A comparison of analytical approaches to investigate associations for accelerometry-derived physical activity spectra with health and developmental outcomes in children

Under embargo until: 2021-09-20The use of high-resolution physical activity intensity spectra obtained from accelerometry can improve knowledge of associations with health and development beyond the use of traditional summary measures of intensity. The aim of the present study was to compare three different approaches for determining associations for spectrum descriptors of physical activity (the intensity gradient, principal component analysis, and multivariate pattern analysis) with relevant outcomes in children. We used two datasets including physical activity spectrum data (ActiGraph GT3X+) and 1) a cardiometabolic health outcome in 841 schoolchildren and 2) a motor skill outcome in 1081 preschool children. We compared variance explained (R2) and associations with the outcomes for the intensity gradient (slope) across the physical activity spectra, a two-component principal component model describing the physical activity variables, and multivariate pattern analysis using the intensity spectra as the explanatory data matrices. Results were broadly similar for all analytical approaches. Multivariate pattern analysis explained the most variance in both datasets, likely resulting from use of more of the information available from the intensity spectra. Yet, volume and intensity dimensions of physical activity are not easily disentangled and their relative importance may be interpreted differently using different methodology.acceptedVersio

I hele fylket for alle: Kunnskapsstatus for ny organisering av etablererstøtte i Innlandet fylke

Oppdragsgiver: Hedmark FylkeskommuneFra 1. januar 2020 blir Hedmark og Oppland fylkeskommuner til Innlandet fylkeskommune. Begge fylkeskommunene har hatt samfunnsutvikling med tilrettelegging for næringsliv og utvikling av dette, som strategisk satsningsområder. Som tilrettelegger for næringsutvikling har de to fylkeskommunene ulik tilnærming til både virkemidler og organisering av arbeidet. Ett av områdene der fylkeskommunen har valgt ulike ordninger er satsingen rettet mot bedriftsetablerere. Fylkeskommunene har derfor i fellesskap ønsket en evaluering av de ulike ordningene, der hensikten med evalueringen er å få et kunnskapsgrunnlag for arbeidet med fremtidig organisering av etableringssatsningen til Innlandet fylkeskommune. Evalueringen berører • fylkeskommunenes egne tilbud direkte til etablererbedrifter • tilbud til målgruppen via andre aktører støttet av fylkeskommunene • den samlede konteksten av virkemidler lokalt, regionalt og nasjonalt Evalueringen har hatt et gjennomgående fokus på sluttbrukernes behov. Grunnlaget for analysene er eksisterende kunnskap og undersøkelser, informasjon fra førstelinjetjenesten og andre aktører med god kunnskap om potensielle etablererbedrifters behov. Det ble definert ti evalueringsspørsmål for studien. Det ble samlet inn kvantitativt og kvalitativt datamateriale for å besvare spørsmålene. Datamaterialet har bestått av dokumenter og rapporteringer fra første-linjetjenesten, spørreundersøkelse rettet mot førstelinjetjenesten, innhentet statistikk og intervjuer med utvalgte aktører. Prosess og dialog med oppdragsgiver og førstelinjetjenesten er også en viktig del av kunnskapsgrunnlaget som rapporten og anbefalingene bygger på

Processes of knowing in the translation of a health communication intervention for dialysis patients awaiting kidney transplantation

Objective: To strengthen patients’ health literacy and their role as active knowledge actors, we developed a health communication intervention including a film-viewing and counselling session for patients awaiting kidney transplantation. We aimed to explore processes of knowing in the translation of the intervention. Methods: We applied an ethnographic research approach, observing nine intervention sessions with patients and dialysis nurses. Afterwards, the patients and the nurses were interviewed in-depth. Data were analysed using Engebretsen’s modified version of Lonergans’ four-step model of knowing. Results: The following knowing processes were identified: i) Knowing as meaning-making; ii) Knowing as acquiring confidence; and iii) Accessing professionals’ and peer experts’ knowledge. Divergent considerations were taken by the different knowledge actors, which had a direct influence on the knowing processes and knowledge translation. Conclusions: The findings support active interactions between patients and healthcare providers in processes of knowing. These include self-conscious approaches and critical questioning in both parties. Practice implications: For transplant professionals, this study demonstrates knowing processes in a real-life context. It also spotlights professional skills and attitudes regarding the importance of self-conscious questioning and a critical interrogating position (for both patients and providers).acceptedVersio

Prognostic Impacts of Hypoxic Markers in Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Background. We aimed to explore the prognostic impact of the hypoxia-induced factors (HIFαs) 1 and 2, the metabolic HIF-regulated glucose transporter GLUT-1, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor soft tissue sarcomas (non-GIST STS). Methods. Duplicate cores with viable tumor tissue from 206 patients with non-GIST STS were obtained and tissue microarrays were constructed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate expression of hypoxic markers. Results. In univariate analyses, GLUT-1 (P < 0.001) and HIF-2α (P = 0.032) expression correlated significantly with a poor disease-specific survival (DSS). In the multivariate analysis, however, only high expression of GLUT-1 (HR 1.7, CI 95% 1.1–2.7, P = 0.021) was a significant independent prognostic indicator of poor DSS. Conclusion. GLUT-1 is a significant independent negative prognostic factor in non-GIST STS

Gjenvekst av krypsiv etter tiltak, og effekter av kalking på krypsiv i Otra ved Rysstad – oppdatert status 2022

Prosjektleder: Susanne C. SchneiderOtra ved Rysstad har i lang tid hatt utfordringer med massevekst av krypsiv. Mekanisk fjerning av krypsiv i utvalgte områder der plantene er til særlig sjenanse for fiske og bading blir sett på som det mest praktiske tiltaket, men det er ukjent hvor raskt krypsivet kommer tilbake etter tiltak. I tillegg er Otra ved Rysstad blitt kalket siden april 2021, og det er blitt uttrykt bekymring for at kalkingen kan føre til ytterlige vekst av krypsiv. Kartlegging av krypsiv i august 2022, det vil si cirka to år etter at krypsiv ble fjernet i et utvalgt område og ett år og 4 mnd. etter at kalkingen startet, viser at (1) to år etter tiltaket var krypsivbiomassen tilbake på omtrent samme nivå som før; og (2) kalkingen har hittil ikke hatt målbar effekt på dekningsgrad eller plantelengde av krypsiv, men førte til en markant økning i forekomst av flotgras, tjønnaks og tusenblad i Rysstadbassenget.Krypsiv på SørlandetpublishedVersio

Intervening on health literacy by knowledge translation processes in kidney transplantation: A feasibility study

Background Patients awaiting kidney transplantation need to be prepared ahead of the upcoming transplantation by developing targeted pre- and post-transplant knowledge. On this background, we designed a new health literacy intervention, including a film and a counselling session, based on motivational interviewing for dialysis patients provided by dialysis nurses. Aim To explore patients' and nurses' experiences of the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, focusing on the patient as a prepared knowledge actor. Design An explorative qualitative study. Participants and Methods Data included in-depth interviews with nine patients and three nurses who participated in the intervention. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed following Kvale and Brinkmann's method for thematic data analysis. Findings Three main themes were identified: a different kind of health intervention stimulating new insight; a challenging kind of health conversation and changed relationships and increased security. Conclusions Both the patients and the nurses had an overall positive attitude toward the intervention, providing a kind of dialogue to prepare dialysis patients going through kidney transplantation. The nurses found the MI methodology to be challenging. When introducing a comprehensive communication method like MI, potential training and supervision needs for the nurses must be addressed.publishedVersio

GTn repeat polymorphism in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) correlates with clinical outcome after myeloablative or nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment for various hematologic diseases where efficacy of treatment is in part based on the graft versus tumour (GVT) activity of cells in the transplant. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation and it has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory functions. In humans a (GT)n repeat polymorphism regulates the expression of HO-1. We conducted fragment length analyses of the (GT)n repeat in the promotor region of the gene for HO-1 in DNA from donors and recipients receiving allogeneic myeloablative- (MA) (n = 110) or nonmyeloablative- (NMA-) (n = 250) HCT. Subsequently, we compared the length of the (GT)n repeat with clinical outcome after HCT. We demonstrated that transplants from a HO-1high donor after MA-conditioning (n = 13) is associated with higher relapse incidence at 3 years (p = 0.01, n = 110). In the NMA-conditioning setting transplantation of HO-1low donor cells into HO-1low recipients correlated significantly with decreased relapse related mortality (RRM) and longer progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.008, respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that HO-1 may play a role for the induction of GVT effect after allogeneic HCT

Alterations in inflammatory markers after a 12-week exercise program in individuals with schizophrenia—a randomized controlled trial

Background: In individuals with schizophrenia, inflammation is associated with depression, somatic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Physical exercise is known to reduce inflammation in other populations, but we have only limited knowledge in the field of schizophrenia. We assessed inflammatory markers in plasma samples from individuals with schizophrenia participating in an exercise intervention randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that (i) physical exercise would reduce levels of inflammatory markers and (ii) elevated inflammatory status at baseline would be associated with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) following intervention. Method: Eighty-two individuals with schizophrenia were randomized to a 12-week intervention of either high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 43) or active video gaming (AVG, n = 39). Participants were assessed at baseline, post intervention and four months later. The associations between exercise and the inflammatory markers soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), soluble TNF receptor 1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were estimated using linear mixed effect models for repeated measures. For estimating associations between baseline inflammation and change in CRF, we used linear regression models. Results: Our main findings were (i) TNF and IL-6 increased during the intervention period for both groups. Other inflammatory markers did not change during the exercise intervention period; (ii) baseline inflammatory status did not influence change in CRF during intervention, except for a positive association between baseline IL-6 levels and improvements of CRF to post intervention for both groups. Conclusion: In our study, HIIT and AVG for 12-weeks had no reducing effect on inflammatory markers. Patients with high baseline IL-6 levels had a positive change in CRF during intervention. In order to increase our knowledge regarding association between inflammatory markers and exercise in individuals with schizophrenia, larger studies with more frequent and longer exercise bout duration are warranted