin (Nagylengyel, Sávoly), alteration is presumed at greater depths due to the karst water flow. The presented results show several trends of oil migration in the explored areas, which can be used for future estimation of the hydrocarbon potential in the Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin

Reprogrammed Cells Display Distinct Proteomic SignaturesAssociated with Colony Morphology Variability

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are of high interest because they can be differentiated into a vast range of different cell types. Ideally, reprogrammed cells should sustain long-term culturing in an undifferentiated state. However, some reprogrammed cell lines represent an unstable state by spontaneously differentiating and changing their cellular phenotype and colony morphology. This phenomenon is not fully understood, and no method is available to predict it reliably. In this study, we analyzed and compared the proteome landscape of 20 reprogrammed cell lines classified as stable and unstable based on long-term colony morphology. We identified distinct proteomic signatures associated with stable colony morphology and with unstable colony morphology, although the typical pluripotency markers (POU5F1, SOX2) were present with both morphologies. Notably, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein markers were associated with unstable colony morphology, and the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signalling pathway was predicted as one of the main regulator pathways involved in this process. Furthermore, we identified specific proteins that separated the stable from the unstable state. Finally, we assessed both spontaneous embryonic body (EB) formation and directed differentiation and showed that reprogrammed lines with an unstable colony morphology had reduced differentiation capacity. To conclude, we found that different defined patterns of colony morphology in reprogrammed cells were associated with distinct proteomic profiles and different outcomes in differentiation capacity.publishedVersio

Revisiting the radiographic assessment of osteoporosis-Osteopenia in children 0-2 years of age. A systematic review

Background Imaging for osteoporosis has two major aims, first, to identify the presence of low bone mass (osteopenia), and second, to quantify bone mass using semiquantitative (conventional radiography) or quantitative (densitometry) methods. In young children, densitometry is hampered by the lack of reference values, and high-quality radiographs still play a role although the evaluation of osteopenia as a marker for osteoporosis is subjective and based on personal experience. Medical experts questioned in court over child abuse, often refer to the literature and state that 20–40% loss of bone mass is warranted before osteopenia becomes evident on radiographs. In our systematic review, we aimed at identifying evidence underpinning this statement. A secondary outcome was identifying normal references for cortical thickness of the skeleton in infants born term, < 2 years of age. Methods We undertook systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Svemed+, covering 1946–2020. Unpublished material was searched in Clinical trials and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Both relevant subject headings and free text words were used for the following concepts: osteoporosis or osteopenia, radiography, children up to 6 years. Results A total 5592 publications were identified, of which none met the inclusion criteria for the primary outcome; the degree of bone loss warranted before osteopenia becomes visible radiographically. As for the secondary outcome, 21 studies were identified. None of the studies was true population based and none covered the pre-defined age range from 0–2 years. However, four studies of which three having a crossectional and one a longitudinal design, included newborns while one study included children 0–2 years. Conclusions Despite an extensive literature search, we did not find any studies supporting the assumption that a 20–40% bone loss is required before osteopenia becomes visible on radiographs. Reference values for cortical thickness were sparse. Further studies addressing this important topic are warranted.publishedVersio

Leptin receptor signaling regulates protein synthesis pathways and neuronal differentiation in pluripotent stem cells

The role of leptin receptor (OB-R) signaling in linking pluripotency with growth and development and the consequences of dysfunctional leptin signaling on progression of metabolic disease is poorly understood. Using a global unbiased proteomics approach we report that embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) carrying the db/db mutation exhibit metabolic abnormalities, while their reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show altered expression of proteins involved in embryonic development. An upregulation in expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (Eif4e) and Stat3 binding to the Eif4e promoter was supported by enhanced protein synthesis in mutant iPSCs. Directed differentiation of db/db iPSCs toward the neuronal lineage showed defects. Gene editing to correct the point mutation in db/db iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9, restored expression of neuronal markers and protein synthesis while reversing the metabolic defects. These data imply a direct role for OB-R in regulating metabolism in embryonic fibroblasts and key developmental pathways in iPSCs.publishedVersio