Forage Plants at the Highmore Sub-Station, 1906

The season of 1906 at the Highmore Experiment Station was one of considerable rainfall. The precipitation for the year amounted to about twenty-five inches which is but a trifle under that of 1905. This precipitation, however, was not the greatest in the same months of the year as that in 1905. In 1906 considerable rain fell during the months of May and August, with but very little during the months of June and July. In 1905 the fall was very uniform and heavy during the months of May, June and July. Both seasons were favorable to the production of large crops of both corn and forage. The scant rainfall during the month of July and early part of August in 1906 was very noticeable in its effect upon crops and probably materially lessened the yield of some kinds. The rain on the 9th of August came just in time to save many of the crops which would otherwise have suffered. (See table 1.) The work of the Highmore Experiment Station, in all lines, is very encouraging. It may be that this condition is due to the excessive rainfall of the last two years, but it appears to the writer that this is not wholly the case. The work seems to be so well in hand that it is doubtful if any dry spell such as has been experienced in years past can materially check: the progress of the work. Plant-breeding work is being extended so as to cover many of the crops which seem to show adaptability to the region. Alfalfa, millet, sorghum and corn are receiving their due share of attention, and some work is also being done with annual leguminous plants and grasses. The work with all of the crops has been very satisfactory

Forage Plants and Cereals at the Highmore Sub-Station for 1904-5

The State Agricultural Experiment Station at Highmore, Hyde County, South Dakota, has been in operation for seven years of the location in testing and developing drouth [sic] resistant crops. Hyde County is fairly representative of a large portion of the state from the James River west, which is not well represented by the Brookings Station. The primary purpose of the Highmore Station was to test and develop grasses and forage crops, as it was supposed that this region would be largely a grass country instead of a farming country. Later developments have shown it desirable and in fact necessary to enlarge somewhat upon the work as it was first planned. Co-operative work with the United States Department of Agriculture in the testing of varieties of cereals has been carried on for three years. The report of this work as given by Mr. John S. Cole forms the latter part of this bulletin. The experimental farm at Highmore consists of 117 acres of land. The character of the soil and the lay of the land is somewhat poorer than the average in Hyde County. This, however, is not a disadvantage, for on this account no one can consider the records from the Highmore Station as coming from an unusually good piece of land and, therefore, unreliable for general comparisons

Process model for the successful implementation and demonstration of SME-based industry 4.0 showcases in global production networks

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which operate as suppliers in global production networks (GPN), often times lack behind large enterprises in terms of Industry 4.0 implementation. For this reason, scientific contributions recommend SMEs to approach Industry 4.0 through pilot projects in which individual Industry 4.0 use cases are developed and implemented. Hence, to allow for a targeted development and implementation of Industry 4.0 use cases for SMEs in GPN, this paper proposes a five-step process model that seeks to make use of Industry 4.0 potentials in terms of increased product qualities and logistics performances within such networks. In contrast to existing process models, this paper follows a holistic approach that initially focuses on the identification of potential problems that impede increased product qualities and logistics performances. Building upon these problems, potential Industry 4.0 solutions are derived and transferred into use cases using a structured idea generation and selection process. After the successful implementation of the use case, the procedure is completed by the conversion of the use case into a showcase that might serve as a lighthouse project illustrating the potentials of Industry 4.0 for other production network partners. For testing its practicability, the procedure is exemplarily applied to the GPN of an automotive supplier

Attentional control of spatial scale: effects on self-organized motion patterns

AbstractPrior to the presentation of a test stimulus, subjects’ attentional state was either narrowly focused on a particular location or broadly spread over a large spatial region. In previous studies, it was found that broadly spread attention enhances the sensitivity of relatively large spatial filters (increasing the perceiver’s spatial scale), thereby diminishing spatial resolution and enhancing sensitivity to global stimulus structure. In this study it is shown that attentional spread also affects the self-organization of unidirectional versus oscillatory motion patterns for the directionally ambiguous, counterphase presentation of rows of evenly-spaced visual elements (lines segments; dots); i.e. qualitatively different motion patterns can be formed for the same stimulus at different spatial scales. Although the degree to which attention is spread along a spatial axis can be controlled by the perceiver, the effects of spread attention are not limited to a single axis. These results, as well as previously observed effects of attentional spread on spatial resolution, are accounted for by a neural model involving large, foveally-centered receptive fields with co-operatively interacting subunits (probably at the level of MST or higher)

Geochemistry of Ocean Floor and Fore-arc Serpentinites: Constraints on the Ultramafic Input to Subduction Zones

We provide new insights into the geochemistry of serpentinites from mid-ocean ridges (Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Hess Deep), passive margins (Iberia Abyssal Plain and Newfoundland) and fore-arcs (Mariana and Guatemala) based on bulk-rock and in situ mineral major and trace element compositional data collected on drill cores from the Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program. These data are important for constraining the serpentinite-hosted trace element inventory of subduction zones. Bulk serpentinites show up to several orders of magnitude enrichments in Cl, B, Sr, U, Sb, Pb, Rb, Cs and Li relative to elements of similar compatibility during mantle melting, which correspond to the highest primitive mantle-normalized B/Nb, B/Th, U/Th, Sb/Ce, Sr/Nd and Li/Y among subducted lithologies of the oceanic lithosphere (serpentinites, sediments and altered igneous oceanic crust). Among the elements showing relative enrichment, Cl and B are by far the most abundant with bulk concentrations mostly above 1000 µg g−1 and 30 µg g−1, respectively. All other trace elements showing relative enrichments are generally present in low concentrations (µg g−1 level), except Sr in carbonate-bearing serpentinites (thousands of µg g−1). In situ data indicate that concentrations of Cl, B, Sr, U, Sb, Rb and Cs are, and that of Li can be, increased by serpentinization. These elements are largely hosted in serpentine (lizardite and chrysotile, but not antigorite). Aragonite precipitation leads to significant enrichments in Sr, U and B, whereas calcite is important only as an Sr host. Commonly observed brucite is trace element-poor. The overall enrichment patterns are comparable among serpentinites from mid-ocean ridges, passive margins and fore-arcs, whereas the extents of enrichments are often specific to the geodynamic setting. Variability in relative trace element enrichments within a specific setting (and locality) can be several orders of magnitude. Mid-ocean ridge serpentinites often show pronounced bulk-rock U enrichment in addition to ubiquitous Cl, B and Sr enrichment. They also exhibit positive Eu anomalies on chondrite-normalized rare earth element plots. Passive margin serpentinites tend to have higher overall incompatible trace element contents than mid-ocean ridge and fore-arc serpentinites and show the highest B enrichment among all the studied serpentinites. Fore-arc serpentinites are characterized by low overall trace element contents and show the lowest Cl, but the highest Rb, Cs and Sr enrichments. Based on our data, subducted dehydrating serpentinites are likely to release fluids with high B/Nb, B/Th, U/Th, Sb/Ce and Sr/Nd, rendering them one of the potential sources of some of the characteristic trace element fingerprints of arc magmas (e.g. high B/Nb, high Sr/Nd, high Sb/Ce). However, although serpentinites are a substantial part of global subduction zone chemical cycling, owing to their low overall trace element contents (except for B and Cl) their geochemical imprint on arc magma sources (apart from addition of H2O, B and Cl) can be masked considerably by the trace element signal from subducted crustal component

Corrigendum: Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Relate to Distinct Oscillatory Signatures of Sensory Gating

Oscillatory activity in neural populations and temporal synchronization within these populations are important mechanisms contributing to perception and cognition. In schizophrenia, perception and cognition are impaired. Aberrant gating of irrelevant sensory information, which has been related to altered oscillatory neural activity, presumably contributes to these impairments. However, the link between schizophrenia symptoms and sensory gating deficits, as reflected in oscillatory activity, is not clear. In this electroencephalography study, we used a paired-stimulus paradigm to investigate frequency-resolved oscillatory activity in 22 schizophrenia patients and 22 healthy controls. We found sensory gating deficits in patients compared to controls, as reflected in reduced gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony difference between the first and the second auditory stimulus. We correlated these markers of neural activity with a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Gamma-band power sensory gating was positively correlated with positive symptoms. Moreover, alpha-band phase synchrony sensory gating was negatively correlated with negative symptoms. A cluster analysis revealed three schizophrenia phenotypes, characterized by (i) aberrant gamma-band power and high positive symptoms, (ii) aberrant alpha-band phase synchrony, low positive, and low negative symptom scores or (iii) by intact sensory gating and high negative symptoms.Our study demonstrates that aberrant neural synchronization, as reflected in gamma-band power and alpha-band phase synchrony, relates to the schizophrenia psychopathology. Different schizophrenia phenotypes express distinct levels of positive and negative symptoms as well as varying degrees of aberrant oscillatory neural activity. Identifying the individual phenotype might improve therapeutic interventions

Asymmetric Thermal Lineshape Broadening in a Gapped 3-Dimensional Antiferromagnet - Evidence for Strong Correlations at Finite Temperature

It is widely believed that magnetic excitations become increasingly incoherent as temperature is raised due to random collisions which limit their lifetime. This picture is based on spin-wave calculations for gapless magnets in 2 and 3 dimensions and is observed experimentally as a symmetric Lorentzian broadening in energy. Here, we investigate a three-dimensional dimer antiferromagnet and find unexpectedly that the broadening is asymmetric - indicating that far from thermal decoherence, the excitations behave collectively like a strongly correlated gas. This result suggests that a temperature activated coherent state of quasi-particles is not confined to special cases like the highly dimerized spin-1/2 chain but is found generally in dimerized antiferromagnets of all dimensionalities and perhaps gapped magnets in general

Reconstructing annual inflows to the headwater catchments of the Murray River, Australia, using the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a major forcing of inter-decadal to quasi-centennial variability of the hydroclimatology of the Pacific Basin. Its effects are most pronounced in the extra-tropical regions, while it modulates the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the largest forcing of global inter-annual climate variability. PalaeoPDO indices are now available for at least the past 500 years. Here we show that the \u3e500 year PDO index of Shen et al. (2006) is highly correlated with inflows to the headwaters of Australia\u27s longest river system, the Murray-Darling. We then use the PDO to reconstruct annual inflows to the Murray River back to A.D. 1474. These show penta-decadal and quasi-centennial cycles of low inflows and a possible 500 year cycle of much greater inflow variability. Superimposed on this is the likely influence of recent anthropogenic global warming. We believe this may explain the exceptionally low inflows of the past decade, the lowest of the previous 529 years

Quantum spin chain as a potential realization of the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model

It is well established that long-range magnetic order is suppressed in magnetic systems whose interactions are low-dimensional. The prototypical example is the S-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (S-1/2 HAFC) whose ground state is quantum critical. In real S-1/2 HAFC compounds interchain coupling induces long-range magnetic order although with a suppressed ordered moment and reduced N\'eel temperature compared to the Curie-Weiss temperature. Recently, it was suggested that order can also be suppressed if the interchain interactions are frustrated, as for the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model. Here, we study the new S-1/2 HAFC, (NO)[Cu(NO3)3]. This material shows extreme suppression of order which furthermore is incommensurate revealing the presence of frustration consistent with the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model