18 research outputs found

    Minimal time problem for a fed-batch bioreactor with a non admissible singular arc

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    International audienceIn this paper, we consider an optimal control problem for a system describing a fed-batch bioreactor with one species and one substrate. Our aim is to find an optimal feedback control in order to steer the system to a given target in minimal time. The growth function is of Haldane type implying the existence of a singular arc. Unlike many studies on the minimal time problem governed by an affine system w.r.t. the control with one input, we assume that the singular arc is non-necessary controllable. This brings interesting issues in terms of optimal synthesis. Thanks to the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we provide the optimal synthesis of the problem, It turns out that singular extremal trajectories are no longer optimal on a subset of the singular arc

    Anemia management in non-menopausal women in a primary care setting: a prospective evaluation of clinical practice

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    Abstract Background The study aimed to analyze anemia management in non-pregnant, and non-menopausal women aged from 18 to 50 years old, in a French primary care setting. Methods An observational descriptive prospective study was conducted between November 2018 and February 2019. Inclusion criteria were as followed: anemia diagnosed in women aged from 18 to 50, not pregnant and not menopausal. Quantitative and qualitative data were anonymized and collected through an electronic survey. Investigating general practitioners completed the questionnaire for each newly diagnosed woman. Mean values and medians were calculated for the quantitative data. Answers to the open questions were encoded manually and proportions of the different modalities have been calculated. Results Altogether, 43 women with anemia were ascertained. Moderate microcytic anemia, due to an iron deficiency in a context of menorrhagia, was the most observed anemia profile. The mean value of hemoglobin was 10.5 ± 1 g/dl. Among these women: 32 (74%) presented an iron deficiency, 17 (53%) had inappropriate intakes, and 9 (28%) reported menorrhagia. For 17 (40%) women, unnecessary or inappropriate exams were prescribed. The investigations did not allow to establish a differential diagnosis for 12 women (28%). Even for similar clinical situations, anemia management was variable. Among the women who presented iron deficiency, 15 (47%) were informed about an iron-rich diet and received a daily iron supplementation of ferrous sulfate between 80 mg and 160 mg. Conclusions Our study highlights that, in the absence of specific national guidelines for anemia management in non-pregnant, non-menopausal women in primary care settings, French GPs undergo various clinical management strategies leading to a heterogeneous, sometimes inappropriate follow-up. Women with iron deficiency were prescribed higher daily iron supplementation than recommended, according to new evidence, suggesting a maximal daily dose of 50 mg of elementary iron in a context of Hepcidin up-regulation in the case of an iron overload. Additional longitudinal studies with a bigger sample size and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our results and to elaborate national guidelines

    Etat des lieux des prescriptions des médecins généralistes Maßtres de Stage des Universités du Nord Pas-de-Calais pour les patients atteints de la maladie d Alzheimer

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    INTRODUCTION : La maladie d Alzheimer (MA) est un problĂšme de santĂ© publique majeur. L objectif principal Ă©tait : faire l Ă©tat des lieux des moyens thĂ©rapeutiques utilisĂ©s par les mĂ©decins gĂ©nĂ©ralistes (MG) MaĂźtres de Stage des UniversitĂ©s (MSU) du Nord-Pas-de-Calais dans la MA. Les objectifs secondaires Ă©taient : montrer pour quelles raisons et par qui est dĂ©cidĂ© l arrĂȘt du traitement symptomatique de la MA ; faire l Ă©tat des lieux de leurs prescriptions face aux troubles de l humeur et du comportement des patients atteints de la MA. METHODES : Une enquĂȘte rĂ©trospective, descriptive, quantitative, a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e auprĂšs de MG, MSU, installĂ©s en libĂ©ral dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Un questionnaire anonyme crĂ©Ă© sous LimeSurveyÂź, a Ă©tĂ© envoyĂ© par mail. Les donnĂ©es exportĂ©es sous tableur ExcelÂź, ont Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©es par les statisticiens de la plateforme d aide mĂ©thodologique du pĂŽle de santĂ© publique du CHRU de Lille. RESULTATS : Le taux de rĂ©ponse Ă©tait de 52,48%. Tous les MSU avaient recours aux intervenants paramĂ©dicaux avec une prĂ©dominance pour ceux utiles aux activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne. TrĂšs peu utilisaient des thĂ©rapies alternatives. 70,42% avaient recours Ă  l accueil de jour, 71,83% Ă  l hĂ©bergement temporaire et 77,46% sollicitaient des associations ou rĂ©seaux d aides. Selon les MSU, le traitement symptomatique Ă©tait souvent arrĂȘtĂ© par eux (54,41%) et moins souvent par les spĂ©cialistes (37,68%). Les raisons d arrĂȘt Ă©taient des bĂ©nĂ©fices attendus faibles (88,06%), une inefficacitĂ© (76,47%), des effets secondaires (67,65%). Face aux troubles de l humeur et du comportement, les MSU prescrivaient davantage d anxiolytiques Ă  demi-vie courte (92,86%) et d antidĂ©presseurs (90,14%). CONCLUSION : En association au traitement mĂ©dicamenteux, les MSU utilisaient largement les moyens nonmĂ©dicamenteux Ă  leur disposition pour une prise en charge globale des patients atteints de la MA.LILLE2-BU SantĂ©-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Fed-batch bioreactor with mortality rate

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    International audienceWe address the problem of finding an optimal feedback control for feeding a fed-batchbioreactor with one species and one substrate, from a given initial condition to a given targetvalue in a minimal amount of time. Mortality rate for the biomass and nutrient recycling are taken into account in this work. The optimal synthesis (optimal feeding strategy) has been obtained by Moreno in 1999 when both mortality and recycling are considered negligible, in the case of Monod and Haldane growth function. Our objective is to study the effect of mortalityand recycling on the optimal synthesis. We provide an optimal synthesis of the problem usingPontryagin maximum principle, which extends the result of Moreno in the impulsive frameworkwith mortality and recycling effect

    A face-to-face national congress experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report focussing on the risk of COVID-19 contamination

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    Background: The Congress of the National College of Academic General Practitioners took place in France in June 2021. In total, 1300 participants were registered, provoking concerns about the risk of COVID-19 contamination. Objectives: The study objective was to report participation in the first French face-to-face medical congress after restrictions due to COVID-19 and whether it resulted in COVID-19 contamination. Methods: We performed two web-based surveys of respectively 46 and 33 questions. The first questionnaire was sent to all congress participants during the congress (and to a panel of non-participants) and investigated demographic characteristics, medical conditions, behaviours related to COVID-19 contamination risk, and the interest of face-to-face congress as compared to virtual congress. Two weeks after the congress, a questionnaire was addressed to the same population and to university General Practice departments to identify incident COVID-19 cases among participants. Results: A total of 1001 general practitioners and residents completed the first questionnaire; 752 participated in the congress. The respondents were mainly women (61.3%), with a mean age of 35 (SD 10) years, 96.2% had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and 11.4% considered themselves at risk for a severe form of COVID-19 for medical reasons. Concerning the interest in attending the congress face-to-face, mean score was 9 over 10 (SD 1.5). No case of COVID-19 was reported among participants according to the second questionnaire (449 respondents). Conclusion: During a world pandemic, even participants considering themselves at risk came to a medical congress, highlighting the networking and social aspects of a face-to-face congress

    A face-to-face national congress experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report focussing on the risk of COVID-19 contamination

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    Background: The Congress of the National College of Academic General Practitioners took place in France in June 2021. In total, 1300 participants were registered, provoking concerns about the risk of COVID-19 contamination. Objectives: The study objective was to report participation in the first French face-to-face medical congress after restrictions due to COVID-19 and whether it resulted in COVID-19 contamination. Methods: We performed two web-based surveys of respectively 46 and 33 questions. The first questionnaire was sent to all congress participants during the congress (and to a panel of non-participants) and investigated demographic characteristics, medical conditions, behaviours related to COVID-19 contamination risk, and the interest of face-to-face congress as compared to virtual congress. Two weeks after the congress, a questionnaire was addressed to the same population and to university General Practice departments to identify incident COVID-19 cases among participants. Results: A total of 1001 general practitioners and residents completed the first questionnaire; 752 participated in the congress. The respondents were mainly women (61.3%), with a mean age of 35 (SD 10) years, 96.2% had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and 11.4% considered themselves at risk for a severe form of COVID-19 for medical reasons. Concerning the interest in attending the congress face-to-face, mean score was 9 over 10 (SD 1.5). No case of COVID-19 was reported among participants according to the second questionnaire (449 respondents). Conclusion: During a world pandemic, even participants considering themselves at risk came to a medical congress, highlighting the networking and social aspects of a face-to-face congress

    Déterminants du respect du temps de formation en stage des étudiants de 3e cycle de médecine générale en France

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    National audienceContexte. La formation des Ă©tudiants en 3e cycle de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale repose sur une alternance rĂ©guliĂšre entre temps de stage et temps hors stage, dont la complĂ©mentaritĂ© est gage de qualitĂ©. Plusieurs enquĂȘtes d’opinion ont fait Ă©tat d’un dĂ©passement frĂ©quent du temps de travail en stage avec un niveau de preuve bas.Objectif. DĂ©crire le temps de travail en stage des Ă©tudiants en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale et en identifier les dĂ©terminants.MĂ©thode. EnquĂȘte observationnelle transversale, descriptive et analytique menĂ©e auprĂšs de l’ensemble des Ă©tudiants en 3e cycle de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale en stage au moment de l’étude. Recueil des donnĂ©es entre septembre et octobre 2019. Une analyse bivariĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e entre le temps de travail en stage et les caractĂ©ristiques des Ă©tudiants et des stages. Une analyse multivariĂ©e par rĂ©gression linĂ©aire multiple a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par la mĂ©thode du pas Ă  pas descendant.RĂ©sultats. Deux mille trois Ă©tudiants ont rĂ©pondu Ă  l’enquĂȘte. Le nombre moyen de demi-journĂ©es passĂ©es en stage Ă©tait de 9,54 (IC95 = 9,43- 9,65) tous stages confondus. Plusieurs dĂ©terminants d’un allongement du temps de stage ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©s, dont le caractĂšre hospitalier du stage (p < 0,01), une charge de travail ressentie importante (p < 0,01) ou une difficultĂ© ressentie Ă  se rendre disponible pour participer aux enseignements facultaires (p < 0,01).Conclusion. Le temps de travail moyen des Ă©tudiants dĂ©passe la limite rĂ©glementaire et est mieux respectĂ© en stage ambulatoire. Ce dĂ©passement est principalement dĂ» Ă  un rĂŽle jugĂ© excessif des Ă©tudiants dans le fonctionnement du stage

    Déterminants du respect du temps de formation en stage des étudiants de 3e cycle de médecine générale en France

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    National audienceContexte. La formation des Ă©tudiants en 3e cycle de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale repose sur une alternance rĂ©guliĂšre entre temps de stage et temps hors stage, dont la complĂ©mentaritĂ© est gage de qualitĂ©. Plusieurs enquĂȘtes d’opinion ont fait Ă©tat d’un dĂ©passement frĂ©quent du temps de travail en stage avec un niveau de preuve bas.Objectif. DĂ©crire le temps de travail en stage des Ă©tudiants en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale et en identifier les dĂ©terminants.MĂ©thode. EnquĂȘte observationnelle transversale, descriptive et analytique menĂ©e auprĂšs de l’ensemble des Ă©tudiants en 3e cycle de mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale en stage au moment de l’étude. Recueil des donnĂ©es entre septembre et octobre 2019. Une analyse bivariĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e entre le temps de travail en stage et les caractĂ©ristiques des Ă©tudiants et des stages. Une analyse multivariĂ©e par rĂ©gression linĂ©aire multiple a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par la mĂ©thode du pas Ă  pas descendant.RĂ©sultats. Deux mille trois Ă©tudiants ont rĂ©pondu Ă  l’enquĂȘte. Le nombre moyen de demi-journĂ©es passĂ©es en stage Ă©tait de 9,54 (IC95 = 9,43- 9,65) tous stages confondus. Plusieurs dĂ©terminants d’un allongement du temps de stage ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©s, dont le caractĂšre hospitalier du stage (p < 0,01), une charge de travail ressentie importante (p < 0,01) ou une difficultĂ© ressentie Ă  se rendre disponible pour participer aux enseignements facultaires (p < 0,01).Conclusion. Le temps de travail moyen des Ă©tudiants dĂ©passe la limite rĂ©glementaire et est mieux respectĂ© en stage ambulatoire. Ce dĂ©passement est principalement dĂ» Ă  un rĂŽle jugĂ© excessif des Ă©tudiants dans le fonctionnement du stage
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