40 research outputs found

    Astrocytic expression of GFAP and serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in rats treated with different pain relievers

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    Pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial cells, especially microglial cells, have been implicated in persistent pain sensitization. Less is known about the role of astrocytes in pain regulation. This study aimed to observe the expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after short-term administration of central pain relievers in rats not submitted to noxious stimuli. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, receiving for nine days- (1) amitriptyline (Amt-10 mg/kg/day, by gavage); (2) gabapentin (Gb-60 mg/kg/day, by gavage; (3) methadone (Me-4.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal route [IP]); (4) morphine (Mo-10 mg/kg/day, IP); or (5) 0.9% saline solution, IP. Brain samples were collected for immunohistochemical study of GFAP expression in the mesencephalon and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The area of GFAP-positive cells was calculated using MetaMorph software and serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum TNF-α levels were decreased in the groups treated with Mo, Me and Gb, but not in the Amt-treated group. IL-1β decreased only in rats treated with Me. The astrocytic expression of GFAP was decreased in the brainstem with all drugs, while it was increased in the NAc with Amt, Me and Mo

    Separation and quantification of milk proteins with the addition of cheese whey by lab-on-a-chip

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eletroforese com dispositivo de microfluidos, conhecida como técnica lab-on-a-chip, para detecção de adulteração de leite com soro de queijo, em comparação ao SDS-PAGE. Amostras de leite cru, pasteurizado, processado em temperatura ultra-alta (UHT) e em pó receberam adição de soro de queijo em concentrações crescentes (0, 1, 2,5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 e 100% v/v) e foram submetidas a eletroforese lab-on-a-chip e SDS-PAGE para detectar suas misturas. A metodologia lab-on-a-chip foi capaz de separar e quantificar as proteínas do leite. Além disso, a técnica lab-on-a-chip é fácil, rápida, sensível e pode detectar adição de soro de queijo no leite do nível mais baixo testado (1%) para as proteínas do leite α-caseína e β-caseína.The objective of this work was to evaluate microfluidic chip electrophoresis, known as lab-on-a-chip technique, for the detection of milk adulteration using cheese whey in comparison with SDS-PAGE. Raw, pasteurized, processed at an ultra-high temperature (UHT), and powdered milk samples received increasing concentrations of cheese whey (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% v/v), and were subjected to lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE to detect their mixtures. The lab-on-a-chip methodology was able to separate and quantify milk proteins. In addition, the tested technique is easy, rapid, sensitive, and can detect the addition of cheese whey in milk from the lowest level tested (1%) for milk proteins α-casein and β-casein

    Efeito de parâmetros de corte na qualidade superficial e no desgaste de ferramentas de carboneto no torneamento sem lubrificação do aço SAE 4140 / Effect of cutting parameters on surface quality and wearing of carbide tools in dry turning of SAE 4140 steel

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    Atualmente as tecnologias limpas estão ganhando muita importância no setor industrial, consequentemente os processos de usinagem também tendem a buscar a redução da geração de resíduos. Uma das alternativas muito usada é a redução ou extinção do uso de fluidos de corte, o que é conhecida como usinagem limpa ou verde. Este estudo avalia a relação da variação da velocidade de corte e do avanço no torneamento a seco de amostras de aço SAE 4140 utilizando pastilhas de metal duro sinuosas com revestimento triplo com o desgaste da ferramenta e a qualidade superficial da amostra. Foram realizados ensaios aplicando quatro combinações usando duas velocidades (160 e 250 m/min), dois avanços (0,100 e 0,316 mm/rev) e profundidade de 1mm. A definição dos melhores parâmetros se baseou no estudo dos mecanismos de desgaste das ferramentas, nos diferentes tempos de usinagem e nos melhores resultados de rugosidade. Os melhores resultados em relação à rugosidade foram obtidos com velocidade de 250 m/min e avanço de 0,100 mm/rev enquanto a combinação de menores valores gerou os desgastes mais baixos

    Avaliação Ecológica Rápida de Qualidade de Água e Bioindicadores Bentônicos no Parque Nacional da Serra do Gandarela, Minas Gerais

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    Durante uma disciplina de pós-graduação, realizamos uma Avaliação Ecológica Rápida sobre qualidade de água e biodiversidade de bioindicadores bentônicos no Parque Nacional (PARNA) da Serra do Gandarela, MG. Os objetivos foram: (a) capacitar profissionais na utilização de metodologias atuais em Rapid Assessment Protocols (RAP) para estudos de diagnóstico e monitoramento de integridade ecológica de ecossistemas aquáticos em regiões de cabeceira de bacias hidrográficas; (b) contribuir ao conhecimento da biodiversidade aquática em corpos d’água no PARNA Serra do Gandarela; (c) fomentar intercâmbio e colaboração entre mestrandos, doutorandos, guarda-parques, visitantes, membros de comitês de bacia, gestores ICMBio, moradores e interessados na conservação de biodiversidade no Quadrilátero Ferrífero; (d) gerar informações de base sobre qualidade de água, biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos bioindicadores de qualidade de água no PARNA Serra do Gandarela. Os principais resultados revelam que o PARNA Serra do Gandarela é guardião de riachos de cabeceira em condições de referência, com elevada diversidade de hábitats aquáticos e ótima qualidade de água, onde vivem organismos bentônicos sensíveis, tolerantes e resistentes à poluição. Sendo a Serra do Gandarela responsável pela segurança hídrica de grande parte dos municípios do Quadrilátero Ferrífero de Minas Gerais, é extremamente importante que estes riachos em condições de referência sejam conservados e utilizados em futuros estudos de avaliação de impactos ambientais e programas de monitoramento de condições ecológicas de longo prazo. As condições de alta preservação devem servir como baliza de referência para tomadores de decisão em processos de licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos potencialmente causadores de impactos ambientais e riscos à biodiversidade

    Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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    Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

    Modelo agrometeorológico para a estimava de produtividade do café nos municípios de  Barreiras e Prado no Estado da Bahia

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    This study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and evapotranspiration in the estimated production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Barreiras and Prado in State of Bahia. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais. The best results with data were found to municipalitie of Barreiras. However, the productivity estimated by the model used in this study did not achieve satisfactory results when compared to other models generalizing, which generally apply well to cultivation of larger areas, larger plantations and regular growing season. It should be noted that even with this model is still considered effective because it represent the real behavior vegetative.Pages: 1688-169

    Modelo de estimativa de produtividade com base no índice de vegetação melhorado para  a cultura do café nos municípios de Monte Carmelo, Patrocínio, Três Pontas e  Manhuaçu no Estado de Minas Gerais

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    This study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and evapotranspiration in the estimated production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Monte Carmelo, Patrocínio, Três Pontas and Manhuaçu in the State of Minas Gerais. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais.Os best results with data from EVI were found for municipalities to Manhuaçu, Três Pontas, Monte Carmelo and Patrocínio. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by official agencies. It should be noted that even with these different models are still considered effective because they represent the real behavior vegetative. The methodology used in this study lacks updated information, especially as the mapped areas, so the results are more precise.Pages: 1665-167

    O EVI (índice de vegetação melhorado), e a estimativa de produtividade da cafeicultura  nos municípios de Carlópolis, Corumbataí do Sul, Londrina, e Rolândia-PR

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    This study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to estimate production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Carlópolis do Sul, Corumbataí do Sul, Londrina, and Rolândia in the state of Parana. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais.Os best results were found for the city of Carlópolis, followed by the counties of Corumbataí do Sul, Londrina and Rolândia. Os results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by official agencies. Itai was the municipality with the highest distinction in 2008. It should be noted that even with this difference model is still considered effective because it represented the real behavior vegetative. The methodology used in this study lacks updated information, especially as the mapped areas, so the results are more precise.Pages: 1672-167

    Processamento digital de imagens MODIS com obtenção do EVI, para aplicação de  modelos de estimativa de produtividade para o café nos municípios de Barra do Choça,  Barreiras, Bonito, Itamaraju, Luís Eduardo Magalhães e Prado/BA

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    This study aimed to use the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and evapotranspiration in the estimated production and productivity of coffee plantations in the municipalities of Barra do Choça, Barreiras, Bonito, Itamaraju, Luís Eduardo Magalhães and Prado in State of Bahia. With EVI data, we defined the period information of 18 February 2000 to 19 December 2010. In this period, we calculated the average and maximum values of the vegetation index in the mapped area with coffee in each municipality. The model given the data and productivity potential evapotranspiration were calibrated between the years 2003 and 2007. The predictive model is based on FAO model, but with the use of satellite information. The model was calibrated with data from years 2000 to 2007, resulting in an equation of linear trend analysis for each municipality. These results allowed to estimate the productivity of the production for the years 2008 to 2010. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by the organs oficiais.Os best results with data from EVI were found to municipalities Itamarajú, Prado, Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Barra do Choça, Bonito e Barreiras. With the data of evapotranspiration, the results still the same for municipalities Itamarajú, Prado, Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Barra do Choça, Bonito e Barreiras. The results with the model generated based on vegetation index of the mapped area, estimated values close to those generated by official agencies.Pages: 1680-168

    Estimativa de Produtividade de Cana-de-açúcar utilizando os produtos DMP e EVI, para os municípios de Barretos-SP, Frutal-MG e Uberaba-MG

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    The following study aimed to develop methodologies for estimating crop productivity of sugar cane, the main tool, the vegetation index EVI / MODIS (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and DMP / VEGETATION (Dry Matter Production), along with agronomic indexes relative to sugarcane productivity and official data of IBGE, for three cities, Barretos - SP, MG and Frutal-Uberaba-MG, using two agrometeorological spectral models. For all the cities best behavior occurred through the agrometeorological model 2, to make estimates of crop productivity. Presenting to Barretos, the model (2) obtained results very close to the official data with values between 91 and 99% of total official disclosed. The model (1) estimated an average of 83.83% during the study period while the model (2) estimated 95.22% for the same period from 2000 to 2009. In Frutal, the model (1) substestimou on average 11% compared to the official figures, and model (2) was closer, overestimating by 4% on average for the years 2000 to 2009. And to Tuticorin, the model (2) was also the one closest to the official results, with an average difference of 5.5% less, even taking into account the results of 2000 underestimated that did not possess all the necessary data while the model (1) showed a mean difference of 11.7% lower over the same period, comprising 2000 to 2009.Pages: 215-22
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