79 research outputs found
Using responsibility-based strategies to empower in-service Physical Education and health teachers to learn and implement TPSR
El modelo de Enseñanza de la Responsabilidad Personal y Social, TPSR (Hellison, 1995; 2003; 2011), es considerado uno de los mejor articulados para promover la responsabilidad desde la educaciĂłn fĂsica (EF) u otros contextos de actividad fĂsica. Sus valores e intenciones se adecĂșan bien al programa educativo de la provincia de QuĂ©bec (CanadĂĄ) y podrĂan proporcionar a los profesores estrategias eficaces para lograr dichos resultados. Este artĂculo tiene por objeto presentar una forma alternativa de enseñanza del TPSR a los docentes de EF. Se trata de mostrar el modo en que distintas estrategias basadas en la responsabilidad fueron usadas para capacitar a los profesores en el aprendizaje y aplicaciĂłn del TPSR en el contexto escolar. Para ello, me centrarĂ© en el trabajo de investigaciĂłn-acciĂłn llevado a cabo con dos docentes de EF durante el curso 2008-09, el cual incluĂa tambiĂ©n un proceso de auto-supervisiĂłn de seis meses. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante (a) observaciones de los participantes; (b) entrevistas semi-estructuradas con profesores de EF; (c) reflexiones tras las clases; y (d) el diario de la investigadora. Los resultados confirmaron el uso de cuatro estrategias basadas en la responsabilidad como apoyo a cada docente durante el proceso de implementaciĂłn de TPSR: (a) capacitando a los docentes por medio de la auto-supervisiĂłn; (b) proporcionĂĄndoles oportunidades de Ă©xito; (c) ayudĂĄndoles en la definiciĂłn de expectativas; y (d) alimentando una relaciĂłn respetuosa. El presente estudio amplĂa la literatura sobre TPSR al describir el uso de estrategias de enseñanza basadas en la responsabilidad con el fin de educar a otros profesionales en la aplicaciĂłn del TPSR.Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility, or TPSR (Hellison, 1995; 2003; 2011), is considered to be one of the best-articulated models for promoting responsibility in physical education and other physical activity settings. Its underlying values and intent fit well in the Province of QuĂ©bec (Canada) educational program and could provide teachers with effective strategies to promote these outcomes.The objective of this article is to present an alternative way to teach TPSR to in-service physical educators. It aims to show how responsibility-based strategies were used to empower teachers to learn and implement TPSR in a school-based setting. An action research was conducted with two physical educators during the 2008-2009 school year, including a six-month self-supervision process.Data were collected from (a) participants observations; (b) semi-structured interviews with PEH teachers; (c) post-teaching self-reflections; and (d) researchers log. Results showed strong evidence of the use of four responsibility-based strategies to support each teacher throughout the process of TPSR implementation: (a) empowering teachers through self-supervision; (b) providing opportunities for success; (c) setting expectations; and (d) nurturing a respectful relationship. This study contributes to the TPSR literature by describing the use of responsibility-based teaching strategies to educate other professionals to do TPSR
S'approprier des pratiques visant la responsabilisation par l'actualisation d'un processus d'autosupervision une recherche-action en éducation physique et à la santé au primaire
La responsabilisation de l'Ă©lĂšve est une notion centrale du programme de formation de l'Ă©cole quĂ©bĂ©coise (PFEQ). Toutefois, on n'y retrouve que peu d'indications sur la maniĂšre d'opĂ©rationnaliser cette intention du programme en Ă©ducation physique et Ă la santĂ©. Ă ce jour, peu d'Ă©tudes portent spĂ©cifiquement sur la formation et l'accompagnement d'Ă©ducateurs physiques qui dĂ©sirent implanter des pratiques visant la responsabilisation de leurs Ă©lĂšves. Prenant appui sur le modĂšle de l'autosupervision en Ă©ducation physique (Brunelle, Drouin, Godbout et Tousignant, 1988), une recherche-action ayant pour objet le modĂšle Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) d'Hellison (2003) a Ă©tĂ© conduite durant l'annĂ©e scolaire 2008- 2009 en collaboration avec deux Ă©ducateurs physiques du primaire. Durant neuf mois, diverses mĂ©thodes de collectes de donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour documenter les deux dĂ©marches de supervision, dont des entrevues semi-structurĂ©es, des observations participantes, des rĂ©flexions postsĂ©ances et la rĂ©daction d'un journal de bord. Les processus activĂ©s lors de l'appropriation de pratiques visant la responsabilisation, de mĂȘme que les conditions qui les sous-tendent ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©gagĂ©s par le biais d'une analyse par catĂ©gories conceptualisantes (PaillĂ© et Mucchielli, 2008).La rĂ©alisation de cette Ă©tude a mis Ă jour les conditions nĂ©cessaires Ă l'actualisation d'un processus d'autosupervision puis, les processus qui sont Ă activer pour s'approprier des pratiques visant la responsabilisation. Les facteurs pouvant limiter l'appropriation de pratiques ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s. Finalement, l'importance de l'accompagnement est soulignĂ©e. Cette Ă©tude contribue Ă l'avancement des connaissances en intervention Ă©ducative en activitĂ© physique puisqu'elle permet de mieux comprendre comment des Ă©ducateurs physiques s'approprient des pratiques visant la responsabilisation de leurs Ă©lĂšves. Ces connaissances auraient avantage Ă ĂȘtre rĂ©investies dans le dĂ©veloppement et la mise en oeuvre de modĂšles de formation initiale et continue en Ă©ducation physique et Ă la santĂ©, de mĂȘme qu'elles pourraient bĂ©nĂ©ficier Ă l'ensemble des professionnels de l'enseignement
Amélioration de la qualité de l'animation dans les activités de Québec en forme (Projet Aqua)
QuĂ©bec en forme est un organisme Ă but non lucratif ayant pour mission de contribuer Ă lâamĂ©lioration de la santĂ© et de l'autonomie globale des enfants de 4 Ă 12 ans issus de milieux dĂ©favorisĂ©s, en soutenant lâimplantation, par des communautĂ©s locales, de programmes durables de participation Ă des activitĂ©s physiques et sportives. Cependant, les activitĂ©s Ă©tant gĂ©nĂ©ralement animĂ©es par des intervenants sans formation appropriĂ©e ne bĂ©nĂ©ficiant pas dâun suivi adĂ©quat, les conditions mises en place sur le terrain ne favorisent pas la participation motrice efficace des enfants. Le but de lâĂ©tude est de dĂ©velopper une stratĂ©gie de formation et de supervision permettant de provoquer un changement au niveau des pratiques et dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© de lâanimation des activitĂ©s. Une Ă©tude Ă protocole Ă cas unique menĂ©e selon une stratĂ©gie de recherche-action est le protocole choisi pour la rĂ©alisation de ce projet. LâefficacitĂ© de lâintervention est mesurĂ©e selon deux variables : a) le temps de dĂ©veloppement moteur offert au groupe, mesurĂ© par lâenregistrement de la durĂ©e des Ă©pisodes de la sĂ©ance et b) le temps dâengagement moteur individuel, mesurĂ© par la technique du balayage visuel Ă la fin dâun intervalle long. Le projet repose sur lâhypothĂšse de base suivante : peut-on provoquer un changement positif au niveau du dĂ©veloppement moteur offert au groupe et de lâengagement individuel des enfants dans les activitĂ©s de QuĂ©bec en forme par une formation et une supervision clinique? Un processus de formation et de supervision en quatre Ă©tapes est proposĂ©. La mesure du niveau de base des interventions des animateurs est rĂ©alisĂ©e suite Ă la conduite de dix-neuf observations (n=19) sur le terrain et de dix entrevues semi-structurĂ©es (n=10) avec des animateurs de la rĂ©gion ciblĂ©e. Une formation de six heures portant sur la mise en place de conditions favorisant une participation motrice efficace est donnĂ©e Ă une cohorte de vingt et un participants (n=21). Le niveau de base spĂ©cifique Ă une dyade dâanimateurs ciblĂ©e est Ă©valuĂ© Ă lâaide de trois observations (n=3). Finalement, un cycle de supervision comprenant douze observations (n=12) et douze rencontres de supervision (0=12) est rĂ©alisĂ© avec la mĂȘme dyade dâanimateurs. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de ce projet pilote ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s de façon descriptive. Quatre constats se dĂ©gagent de lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats du niveau de base, soit les faibles quantitĂ©s et qualitĂ©s de l'engagement moteur, des problĂšmes majeurs au niveau de la sĂ©curitĂ© et un climat pĂ©dagogique non propice Ă lâatteinte des objectifs visĂ©s. Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats du processus de formation et de supervision de la dyade ciblĂ©e rĂ©vĂšle une amĂ©lioration du dĂ©veloppement moteur offert au groupe suite Ă la formation et une amĂ©lioration progressive de lâengagement moteur individuel au fil des rencontres de supervision. La tenue dâune journĂ©e de formation semble nĂ©cessaire pour permettre aux animateurs de prendre conscience de lâimportance de la mise en place de conditions favorisant le dĂ©veloppement moteur du groupe au cours de la sĂ©ance. Toutefois, les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que le cheminement des animateurs vers la maĂźtrise de leurs compĂ©tences de base nĂ©cessite un suivi intensif au sein dâun processus de supervision. La stratĂ©gie de formation et de supervision employĂ©e dans le cadre de ce projet pilote permet, grĂące Ă ses effets positifs sur le temps de dĂ©veloppement moteur offert au groupe et sur le temps dâengagement moteur individuel, lâamĂ©lioration de lâefficacitĂ© de lâanimation dans les activitĂ©s de QuĂ©bec en forme. Cette stratĂ©gie sera utilisĂ©e comme unitĂ© de base dans la formation des formateurs de QuĂ©bec en forme au niveau provincial
Manifestation du phénomÚne d'inquiétude dans une population non-clinique : un examen descriptif
MalgrĂ© de nombreuses recherches sur le Trouble d'AnxiĂ©tĂ© GĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e (TAG), peu d'Ă©tudes ont portĂ© sur le phĂ©nomĂšne des inquiĂ©tudes dans une population non clinique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude examine les manifestations des inquiĂ©tudes dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale par le biais d'auto-enregistrements, d'entrevues structurĂ©es et de questionnaires. Aussi, deux groupes de volontaires sains sont comparĂ©s sur ces mĂȘmes variables, dont un Groupe Hautes InquiĂ©tudes (HI) et un Groupe Faibles InquiĂ©tudes (FI). Quarante-et-un volontaires participent Ă l'Ă©tude. De ce nombre, 20 participants forment le groupe HI et 21 participants le groupe FI. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que les volontaires sains rapportent une grande variĂ©tĂ© de thĂšmes d'inquiĂ©tudes. De plus, ils Ă©valuent s'inquiĂ©ter en moyenne lh02 quotidiennement. Les comparaisons montrent que les participants du groupe HI rapportent un temps d'inquiĂ©tude supĂ©rieur et moins de contrĂŽle sur leurs inquiĂ©tudes que ceux du groupe FI. Dans l'ensemble, les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que les inquiĂ©tudes des volontaires sains seraient qualitativement comparables Ă celles d'une population clinique Ă plusieurs niveaux. Cependant, les diffĂ©rences entre les deux sous groupes soulignent des diffĂ©rences quantitatives, comme au niveau de la durĂ©e et du contrĂŽle des inquiĂ©tudes
ProtĂ©ger les jeunes et dĂ©velopper le pouvoir dâagir de leurs parents. Une analyse des pratiques dâimplication parentale en centre jeunesse
Cet article rapporte les rĂ©sultats dâune Ă©tude Ă©valuative portant sur les pratiques dâimplication parentale des intervenants sociaux du Centre jeunesse de QuĂ©bec. La prĂ©sente Ă©valuation met lâaccent sur les composantes et sur les processus relevant des pratiques qui contribuent Ă lâimplication des parents dont un jeune reçoit des services en vertu de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse. Cet article porte, dâune part, sur les reprĂ©sentations quâont les intervenants de lâimplication parentale et, dâautre part, sur les rĂŽles quâils jouent en vue de favoriser cette implication. Ces rĂ©sultats sont examinĂ©s Ă la lumiĂšre de la thĂ©orie sur lâempowerment des individus, qui constitue le cadre conceptuel de cette Ă©tude.In this paper, results of an evaluative study pertaining to parental involvement practices of social practicioners from Le Centre jeunesse de QuĂ©bec are presented. The evaluation being described focuses on practice components and processes sustaining parental involvement of parents whose child is receiving services under QuĂ©becâs Youth Protection Law. The representations that workers have, along with the various roles they adopt in order to encourage parental involvement, are discussed. The results will be examined in the light of empowerment theory that is the conceptual framework for this study
Protection of organic matter by mineral matrix in a Cenomanian black shale
L'UMR CNRS 6531, Laboratoire de Géologie de la MatiÚre Organique a été intégré dans l'ISTO - UMR6113 - CNRS-Université d'OrléansThree types of pathways (degradation-recondensation, natural sulphurization and selective preservation) are commonly considered for the formation of kerogen dispersed in sedimentary rocks. A fourth pathway has been recently put forward, however, from studies on Recent marine sediments, the so-called sorptive protection mechanism. This pathway is based on the adsorption of otherwise labile organic compounds onto minerals, thus preventing their diagenetic degradation and promoting their subsequent condensation into kerogen. The main results of the present study are derived from a combination of microscopic and pyrolytic methods applied on a Cenomanian kerogen. They provide (i) evidence, on an ancient material, for a crucial role of the mineral matrix both in organic matter (OM) preservation during kerogen formation and in kerogen stability once formed, (ii) indications that the dominant protective process likely involves physical protection by minerals, resulting from alternation of organic and clay nanolayers of approximately 100 nm in thickness, rather than OM adsorption as molecular monolayers and (iii) observations of the relatively poor stability of an isolated kerogen, contrary to the inertness commonly assumed for fossil macromolecular organic matter
Associations between dietary profiles and perfluoroalkyl acids in Inuit youth and adults
Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a subset of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are synthetic chemicals used in industrial and consumer applications. They are exceptionally stable and highly mobile in the environment, and were detected in high concentrations in Arctic wildlife and Nunavik Inuit. The study's objective was to study the association between dietary profiles in Nunavik and plasma PFAAs concentrations.
Methods: The study used data from the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) (N = 1172) on Inuit adults aged 16-80 years. Nine PFAAs congeners were measured in plasma samples (six were detected). Dietary profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. Two sets of dietary profiles were included; the first included market (store-bought) and country foods (harvested/hunted from the land), and the second included only country foods. Multiple linear regression models regressed log-transformed PFAAs concentrations against the dietary profiles, adjusting for sociodemographic variables.
Results: We identified statistically significant 24.54-57.55 % increases in all PFAAs congeners (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, and PFOS) in the dietary profile defined by frequent country food consumption compared to the dietary profile defined by frequent market food consumption. Individuals defined by low consumption of foods (related to food insecurity) had higher concentrations of six PFAAs compared to individuals with frequent market food consumption. The associations were stronger with profiles defined by more frequent country food consumption, and particularly those with increased marine mammal consumption. PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFOS were particularly associated with high country food consumption frequency, such that their concentrations increased by approximately 67-83 % compared to those reporting no or very little consumption of any country foods.
Conclusions: Increased country food consumption was strongly associated with higher PFAAs concentrations, particularly PFOS, PFDA, and PFUnDA. The results provide further evidence that the quality of country foods is being threatened by PFAAs contamination. Additional national and international regulations are required to protect the Arctic and its inhabitants from these pollutants
Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities : a case for further research
BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutant exposures are well-documented in the Arctic, but fewer studies examined non-persistent chemicals, despite increased market food and consumer product consumption. OBJECTIVE: To measure phenol, paraben, phthalate, and alternative plasticizer concentrations in Inuit adults. METHODS: The study included 30 pooled urine samples from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) participants. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across sex, age, and regions, and compared to those in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the First Nations Biomonitoring Initiative (FNBI). RESULTS: Q2017 bisphenol-A concentrations were double the CHMS 2018â2019 concentrations [GM (95% CI): 1.98 (1.69â2.31) versus 0.71 (0.60â0.84) ”g/g creatinine], but in line with FNBI [1.74 (1.41â2.13) ”g/g creatinine]. Several phthalate concentrations were higher in Q2017 versus CHMS, particularly monobenzyl phthalate, which was was 19-fold higher in Q2017 versus CHMS 2018â2019 [45.26 (39.35â52.06) versus 2.4 (2.0â2.9) ”g/g creatinine] and four-fold higher than FNBI. There were also four-fold higher concentrations of the two alternate plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TIXB) metabolites in Q2017 compared to CHMS 2018â2019. Women and people living in Ungava Bay had generally higher concentrations of non-persistent chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest higher concentrations of certain non-persistent chemicals in Inuit versus the general Canadian population. IMPACT: Few studies have explored non-persistent chemical distributions in Northern communities, despite the increasing consumer product and market food consumption. We analyzed 30 pooled samples from the Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2017 to assess exposures to common plasticizes and plastic constituents and compare their levels with the general Canadian population and First Nation groups. We observed particularly higher levels of bisphenol-A, of monobenzyl phthalate, and of two 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) metabolites among Nunavimmiut compared to the general Canadian population, notably among women and Ungava Bay residents. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings and identify potential adverse health effects from these exposures
Perfluoroalkyl acids in pregnant women from Nunavik (Quebec, Canada) : trends in exposure and associations with country foods consumption
Objectives
From 2004 to 2017, 279 pregnant Inuit women were recruited as part of biomonitoring projects in Nunavik. Our goal was to evaluate: (i) time-trends in plasma/serum PFAAs levels in pregnant Nunavimmiut women between 2004 and 2017; (ii) compare plasma/serum PFAAs levels in Nunavimmiut women in 2016â2017 to those measured in women of childbearing age in the Canadian Health Measure Survey (CHMS); and (iii) evaluate the associations of PFAAs levels with the consumption of country foods and pregnancy and maternal characteristics during pregnancy in the 97 participants recruited in 2016â2017.
Methods
Individual blood sample were collected for serum or plasma PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid (PFHxS), PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA) analyses. Socio-demographic data, pregnancy and maternal characteristics and country foods consumption were documented using a questionnaire. Omega-3 and â6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were measured in red blood cell membranes and their ratio used as a biomarker of marine country foods consumption. Time-trends in PFAAs levels were evaluated using ANCOVA models adjusted for relevant co-variables. Serum/plasma levels of PFAAs in the 97 pregnant women aged 16 to 40 years old and recruited in 2016â2017 were compared to those measured in women aged 18 to 40 years old from the CHMS cycle 5 (2016â2017) using the geometric means (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine associations between concentrations of PFAAs and country foods consumption data.
Results
Statistically-significant downward time trends were noted for concentrations of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS in pregnant Nunavik women between 2004 and 2017. Conversely, between 2011 and 2016â2017, PFNA, PFDA and PFUdA maternal serum levels increased by 19, 13 and 21% respectively. Among participants in 2016â2017, mean concentrations for PFNA (GM: 2.4 ÎŒg/L), PFDA (0.53 ÎŒg/L) and PFUdA (0.61 ÎŒg/L) were higher than those measured in women aged 18â40 years old in the Cycle 5 (2016â2017) of the CHMS. PFOA (0.53 ÎŒg/L) and PFHxS (0.26 ÎŒg/L) were lower than in CHMS, whereas PFBA, PFHxA and PFBS were not detected in 2016â2017. Ratios of serum/plasma levels of PFNA/PFOA, PFNA/PFOS, PFNA/PFHxS and PFUdA/PFDA were significantly higher in the 97 pregnant women from Nunavik recruited in 2016â2017 compared to CHMS, highlighting their distinct exposure profile. In multivariate models, PFHxS, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA and PFUdA levels in 2016â2017 were strongly associated with the omega-3/omega-6 PUFA ratio, indicating a positive association between marine country foods consumption and higher exposure to PFAAs.
Conclusions
The exposure of pregnant women to long-chain PFAAs (PFNA, PFDA and PFUdA) increased from 2004 to 2017 in Nunavik. Associations noted between PFAAs levels and the omega-3/omega-6 ratio highlights the importance of implementing additional strict regulations on PFAAs and their precursors to protect the high nutritional quality and cultural importance of country foods in Nunavik
Ălaboration et expĂ©rimentation dâun modĂšle intĂ©grateur en accompagnement professionnel dans le cadre dâune recherche-action-formation
This research experiments an innovative integrative model of professional support in collaboration with two health and physical education teachers. The objectives of this article are to describe: 1) the modifications made to the model by the participants and 2) the strengths and the elements to improve this process. To meet these objectives, two methods of data collection were used in a collaborative action research: 1) group interviews and 2) logbooks. The main finding is that this professional development device has several strengths, but requires a significant commitment from the participants.
Keywords: professional support, professional development, collaborative action research, health education, health and physical educationCette recherche expĂ©rimente un modĂšle intĂ©grateur novateur en accompagnement professionnel en collaboration avec deux enseignantes dâĂ©ducation physique et Ă la santĂ©. Les objectifs de cet article sont de dĂ©crire : 1) les modifications apportĂ©es au modĂšle par les participantes et 2) les forces et les Ă©lĂ©ments Ă amĂ©liorer de la dĂ©marche dâaccompagnement. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă ces objectifs, nous avons utilisĂ© deux mĂ©thodes de collecte de donnĂ©es dans une recherche-action-formation, soit : 1) des entretiens collectifs et 2) des journaux de bord. Le principal constat est que la dĂ©marche dâaccompagnement prĂ©sente plusieurs forces selon les participantes, mais nĂ©cessite un engagement important de leur part.
Mots-clés : accompagnement professionnel, développement professionnel, recherche-action-formation, éducation à la santé, éducation physique et à la sant
- âŠ