Influence of natural and synthetic carotenoids on the color of egg yolk

Carotenoids are incorporated into the diet of laying hens in order to modify the yolk color. A natural source of carotenoids in tropical countries is annatto, which could be used in the diets of hens. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of natural (annatto) and synthetic carotenoids to the diet of laying hens (commercial and alternative) and their effects on yolk color and consumer sensory perception of fresh and stored eggs obtained from two different preparations (boiled and fried). Physicochemical analysis of proximate composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), emulsion activity and instrumental color were performed. Cooking caused significant alterations to the moisture in the preparations and this may have directly affected the color intensity, influencing factors related to egg appearance. In this study, 85 % of the panelists indicated that yolk color is an important attribute of the product’s quality. There was no antioxidant effect of the carotenoids in raw eggs. Synthetic additives should be better dosed to obtain the desired effect. Storage did not alter the proximate composition of the eggs

Viscosidade da clara de ovo proveniente de poedeiras de diferentes espécies com aditivos comerciais e naturais

Yolk color and egg white (albumen) cleanliness and viscosity are important parameters by which consumers judge the quality of eggs. This study aimed to investigate changes in albumen viscosity during storage of eggs for up to 36 days from two different commercial laying hen strains (Carijo Barbada and Isa Brown) fed a diet containing annatto (1.5 and 2.0%) or a synthetic additive without synthetic colorants (control). Analyses of humidity, albumen height, pH, viscosity, foam formation, and stability were carried out on eggs. Carijo Barbada strain had smaller albumen, lower humidity and higher egg white viscosity than Isa Brown strain; however, with storage, viscosity lowered significantly on both strains. Initially, the addition of 2.0% of annatto or a synthetic additive increased viscosity in both strains, but with storage only the control maintained longer viscosity. Lower viscosity did not change foam density and stability

Planejamento familiar e o impacto da laqueadura na taxa de natalidade no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática : Family planning and the impact of tubal sterilization in Brazil: a systematic review

Ao se buscar compreender o desenvolvimento social brasileiro, uma variável a ser considerada são os níveis de natalidade da nossa população e os métodos de organização e planejamento das famílias brasileiras, desta maneira este tem como objetivo fazer uma análise sistemática da relação entre as taxas de natalidade e o desenvolvimento de intervenções como a laqueadura, para tal este se embasou no método de pesquisa qualitativo com ênfase no levantamento bibliográfico. Concluindo que há uma relação muito íntima entre os métodos de contracepção e a queda de natalidade média brasileira

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Genetic analysis for growth rate and reproductive performace in meat-type chickens

A pesquisa foi realizada no Departamento de Genética da ESALQ / USP, em Piracicaba, SP, utilizando linhagens nacionais de galinhas para corte, com os objetivos de: a) avaliar o estado atual dos desempenhos reprodutivos e peso juvenil das linhagens; b) determinar a magnitude de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos da taxa de crescimento e desempenho reprodutivo das linhagens; c) verificar o nível de variabilidade genética existente entre as linhagens através de análises de variância e de índices de similaridade. Para avaliar o estágio de desenvolvimento do peso corporal das linhagens, foram pesadas individualmente ao completarem 28 dias de idade, 4565 aves originadas em 16 incubações semanais consecutivas. A título de comparação foram avaliadas também l 093 aves provenientes de ovos férteis produzidos por matrizes comerciais. A determinação de estimativas de repetibilidade para o peso corporal foi realizada com uma amostra casualizada de 526 aves, de ambos os sexos, das 12 linhagens experimentais, obtida na avaliação do peso corporal aos 28 dias de idade. Essas aves foram novamente pesadas aos 3 5 dias de idade para a obtenção de repetibilidades em modelo que envolveu efeitos fixos (linhagens) e aleatórios (aves dentro de linhagem) aos 3 5 dias de idade para a obtenção de repetibilidades em modelo que envolveu efeitos fixos (linhagens) e aleatórios (aves dentro de linhagem). A obtenção de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para as características número de ovos incubados (NOI), número de ovos férteis (NOF), número de pintos nascidos (NPTS), fertilidade % (FERT), eclodibilidade % (ECLOD) e nascimento % (NASC) associadas aos desempenhos reprodutivos das linhagens, foi realizada com 1908 observações registradas durante 16 incubações semanais consecutivas. Estimativas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e ambientais entre as características reprodutivas foram obtidas através de modelo que envolveu efeitos fixos (linhagens e incubações) e aleatórios (galinhas dentro de linhagens). Análises laboratoriais pela técnica do DNA fingerprinting (DFP) proporcionaram a obtenção de polimorfismos de DNA, com os quais se calcularam índices de similaridade (bandsharing) equivalentes as distâncias genéticas entre as linhagens que permitiram avaliar a variabilidade genética existente entre as mesmas. Concluiu-se do presente estudo que: a) a repetibilidade verificada para o peso corporal das linhagens no período de 28 a 35 dias de idade foi elevada, existindo boas perspectivas de melhoramento genético da taxa de crescimento através de seleção massal; b) as estimativas de herdabilidade para as características reprodutivas foram de pequena magnitude; c) as elevadas correlações genéticas entre as características NOF x NPTS e ECLOD x NASC indicam que esses caracteres são praticamente idênticos; d) as análises de DFP comprovaram a existência de nível expressivo de variabilidade genética entre as linhagens.This research was carried out at the Genetic Department of ESALQ / USP, in Piracicaba, SP, with brazilians lines of meat - type chickens. The objectives were: a) to evaluated the reproductive performance and juvenile weight of lines; b) to determine the overall magnitude of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth rate and reproductive performance of lines, c) to evaluate the genetic variability between Iines through variance analysis and similarity index. ln order to evaluate the growth rate of each tine 4565 progenies were produced in sixteen consecutive hatches produced weekly and the birds were individually weighted at 28 days of age. One thousand and ninety and three commercial broilers were also evaluated to be compared with the lines. Repeatabilities estimates for body weight were obtained from a randomized sample of 526 progenies of twelve experimental lines. Overall repeatabilities estimates were obtained by weighting individual birds at 28 and 3 5 days of age. The statistical model included lines as fixed effects and individual birds within line as random effects. Phenotypic and genetic parameters overall lines were obtained using 1908 observations taken from 16 weekly consecutive hatches for number of eggs hatched (NOI), number of fertile eggs (NOF), number of chicks hatched (NPTS), percentage of fertile eggs (FERT), percentage hatch of fertile eggs (ECLOD) and hatchability of all eggs set (NASC). Heritability estimates and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between reproductive traits were obtained by using a model in which was involved fixed effects (tines and hatches) and random effects (dam within line). DNA polymorphisms were obtained from DNA fingerprinting (DFP) analysis and these results were utilized for evaluated the genetic variability between lines through bandsharing (a similarity index). The main conclusions obtained were: a) repeatabilities for body weight from 28 to 35 days was high, indicating good prospects for genetic improvement of growth rate by individual selection; b) heritability estimates for reproductive traits were small; e) the high genetic correlations between NOF x NPTS and ECLOD x NASC indicated that these traits are virtually identical; d) the DFP analysis confirmed the existence of expressive genetic variability between lines