38 research outputs found

    Sang de belette et cervelle de corbeau : la médicalisation de la folie au Québec, 1600-1850

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    Like most areas of health that interested medicine in the 19th century, it was almost without opposition that insanity was to become a new medical specialty during the past century. The aim of this article is to shed some light on the dynamics that have allowed doctors since the I7tl% and 18th century to share their point of view with the general public for whom the existential causes of madness seem to have been taken for granted

    Le syndrome de la femme fatale : « Matricide » et représentation féminine au Québec, 1898-1940

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    Between 1867 and 1976, when the death penalty was abolished in Canada, sixteen women faced the death penalty in Québec for their crime. Five of them found guilty for murdering their husband. In a period where women had a specific role of spouse and mother, the murder of the husband was seen as the worst crime possible because it was seen as a transgression of their roles as women, wife and mother. This article examines the discourses of the judges and prosecutors in the trials of Québec women accused of killing their husbands. The authors tried to find common themes between these trials and clues that could explain why out of the five women executed in the recent history of Québec, four of them were for the same reason, because they had kill their husbands

    La curatelle et l'histoire des maladies mentales au Québec

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    Depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'histoire de la folie est devenue l'un des sujets de prédilection d'un bon nombre d'historiens, de sociologues et de philosophes. Cependant, les recherches sont effectuées, le plus souvent, à partir d'une documentation qui, somme toute, ne laisse filtrer que le discours d'une culture savante, rejetant ainsi dans l'ombre le quotidien du « fou » ou de « l'insensé ». Le but de la présente note est de signaler que les documents d'interdiction et curatelle permettent, d'une part d'entrevoir l'univers familier du déviant, et d'autre part d'étudier l'évolution des comportements et des attitudes de la société à son égard; et cela, sur la longue durée. In the last twenty years, the history of insanity has become a favorite subject of a good number of historians, sociologists and philosophers. In most cases however, research is based on documentation which, on the whole, filters information via experts, overshadowing the insights that can be attained by examine the day to day life of the "insane" or the "senseless". The goal of this article is to consider the documentation which prescribes the individual's placement and guardianship in an institution in order to gain some understanding of the living environment of the insane, and to permit the study of the evolution of the behaviour and attitudes of society towards these individuals over time

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    250 ans de suicides au QuĂ©bec Les fondations d’une recherche dans les Archives du coroner

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    De crime grave punissable de la peine capitale Ă  l’époque de la Nouvelle-France, le suicide est dĂ©sormais perçu comme problĂšme de sociĂ©tĂ© plutĂŽt que faute individuelle. En cela, le geste suicidaire constitue un exemple parfait de renversement de la rĂ©action sociale et juridique Ă  l’égard d’un comportement pourtant jugĂ© dĂ©viant pendant des siĂšcles. Pour comprendre le changement des attitudes et des rĂ©actions des divers acteurs sociaux Ă  l’endroit du suicide et des suicidĂ©s pour l’ensemble de la sociĂ©tĂ© quĂ©bĂ©coise, il devient nĂ©cessaire de pouvoir compter sur une base empirique qui s’adresse Ă  la majorité des cas de suicide sur une longue pĂ©riode historique. C’est exactement ce que nous comptons faire dans les annĂ©es Ă  venir dans le cadre de notre projet « Du crime de lĂšse-majestĂ© Ă  “problĂšme de sociĂ©tĂ©â€ : l’évolution de la rĂ©action sociale Ă  l’égard du suicide au QuĂ©bec de 1763 Ă  2000 » en dĂ©pouillant et en analysant l’ensemble des cas de suicides rĂ©pertoriĂ©s dans les Archives du coroner conservĂ©es Ă  BibliothĂšque et Archives nationales du QuĂ©bec (BANQ) pour la pĂ©riode allant de 1763 Ă  2000. La prĂ©sente note de recherche vise Ă  exposer dans ses grandes lignes notre dĂ©marche archivistique tout en illustrant Ă  l’aide de quelques cas types de suicide la richesse de notre matĂ©riau. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi de nous arrĂȘter plus particuliĂšrement aux lettres d’adieu retrouvĂ©es dans les milliers de dossiers dĂ©pouillĂ©s jusqu’ici. Suicide, a serious crime once subject to the death penalty during the period of New France, is now seen as a societal problem rather than as an individual misdeed.In this sense, suicide is a perfect example of the reversal of a social and legal response to a behaviour that had for centuries, however, been considered deviant. In order to understand the various social stakeholders’ change of attitudes and reactions toward suicide and suicide victims for Quebec society as a whole, an empirical database addressing most cases of suicide over a long period of history must be examined. This is exactly what we plan to do in coming years in the course of our project “Du crime de lĂšse-majestĂ© Ă  problĂšme de sociĂ©té’: l’évolution de la rĂ©action sociale Ă  l’égard du suicide au QuĂ©bec de 1763 Ă  2000”, which will involve identifying and analyzing all cases of suicide contained in the Coroner’s Archives held by BibliothĂšque et Archives nationales du QuĂ©bec (BANQ) for the period 1763 to 2000. This research note is designed to outline our archival process and illustrate through a few typical cases of suicide the richness of our material. To do this, we have opted to focus on the suicide notes found in the thousands of files examined to date

    Sur quelques visages de la folie Ă  Saint-Jean-de-Dieu au tournant du siĂšcle dernier

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    Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Hospital, at the far east end of Montreal, is presented as the ideal site for uncovering the lives of men and women institutionalized for madness in Quebec. Recognized as the largest asylum for the insane in Canada, it housed a clientele not only from Montreal but also from all corners of the province of Quebec, a characteristic that offers, under the same roof, a sample population representative of the entire province. As part of a project involving the history of marginalized populations of Montreal, the authors undertook a systematic, quantitative retrieval of information from almost 10,000 files of patients committed to Saint-Jean-de-Dieu. The quantitative data allowed them to reveal profiles of those institutionalized from the establishment of the asylum in 1873 up to 1921. The correspondence contained in the medical files of about 300 patients, however, made it possible to trace the “faces” of madness. Six broad categories emerged repeatedly: broken relationships, conjugal violence, those considered undesirable, the forgotten, the persecuted, and those committed unjustly.L’HĂŽpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu, situĂ© Ă  l’extrĂ©mitĂ© est de MontrĂ©al, s’est prĂ©sentĂ© comme Ă©tant le premier et le meilleur choix pour dĂ©couvrir la vie des femmes et des hommes enfermĂ©s pour folie au QuĂ©bec. Cet asile, reconnu comme Ă©tant le plus grand asile d’aliĂ©nĂ©s au Canada, dessert une clientĂšle montrĂ©alaise, mais Ă©galement originaire de tous les coins de la province de QuĂ©bec, une particularitĂ© qui offre le privilĂšge d’avoir sous le mĂȘme toit un Ă©chantillon de population reprĂ©sentatif du QuĂ©bec tout entier. Dans le cadre d’un projet d’histoire des populations marginalisĂ©es de MontrĂ©al, les auteurs ont entrepris une saisie quantitative systĂ©matique de presque 10 000 dossiers de patients internĂ©s Ă  Saint-Jean-de-Dieu. Ces banques de donnĂ©es quantitatives leur ont permis de rĂ©vĂ©ler les profils des personnes internĂ©es de la fondation de l’asile en 1873 jusqu’à 1921. Mais c’est Ă  partir de la correspondance rĂ©pertoriĂ©e dans les dossiers mĂ©dicaux d’environ 300 cas qu’il a Ă©tĂ© possible de tracer des « visages » de la folie. Six grandes catĂ©gories sont ressorties avec rĂ©currence : les amours brisĂ©s, la violence conjugale, les indĂ©sirables, les oubliĂ©s, les persĂ©cutĂ©s et les injustement internĂ©s

    Verbal and Visual Memory Impairments Among Young Offspring and Healthy Adult Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Selective Generational Patterns Indicate Different Developmental Trajectories

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    Objective: Memory deficits have been shown in patients affected by schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BP)/mood disorder. We recently reported that young high-risk offspring of an affected parent were impaired in both verbal episodic memory (VEM) and visual episodic memory (VisEM). Understanding better the trajectory of memory impairments from childhood to adult clinical status in risk populations is crucial for early detection and prevention. In multigenerational families densely affected by SZ or BP, our aim was to compare the memory impairments observed in young nonaffected offspring with memory functioning in nonaffected adult relatives and patients. Methods: For 20 years, we followed up numerous kindreds in the Eastern Québec population. After having characterized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders phenotypes, we assessed cognition (N = 381) in 3 subsamples in these kindreds and in controls: 60 young offspring of a parent affected by SZ or BP, and in the adult generations, 92 nonaffected adult relatives and 40 patients affected by SZ or BP. VEM was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test and VisEM with the Rey figures. Results: The VEM deficits observed in the offspring were also found in adult relatives and patients. In contrast, the VisEM impairments observed in the young offspring were present only in patients, not in the adult relatives. Conclusion: Implications for prevention and genetic mechanisms can be drawn from the observation that VEM and VisEM would show distinct generational trajectories and that the trajectory associated with VisEM may offer a better potential than VEM to predict future risk of developing the disease

    Open innovation in public management: analysis of the Brazilian action plan for Open Government Partnership

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    Este estudo objetivou analisar o Plano de Ação brasileiro para o Governo Aberto, baseado na teoria da inovação aberta na gestĂŁo pĂșblica. Utilizou-se de uma pesquisa documental, com vistas a aprofundar o conhecimento do fenĂŽmeno em questĂŁo. O documento foi escolhido intencionalmente, por ser exemplo basilar das polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas relacionadas Ă  inovação aberta brasileira. Os resultados mostram que os compromissos firmados pelo governo brasileiro estĂŁo consoantes com o processo de inovação aberta pĂșblica. As açÔes previstas no Plano estĂŁo especificamente relacionadas a transparĂȘncia, abertura de dados e preparação do corpo estatal para o processo aberto de inovação. _________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el Plan de AcciĂłn de Brasil para el Gobierno Abierto con base en la teorĂ­a de la innovaciĂłn abierta en la gestiĂłn pĂșblica. Se utilizĂł una investigaciĂłn documental, con el fin de profundizar el conocimiento en el fenĂłmeno en cuestiĂłn. El documento fue elegido intencionadamente porque es fundamental para las polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas relacionadas con la innovaciĂłn abierta brasileña. Los resultados muestran que los compromisos asumidos por el gobierno brasileño son compatibles con el proceso de innovaciĂłn abierta pĂșblica. En concreto, las acciones contenidas en el plan estĂĄn relacionados con la transparencia, los datos abiertos y preparaciĂłn de la estructura de gobierno para el proceso abierto de innovaciĂłn. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the Brazilian action plan for Open Government, based on the theory of open innovation in public management. Documentary research was used, in order to deepen of the knowledge the phenomenon being discussed . The document was intentionally chosen because it is essential for public policies related to Brazilian open innovation The results show that the commitments made by the Brazilian government are compatible with the public open innovation process. The actions in the Plan are related specifically to transparency, open data and preparation of the governance body for the open innovation process

    Percevoir la folie : le cas du Québec, 1600-1850

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    Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Geschichte der Geisteskrankheit im QuĂ©bec der Jahre 1600-1850. Dabei findet die öffentliche Meinung zum Konzept der Geisteskrankheit besondere BerĂŒcksichtigung. Der Verfasser wendet seine Aufmerksamkeit vor allem der Aufgabe zu, die langsame VerĂ€nderung in der Sichtweise von Geisteskrankheit nachzuzeichnen und diese im Kontext zu behandeln. Als Folge dieser VerĂ€nderungen wird der «Geisteskranke» zu einer marginalen Person, zu einem Kranken, der notwendigerweise in einer Anstalt behandelt werden muss.This article seeks to give the reader a historical overview of insanity in QuĂ©bec from 1600 to 1850 in light of the conceptions and representations of insanity which were prevalent at that time among the general population. The author gas focused his attention primarily on the social context which resulted in a slow shifting of perception with regards to insanity, eventually banishing the « lunatic » to the fringes of society; transforming him into a problem best dealt with in specialized institutions.Le prĂ©sent article vise Ă  donner un aperçu de l'histoire de la folie au QuĂ©bec de 1600 Ă  1850 Ă  la lumiĂšre des reprĂ©sentations du concept de folie parmi la population en gĂ©nĂ©ral. L'auteur s'est surtout attachĂ© Ă  suivre et Ă  mettre en contexte les lentes mutations des perceptions de la folie qui feront du « fou » un ĂȘtre Ă  proscrire; un malade devant nĂ©cessairement ĂȘtre traitĂ© en institution.Dit artikel wil een historiech overzicht geven met betrekking tot de krank- zinnigheid in Quebec van 1600 tot 1850, en dit in het licht van de betekenissen die in die tijd aan het begrip krankzinnigheid werden gegeven door de goe- gemeente. De auteur heeft zich hierbij vooral toegelegd op het volgen en opteke- nen van de langzame wijzigingen in de percepties van het begrip «krankzinnigheid», die gaan van het verbannen van de «gak» tot het verzorgen van de «zieke» in een gespecialiseerde instelling.Cellard AndrĂ©. Percevoir la folie : le cas du QuĂ©bec, 1600-1850. In: DĂ©viance et sociĂ©tĂ©. 1992 - Vol. 16 - N°4. pp. 349-374
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