Étude d'un coagulant organique naturel pour le traitement des eaux potable et usées : le Tanfloc

Le Tanfloc est un coagulant organique naturel à base d’extrait de tanin. Ce produit est issu du métabolisme de certaines plantes, dont l’Acacia mearnsii, qui est utilisé pour sa production. Selon certaines études, le Tanfloc présenterait des performances d'abattement de la matière organique dissoute comparables à celles de l’alun dans le traitement des eaux de surface, avec l’avantage de ne pas être influencé par le pH. Il pourrait être également utilisé comme l’alun, dans le traitement des eaux usées, pour l'abattement de la DCO (Demande chimique en Oxygène), de la MES (Matière En Suspension) et de la demande biologique en oxygène. Contrairement aux autres coagulants organiques naturels, tels que le Moringa, le Tanfloc est présenté comme le coagulant organique qui pourrait être un alternatif aux coagulants inorganiques tels que l’alun, dont l’utilisation présente quelques inconvénients. Les objectifs de cette étude, sont d’améliorer les connaissances sur ce coagulant : ses mécanismes de coagulation, ses performances, et d’étudier les possibilités de son utilisation dans le traitement des eaux usées et dans la potabilisation en comparaison avec l’alun. En eau potable, les résultats de séries de jar tests réalisées avec des sources d’eau différentes (Fleuve Saint Laurent et la Rivière Chaudière), montrent que le résiduel de COD (Carbone organique dissous) du Tanfloc en plus de dégrader la qualité de l’eau traitée, implique une demande en chlore plus élevée. Cependant, il semble que cet apport de COD ne soit pas précurseur des sous-produits de désinfection. En outre, tout comme l’alun, ses performances sont influencées par la variation du pH, de la dose et des caractéristiques de l’eau brute. En eaux usées, bien qu’il ne permette pas l’abattement de l’azote total et du phosphore total, le Tanfloc pourrait être utilisé dans le traitement des eaux usées (traitement primaire), car il permet selon nos résultats un meilleur abattement de la DCO et de la MES que l’alun. En outre, le caractère organique des boues produites suite à l’utilisation du Tanfloc pourrait améliorer leurs valorisations.Tanfloc is a tannin extracts-based natural and organic coagulant. Tannin is derived from the metabolism of some plants like Acacia mearnsii which is used in its production. Some studies suggest that Tanfloc offers a reduction performance of dissolved organic matter similar to that of alum for the treatment of surface waters, with the advantage that the pH has no impact on it. Like alum, it can be used in waste water treatment to reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), and Biological Oxygen Demand. Unlike other natural organic coagulants such as Moringa, Tanflloc is seen as the organic coagulant which might be a suitable alternative to inorganic coagulants like alum whose use presents some disadvantages. The objectives of this research were to improve on the knowledge about this coagulant: how it works, its performance; and to investigate its potential use in waste and potable water treatment as compared to alum. As far as potable water is concerned, the results of jar tests on different water sources (St. Lawrence River and Chaudière River) show that Tanfloc’s DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) residual does not only degrade treated water quality, but also involves a higher chlorine demand. However, it appears that this COD residue is not a harbinger of disinfection by-products. Moreover, as it is the case with alum, pH variation, dosing, and raw water characteristics have an impact on Tanfloc’s performance. As far as waste water is concerned, although Tanfloc does not reduce total nitrogen and total phosphorus, it can be used in waste water treatment (primary treatment) because our results suggest that it enables a better reduction of COD and SS than alum. Furthermore, the resulting sludge from Tanfloc’s use is organic and this can add to its valuation

Fired clay bricks using agricultural biomass wastes: Study and characterization

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the incorporation of renewable pore-forming agents on the properties of fired bricks. Different additives have been studied (wheat straw, sunflower seed cake and olive stone flour) at different grinding and incorporation rate. Physical properties such as linear shrinkage, loss on ignition, bulk porosity, water absorption and bulk density have been measured. Mechanical and thermal performances have also been characterized. The incorporation of 4wt.% of sunflower seed cake, with the lowest grinding, leads to the best compromise between mechanical and thermal results compared to the reference brick

Efficacy of Anakinra for Various Types of Crystal-Induced Arthritis in Complex Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

International audienceBackground. There are few data on anakinra use after failure of conventional medications for crystal-induced peripheral arthritis and/or crowned dens syndrome among complex hospitalized patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of six patients affected with subacute crystal-induced arthritis who had received anakinra in second or third line therapy, including three patients with crowned dens syndrome and three others with gouty arthritis. Patients' comorbidities, reasons for anakinra use and associated drugs, and outcomes were recorded. Results. All patients presented with elevated inflammatory syndrome, systemic symptoms with poly/oligoarthritis. Except for absolute contraindications, all patients were previously treated with full or decreased dose of NSAID, colchicine, and/or glucocorticoids, with unsatisfactory response. All three gouty patients exhibited complete responses in all acute involvements under anakinra within 3 to 5 days, including one of them who needed the reintroduction of colchicine treatment that was previously unsuccessful. Crowned dens syndrome patients, including two with pseudogout and one with subacute hydroxyapatite deposition disease, needed 9 to 11 days to achieve complete response. Tolerance to anakinra was good. Conclusion. In case series of complex hospitalized patients, anakinra showed good activity in crowned dens syndrome and associated crystal-induced peripheral arthritis, with longer treatment duration than in gouty arthritis

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Associated with Plasmodium vivax Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an unusual syndrome characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and pathologic findings of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow and other tissues. HLH may be familial or associated with different types of infections, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies. Infection-associated HLH has been reported in various viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, and case reports of parasitic infections implicated in HLH include rare cases from Plasmodium vivax infection, which occasionally affects both military personnel and civilians in Korea. We describe an unusual case of HLH resulting from Plasmodium vivax infection and review the literature. This case suggests that clinical suspicion of HLH is important when P. vivax infection is accompanied by cytopenias. Administration of antimalarial drugs may prevent irreversible end organ damage resulting from P. vivax-associated HLH

Intravascular lymphoma presenting as a specific pulmonary embolism and acute respiratory failure: a case report

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Intra-Alveolar Haemorrhage Complicating IgA Vasculitis: A Case Report, Literature Review and Discussion of Treatment

Introduction: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a small-vessel vasculitis with IgA-dominant immune deposits. IgAV frequently involves the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and kidneys. In contrast to other types of small-vessel vasculitis, IgAV is rarely complicated by intraalveolar haemorrhage (IAH). Methods/Results: We describe a patient with relapsing bladder cancer who presented with IAH during the course of IgAV successfully treated with corticosteroids alone. Conclusion: This case report reminds us that IgAV can manifest with IAH. There are no robust data to support the systematic use of cyclophosphamide or plasma exchange as first-line therapy for IgAV with IA

Early-onset Childhood Sarcoidosis with Incidental Multiple Enchondromatosis

The triad of rash, arthritis, and uveitis seems to be characteristic for early-onset childhood sarcoidosis. We describe an interesting case of early-onset childhood sarcoidosis coexisting enchondromatosis, which clinically masquerade as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A 33 months old girl presented with skin rash, subcutaneous nodules with polyarthritis, and revealed the involvement of lymph nodes as well as spleen during work-up. She also presented with multiple osteolytic lesions which pathologically proven enchondromatosis. Oral prednisone was prescribed at 2 mg/kg/day for 2 months until when subcutaneous nodules and joint swellings almost disappeared, and then slowly tapered over a period of 5 months. We report an unusual case of early-onset childhood sarcoidosis presented with osteolytic bone lesions which were irrelevant to sarcoidosis

Efficacy of Continuous Interleukin 1 Blockade in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in 13 Adult Patients and Literature Review

OBJECTIVE: To report efficacy and tolerance of interleukin 1 blockade in adult patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). METHODS: We retrospectively collected data on 13 patients with MKD who had received anakinra (n = 10) and canakinumab (n = 7). RESULTS: Anakinra resulted in complete or partial remission in 3/10 and 5/10 patients, respectively, and no efficacy in 2/10, but a switch to canakinumab led to partial remission. Canakinumab resulted in complete or partial remission in 3/7 and 4/7 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data support frequent partial responses, showing a better response with canakinumab. The genotype and therapeutic outcomes correlation should help in the personalization of treatment

Aseptic Endocarditis in Behçet's Disease Presenting as Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

Aseptic endocarditis is an uncommon complication of Behçet's disease (BD). We describe a rare case of a 39-year-old female who had BD with aseptic endocarditis of the tricuspid valve (TV) presenting as tricuspid stenosis. She was diagnosed with BD four years ago. The mucocutaneous lesions were well-controlled with colchicine and short courses of corticosteroids. She remained free of signs and symptoms of BD for one year without any medication. Three months before admission, she gradually developed dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema. Echocardiography revealed dilated right atrium and markedly thickened TV with severe stenosis. TV replacement was performed. Pathologic examination of the valve showed fibrinoid necrotic material and inflammatory cell infiltration. Blood cultures and cultures of the excised valve were negative for microorganisms

Pulmonary intravascular lymphoma diagnosed by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in a man with long-term survival: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography can detect the pulmonary involvement of intravascular lymphoma that presents no abnormality in a computed tomography scan.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 61-year-old Japanese man who had pulmonary intravascular lymphoma and no computed tomography abnormality. We were able to make an antemortem diagnosis of pulmonary intravascular lymphoma by transbronchial lung biopsy according to 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography findings. He is free of recurrent disease 24 months after chemotherapy.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a long-term survivor of pulmonary intravascular lymphoma diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy under the guide of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.</p