81 research outputs found
A new FSA approach for in situ -ray spectroscopy
An increasing demand of environmental radioactivity monitoring comes both
from the scientific community and from the society. This requires accurate,
reliable and fast response preferably from portable radiation detectors. Thanks
to recent improvements in the technology, -spectroscopy with sodium
iodide scintillators has been proved to be an excellent tool for in-situ
measurements for the identification and quantitative determination of
-ray emitting radioisotopes, reducing time and costs. Both for
geological and civil purposes not only K, U, and Th have
to be measured, but there is also a growing interest to determine the
abundances of anthropic elements, like Cs and I, which are used
to monitor the effect of nuclear accidents or other human activities.
The Full Spectrum Analysis (FSA) approach has been chosen to analyze the
-spectra. The Non Negative Least Square (NNLS) and the energy
calibration adjustment have been implemented in this method for the first time
in order to correct the intrinsic problem related with the
minimization which could lead to artifacts and non physical results in the
analysis.
A new calibration procedure has been developed for the FSA method by using in
situ -spectra instead of calibration pad spectra. Finally, the new
method has been validated by acquiring -spectra with a 10.16 cm x 10.16
cm sodium iodide detector in 80 different sites in the Ombrone basin, in
Tuscany. The results from the FSA method have been compared with the laboratory
measurements by using HPGe detectors on soil samples collected in the different
sites, showing a satisfactory agreement between them. In particular, the
Cs isotopes has been implemented in the analysis since it has been
found not negligible during the in-situ measurements.Comment: accepted by Science of Total Environment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 3
table
Effect of different cleansers on the weight and ion release of removable partial denture: an in vitro study
OBJECTIVE: Removable partial dentures (RPD) require different hygiene care, and association of brushing and chemical cleansing is the most recommended to control biofilm formation. However, the effect of cleansers has not been evaluated in RPD metallic components. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of different denture cleansers on the weight and ion release of RPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five specimens (12x3 mm metallic disc positioned in a 38x18x4 mm mould filled with resin), 7 cleanser agents [Periogard (PE), Cepacol (CE), Corega Tabs (CT), Medical Interporous (MI), Polident (PO), 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and distilled water (DW) (control)] and 2 cobalt-chromium alloys [DeguDent (DD), and VeraPDI (VPDI)] were used for each experimental situation. One hundred and eighty immersions were performed and the weight was analyzed with a high precision analytic balance. Data were recorded before and after the immersions. The ion release was analyzed using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that CT and MI had higher values of weight loss with higher change in VPDI alloy compared to DD. The solutions that caused more ion release were NaOCl and MI. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that 0.05% NaOCl and Medical Interporous tablets are not suitable as auxiliary chemical solutions for RPD care
The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be S-factor at solar energies: the prompt gamma experiment at LUNA
The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be process is a key reaction in both Big-Bang
nucleosynthesis and p-p chain of Hydrogen Burning in Stars. A new measurement
of the 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be cross section has been performed at the INFN Gran
Sasso underground laboratory by both the activation and the prompt gamma
detection methods. The present work reports full details of the prompt gamma
detection experiment, focusing on the determination of the systematic
uncertainty. The final data, including activation measurements at LUNA, are
compared with the results of the last generation experiments and two different
theoretical models are used to obtain the S-factor at solar energies.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.
Ultra-sensitive in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy for nuclear astrophysics at LUNA
Ultra-sensitive in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy studies for nuclear
astrophysics are performed at the LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear
Astrophysics) 400 kV accelerator, deep underground in Italy's Gran Sasso
laboratory. By virtue of a specially constructed passive shield, the laboratory
gamma-ray background for E_\gamma < 3 MeV at LUNA has been reduced to levels
comparable to those experienced in dedicated offline underground gamma-counting
setups. The gamma-ray background induced by an incident alpha-beam has been
studied. The data are used to evaluate the feasibility of sensitive in-beam
experiments at LUNA and, by extension, at similar proposed facilities.Comment: accepted, Eur. Phys. J.
Mapping of natural radioelements using gamma-ray spectrometry: Tuscany Region case of study.
http://www.fe.infn.it/u/mantovani/CV/Proceedings/Bezzon_11a.pd
A multivariate spatial interpolation of airborne {\gamma}-ray data using the geological constraints
In this paper we present maps of K, eU, and eTh abundances of Elba Island
(Italy) obtained with a multivariate spatial interpolation of airborne
{\gamma}-ray data using the constraints of the geologic map. The radiometric
measurements were performed by a module of four NaI(Tl) crystals of 16 L
mounted on an autogyro. We applied the collocated cokriging (CCoK) as a
multivariate estimation method for interpolating the primary under-sampled
airborne {\gamma}-ray data considering the well-sampled geological information
as ancillary variables. A random number has been assigned to each of 73
geological formations identified in the geological map at scale 1:10,000. The
non-dependency of the estimated results from the random numbering process has
been tested for three distinct models. The experimental cross-semivariograms
constructed for radioelement-geology couples show well-defined co-variability
structures for both direct and crossed variograms. The high statistical
correlations among K, eU, and eTh measurements are confirmed also by the same
maximum distance of spatial autocorrelation. Combining the smoothing effects of
probabilistic interpolator and the abrupt discontinuities of the geological
map, the results show a distinct correlation between the geological formation
and radioactivity content. The contour of Mt. Capanne pluton can be
distinguished by high K, eU and eTh abundances, while different degrees of
radioactivity content identify the tectonic units. A clear anomaly of high K
content in the Mt. Calamita promontory confirms the presence of felsic dykes
and hydrothermal veins not reported in our geological map. Although we assign a
unique number to each geological formation, the method shows that the internal
variability of the radiometric data is not biased by the multivariate
interpolation.Comment: 43 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. In Remote Sensing of Environment
(2013
A γ-Spectroscopy System for Atmospheric Radon Detection
Radon isotopes and their decay products cause most
of the natural radioactivity in atmosphere at ground level
(Jacobi, 1964; Altshuler et al., 1964; UNSCEAR, 1988,
1993; Porstendorfer, 1994; Kathren, 1998). 222Rn (Radon)
and 220Rn (Thoron) enter the atmosphere from the Earths
surface, where they are produced via radioactive decay of
the precursors 238U and 232Th respectively. The major
contribution to the natural radioactivity dose is from the
inhalation of the daughters of this gas. They are attached
to very fine particles (Bergamini et al., 1973; Porstendorfer,
1994; Mohammed et al., 2000) and deposit on the surface
of the different parts of the respiratory system with a
probability dependent on aerosol particle sizes (ICRP, 1994).
The dynamics of the gas could be similar to that
of the atmospheric particulate and the daily change in
concentration can be correlated to it. The γ-rays produced
by the Radon daughters come both from the earth surface
and from the radon contained in the air. For a detector
placed in a fixed position, the first contribution remains
constant over the time while the second follows the change
in gas concentration in air. In order to determine the two
contributions a system composed by three sodium iodide
detectors has been designed and installed on a tower at the
LNL (Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro).
The aim of this project is to understand the behavior of γ
emissions from ground surface at different altitudes and also
to study the correlation between the atmospheric conditions,
like the altitude of the atmosphere inversion layer, and the
radon concentration in air. http://www.fe.infn.it/u/mantovani/CV/Proceedings/Bezzon_11b.pd
Reestablishment of occlusion through overlay removable partial dentures: a case report
Astrophysical S-factor of the 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be reaction measured at low energy via prompt and delayed gamma detection
Solar neutrino fluxes depend both on astrophysical and on nuclear physics
inputs, namely on the cross sections of the reactions responsible for neutrino
production inside the Solar core. While the flux of solar 8B neutrinos has been
recently measured at Superkamiokande with a 3.5% uncertainty and a precise
measurement of 7Be neutrino flux is foreseen in the next future, the predicted
fluxes are still affected by larger errors. The largest nuclear physics
uncertainty to determine the fluxes of 8B and 7Be neutrinos comes from the
3He(alpha,gamma)7Be reaction. The uncertainty on its S-factor is due to an
average discrepancy in results obtained using two different experimental
approaches: the detection of the delayed gamma rays from 7Be decay and the
measurement of the prompt gamma emission. Here we report on a new high
precision experiment performed with both techniques at the same time. Thanks to
the low background conditions of the Gran Sasso LUNA accelerator facility, the
cross section has been measured at Ecm = 170, 106 and 93 keV, the latter being
the lowest interaction energy ever reached.
The S-factors from the two methods do not show any discrepancy within the
experimental errors. An extrapolated S(0)= 0.560+/-0.017 keV barn is obtained.
Moreover, branching ratios between the two prompt gamma-transitions have been
measured with 5-8% accuracy.Comment: to be published in Physical Review
The worldwide NORM production and a fully automated gamma-ray spectrometer for their characterization
Materials containing radionuclides of natural origin, which is modified by
human made processes and being subject to regulation because of their
radioactivity are known as NORM. We present a brief review of the main
categories of non-nuclear industries together with the levels of activity
concentration in feed raw materials, products and waste, including mechanisms
of radioisotope enrichments. The global management of NORM shows a high level
of complexity, mainly due to different degrees of radioactivity enhancement and
the huge amount of worldwide waste production. The future tendency of
guidelines concerning environmental protection will require both a systematic
monitoring based on the ever-increasing sampling and high performance of gamma
ray spectroscopy. On the ground of these requirements a new low background
fully automated high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer MCA_Rad has been
developed. The design of Pb and Cu shielding allowed to reach a background
reduction of two order of magnitude with respect to laboratory radioactivity. A
severe lowering of manpower cost is obtained through a fully automation system,
which enables up to 24 samples to be measured without any human attendance. Two
coupled HPGe detectors increase the detection efficiency, performing accurate
measurements on sample volume (180 cc) with a reduction of sample transport
cost of material. Details of the instrument calibration method are presented.
MCA_Rad system can measure in less than one hour a typical NORM sample enriched
in U and Th with some hundreds of Bq/kg, with an overall uncertainty less than
5%. Quality control of this method has been tested. Measurements of certified
reference materials RGK-1, RGU-2 and RGTh-1 containing concentrations of K, U
and Th comparable to NORM have been performed, resulting an overall relative
discrepancy of 5% among central values within the reported uncertainty.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 6 table
- …