12 research outputs found

    Physical features of soil quality under an agroforestry system

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    Os sistemas agroflorestais são uma alternativa sustentável de produção agropecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de um solo sob sistema agroflorestal, mediante a quantificação dos seguintes atributos físicos do solo: densidade, porosidade, resistência à penetração e estabilidade dos agregados. O solo sob sistema agroflorestal apresentou qualidade superior, quando comparado ao mesmo solo cultivado em sistema convencional, apresentando menor densidade, maior porosidade, menor resistência à penetração e maior agregação. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAgroforestry systems seem to be a sustainable alternative for agricultural production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of a soil used under an agroforestry system by the quantification of the following soil physical attributes: density, porosity, resistance to penetration and aggregate stability. The soil under agroforestry exhibited a superior quality compared to the same soil cultivated by a conventional system, reflected by smaller soil density, higher porosity, lesser resistance to penetration and higher aggregate stability

    Atributos físicos da qualidade de um solo sob sistema agroflorestal

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    Agroforestry systems seem to be a sustainable alternative for agricultural production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of a soil used under an agroforestry system by the quantification of the following soil physical attributes: density, porosity, resistance to penetration and aggregate stability. The soil under agroforestry exhibited a superior quality compared to the same soil cultivated by a conventional system, reflected by smaller soil density, higher porosity, lesser resistance to penetration and higher aggregate stability.Os sistemas agroflorestais são uma alternativa sustentável de produção agropecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de um solo sob sistema agroflorestal, mediante a quantificação dos seguintes atributos físicos do solo: densidade, porosidade, resistência à penetração e estabilidade dos agregados. O solo sob sistema agroflorestal apresentou qualidade superior, quando comparado ao mesmo solo cultivado em sistema convencional, apresentando menor densidade, maior porosidade, menor resistência à penetração e maior agregação

    Caracterização florística, fitossociológica e regeneração natural do sub-bosque da reserva genética florestal Tamanduá, DF.

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    This work was carried out in the Tamanduá Forest Genetic Reserve, in Brasília, Brazil, comprised mainly by gallery forest. It aimed to assess the floristic composition, natural regeneration and the spatial distribution of the main woody species in  the undergrowth. The species were Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) O. Kuntze, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F.Macbr., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, Virola sebifera Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee & Lang., Aspidosperma discolor A. St. Hil., Astronium fraxinifolium Schott and Schefflera morototoni B. Maguire, Stey. & Frodin, all considered priorities for in situ conservation. Five transects were used, each 10 meters wide, laid perpendicular to the main watercourse in the studied area. A total of  21,482 regenerants per hectare were found in 69 species, 53 genera and 39 families. The families which had the largest numbers of species as seedlings were, in descending order, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Meliaceae. Surveying of young individuals, the dominant families with higher importance value (IV) were as follows: Meliaceae (32.78 %), Rubiaceae (13.92 %), Burseraceae (13.76 %), Rutaceae (8.54 %) and Hippocrateaceae (6.36 %), accounting for  75.36 % of total IV and 78.56 % of  cover. All target species studied were represented among regenerants, especially Cariniana estrelllensis. However, only Copaifera langsdorffii and Virola sebifera were found among young individuals. A mixture quotient of 1:3 was calculated and indicates a forest rich in species, when compared to other similar forest formations. The spatial distribution of the regenerant species showed different patterns.O presente trabalho, desenvolvido na Reserva Genética Florestal Tamanduá, DF, teve como objetivo efetuar o levantamento fitossociológico, composição florística e distribuição espacial dos indivíduos das espécies arbóreas ocorrentes no sub-bosque da Reserva, focalizando Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) O. Kuntze, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F.Macbr., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, Virola sebifera Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee & Lang., Aspidosperma discolor A. St. Hil., Astronium fraxinifolium Schott e Schefflera morototoni B. Maguire, Stey. & Frodin, consideradas prioritárias para conservação in situ. Foram utilizados cinco transectos com 10 m de largura cada, alocados eqüidistantes e de comprimento variável, demarcados perpendicularmente ao curso da drenagem principal. Foram encontrados 21.482 regenerantes ha-1 em 69 espécies vegetais, 53 gêneros e 39 famílias botânicas. Em número de espécies, as famílias que mais se destacaram entre os regenerantes foram, em ordem decrescente, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae e Meliaceae. Entre os jovens, as famílias com maiores valor de importância (VI) foram pela ordem Meliaceae (32,78 %), Rubiceae (13,92 %), Burseraceae (13,76 %), Rutaceae (8,54 %) e Hippocrateaceae (6,36), totalizando 75,36 % de valor de importância e 78,56 % de valor de cobertura. Todas as espécies objeto deste trabalho ocorreram entre os regenerantes, destacando-se Cariniana estrellensis, porém, apenas Copaifera lagsdorffii e Virola sebifera ocorreram entre os indivíduos jovens. O quociente de mistura de 1:3 indicou tratar-se de uma mata rica em espécies, comparativamente a outros tipos florestais. A distribuição espacial dos regenerantes das espécies em questão mostrou padrões diferenciados

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    O impacto do fogo na rebrota de algumas espécies de árvores do Cerrado

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    Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, 1994.O trabalho aborda o Impacto do fogo sobre a regeneração de nove espécies de árvores do cerrado, analisando o efeito acumulado de queimadas em anos subsequentes (1989 e 1990) na sobrevivência e crescimento das plantas. A área de estudo situa-se a 16 km ao sul de Brasília, a 15° 56' 41” e 47° 51' 02” nas faixas-tampão do Projeto Roncador que engloba áreas da Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília e da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE. A área disponível com fisionomia de "arvoredo de escrube-e-árvores" foi utilizada extensivamente, tendo sido estudados, sem o estabelecimento de parcelas, cerca de 7 hectares. A classe de amostragem adotada abrangeu todos os indivíduos com tamanho máximo de 5 cm de circunferência a 30 cm de altura, não havendo tamanho mínimo. As plantas foram marcadas junto à sua base, com estacas de ferro com etiquetas -de alumínio numeradas, medidas, catalogadas e identificadas por espécie. No total 1.470 plantas foram marcadas para monitoramento. As queimadas foram realizadas com o apoio dá Brigada de Incêndio da Reserva do Roncador e as queimas foram iniciadas, via de regra, a favor do vento. Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois tratamentos: queimados em dois anos seguidos (caso A) e queimados só no primeiro ano (caso B). As espécies estudadas são: Aspidosperma dasycarpon, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Caryocar brasiliense, Dalbergia miscolobium, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Stryphnodendron adstríngens, Sclerolobium paniculatum var. subvelutinum, Siphoneugena densifíora e Virola sebifera. Um total de 640 plantas foram efetivamente monitoradas durante dois anos seguidos. As maiores taxas de mortalidade registraram-se para Dalbergia miscolobium (12%), Stryphnodendron adstríngens (14%), Siphoneugena densifíora (14%) e Sclerolobium paniculatum (15%), todas no caso A. No caso B ocorreu mortalidade somente para Dalbergia miscolobium (6%). A análise dos dados de sobrevivência demonstrou haver diferença significativa entre os casos, estudados, quando tomadas todas as espécies em conjunto; ou seja, o efeito acumulado de duas queimadas aumentou a taxa de mortalidade à nível de comunidade. Um intervalo de onze meses para a rebrota não foi suficiente para a recuperação da altura pré-fogo nos indivíduos do caso A. A diferença média de altura de todas as espécies entre 1991 e 1990 foi de -9,1 cm (caso A) e de 6,9 cm (caso B). Como a altura anterior das plantas já era o resultado de rebrota após o fogo de 1989, houve uma redução real na altura atingida pela rebrota no tratamento com dois fogos seguidos, em relação ao tratamento com uma só queimada. As espécies que registraram maior diferença de crescimento entre os tratamentos foram Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Siphoneugena densiflora, Sderolobium paniculatum e Virola sebifera. Embora algumas espécies registrem mortalidade nula durante o período do estudo, as suas taxas de crescimento indicam um impacto fisiológico negativo importante após a segunda queimada. O estudo conclui que a altura atingida pela rebrota das espécies arbóreas, dentro da classe de tamanho estudada, é reduzida com a ocorrência de queimadas em dois anos seguidos, e a mortalidade tende a aumentar no conjunto das espécies estudadas, quando submetidas à fogo periódico de frequência anual.The objective of this research was to study the impact of fire on regeneration of nine tree species of cerrado, comparing the effect of prescribed fires in two consecutive years with one fire on survival and growth of the individuals. The study area was located 16 km south of Brasilia in the buffer zones and plots of the Projeto Roncador which includes areas of the Ecological Reserve of the Brasilia Botanical Garden and the Ecological Reserve of the IBGE. The study was done in an area of tree and shrub woodland, covering approximately 7 ha, but without use of permanent plots. The size class adopted in this study was confined to individuals with less than 5 cm in circunference at 30 cm above the ground. The localization of each individual was marked with an iron rod with a numbered tag, and the individuals were measured, and identified to species. A total of 1.470 individuals were initially marked. The prescribed fires were done with the help of the Fire Brigade of the Roncador Reserve and were started, in general, in favor of the wind. The individuals were separated in two treatments: fires in two consecutive years, 1989 and 1990 (CASE A), versus fire only in 1989 (CASE B). The species studied were: Aspidosperma dasycarpon, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Caryocar brasiliense, Dalbergia miscolobium, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Stryphnodendron adstringens, Sclerolobium paniculatum var. subvelutinum, Siphoneugena densiflora e Virola sebifera, with a total of 640 individuals being effectively used. The highest mortality rates were observed for Dalbergia miscolobium (12%), Stryphnodendron adstringens (14%), . Siphoneugena densiflora (14%) e Sclerolobium paniculatum (15%), in Case A. For Case B, mortality was observed only. for Dalbergia miscolobium (6%). Analysis of the survival data showed a significant difference between cases when all species were analysed together which showed a community level effect. None of the species in Case A reached their pre-1990 tree height after 11 months. The mean difference in height for all species between 1990 and 1991 was -9,1cm (Case A) and 6,9 cm (Case B). Since the heigth in 1990 reflected growth after the fire in 1989, there was a real reduction in growth capacity with two consecutive fires when compared to growth after one fire. The species with the largest difference between the two cases were: Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Siphoneugena densiflora, Sclerolobium paniculatum e Virola sebifera. Although some species did not have any mortality during the study period, their growth rates indicate an important negative physiological impact after the second fire. The conclusions of this research are that regrowth in height, within the size class studied, is reduced by two consecutive annual fires and mortality tends to increase at the -community level when compared to the effects of one fire
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