PENETAPAN KADAR BENZALDEHID PADA SAMPEL PARFUM “X” DARI 3 TOKO PARFUM DI WILAYAH SURABAYA SELATAN

Parfum sudah di kenal sejak 3.500 tahun lalu dan berkembang hingga saat ini. Parfum sudah hampir menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi masyarakat dengan berbagai merk dan aroma yang ditawarkan. Didalam parfum terdapat banyak sekali zat kimia yang dicampurkan agar menimbulkan aroma yang unik dan menarik. Zat yang diduga terdapat didalam parfum yaitu Benzaldehid yang memiliki efek iritasi pada mata, kulit, saluran pernafasan, kerusakan sistem syaraf pusat dan reaksi alergi pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel parfum “X” yang terdapat di 3 toko parfum didaerah Surabaya Selatan. Penentuan kadar Benzaldehid dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Gas Cromatography (GC). Dari hasil uji kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data bahwa ketiga sampel yang diuji mengandung Benzaldehid. Dari hasil uji kuantitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data konsentrasi dari ketiga sampel tersebut berturut-turut adalah 0,003‰; 0,007‰ dan 0,010‰

PENETAPAN KADAR BENZALDEHID PADA SAMPEL PARFUM “X” DARI 3 TOKO PARFUM DI WILAYAH SURABAYA SELATAN

Parfum sudah di kenal sejak 3.500 tahun lalu dan berkembang hingga saat ini. Parfum sudah hampir menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi masyarakat dengan berbagai merk dan aroma yang ditawarkan. Didalam parfum terdapat banyak sekali zat kimia yang dicampurkan agar menimbulkan aroma yang unik dan menarik. Zat yang diduga terdapat didalam parfum yaitu Benzaldehid yang memiliki efek iritasi pada mata, kulit, saluran pernafasan, kerusakan sistem syaraf pusat dan reaksi alergi pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel parfum “X” yang terdapat di 3 toko parfum didaerah Surabaya Selatan. Penentuan kadar Benzaldehid dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Gas Cromatography (GC). Dari hasil uji kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data bahwa ketiga sampel yang diuji mengandung Benzaldehid. Dari hasil uji kuantitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data konsentrasi dari ketiga sampel tersebut berturut-turut adalah 0,003‰; 0,007‰ dan 0,010‰

Penetapan Kadar Benzaldehid Pada Sampel Parfum X dari 3 Toko Parfum di Wilayah Surabaya Selatan

Parfum sudah di kenal sejak 3.500 tahun lalu dan berkembang hingga saat ini. Semakin berkembangnya jaman hingga sekarang, parfum sudah hampir menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi masyarakat dengan berbagai merk dan aroma yang ditawarkan. Tidak sedikit masyarakat yang menggunakan parfum dengan berlebihan tanpa mengetahui zat apa saja yang terkandung didalamnya. Didalam parfum terdapat banyak sekali zat kimia yang dicampurkan agar menimbulkan aroma yang unik dan menarik, tetapi zat-zat kimia yang ditambahkan tersebut tentu memiliki efek masing-masing bagi tubuh dan tidak sedikit yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan pengguna. Zat yang diduga terdapat didalam parfum yaitu Benzaldehid yang memiliki efek iritasi pada mata, kulit, saluran pernafasan, kerusakan sistem syaraf pusat dan reaksi alergi pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel parfum “X” yang terdapat di 3 toko parfum didaerah Surabaya Selatan. Penentuan kadar Benzaldehid dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Gas Cromatography (GC). Dari hasil uji kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data bahwa ketiga sampel yang diuji mengandung Benzaldehid. Dari hasil uji kuantitatif yang dilakukan terhadap 3 sampel didapatkan data kadar dari ketiga sampel tersebut berturut-turut adalah 0,003‰; 0,007‰ dan 0,010‰. Batas penggunaan maksimum Benzaldehid pada parfum menurut International Fragrance Association (IFRA) yaitu 0,27%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, parfum yang dijual di 3 toko di wilayah Surabaya Selatan memenuhi persyaratan batas aman untuk senyawa Benzaldehid

Thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of Annona muricata(L.) leaf extract in antiaging cream

Annona muricata is an Indonesian medicinal plant commonly used as an anticancer agent. The finding of its strong antioxidant activity leads to the development of cosmetic products, particularly as antiaging cream. Formulation may influence thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of A.muricata leaf extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of A.muricata leaf extract incorporated in Gattefosse Skin Cashmere cream. Accelerated stability study utilizing climatic chamber at a temperature of 40ºC ± 2ºC and relative humidity of 75% ± 5% for 20 days of storage was used to evaluate thermostability. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) using spectrophotometer was used for free radical scavenging activity test. The result from physical properties including appearance of antiaging cream, pH, viscosity and rheological properties of each formula showed that all of the formulas were stable at a temperature of 40ºC ± 2ºC and relative humidity of 75% ± 5% for 20 days. Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH showed high antioxidant activities from the A.muricata leaf extract in the Gattefosse Skin Cashmere cream. We concluded that A. muricata leaf extract could be developed into natural antiaging cosmetic product

Thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of Annona muricata (L.) leaf extract in antiaging cream

Annona muricata is an Indonesian medicinal plant commonly used as an anticancer agent. The finding of its strong antioxidant activity leads to the development of cosmetic products, particularly as antiaging cream. Formulation may influence thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of A.muricata leaf extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thermostability and free radical scavenging activity of A.muricata leaf extract incorporated in Gattefosse Skin Cashmere cream. Accelerated stability study utilizing climatic chamber at a temperature of 40ºC 2ºC and relative humidity of 75% 5% for 20 days of storage was used to evaluate thermostability. 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) using spectrophotometer was used for free radical scavenging activity test. The result from physical properties including appearance of antiaging cream, pH, viscosity and rheological properties of each formula showed that all of the formulas were stable at a temperature of 40ºC 2ºC and relative humidity of 75% 5% for 20 days. Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH showed high antioxidant activities from the A.muricata leaf extract in the Gattefosse Skin Cashmere cream. We concluded that A. muricata leaf extract could be developed into natural antiaging cosmetic product

Modality in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo’s Presidential Inauguration Speeches

This study examined the modality in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo’s Presidential Inauguration speeches in October 2009 and 2019. This study shows the similarities and differential modality values in the speeches. By employing modality, people are unengaged to express ideas that do not seem to be facts with various degrees of certainty. This research included the purposes of applying modality in the speeches. The research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods, specifically through documentation observation. The results showed that there were three types of modality in both of the Presidential speeches out of the four types of modality stated by Holiday. There were no differences found in the values of the speeches. These values were the indication of how Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo’s intended to manage their programs in the second period of their leaderships as Indonesian president in 2009-2014 and 2019-2024. Keywords: Modality, Type, value, Presidential, Inauguration Speec

PENGEMBANGAN PETUNJUK PRAKTIKUM PADA MATA KULIAH KINEMATIKA DAN DINAMIKA DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan menguji keefektifan produk. Subjek penelitian mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik mesin 2015. Objek penelitian berupa Petunjuk Praktikum Kinematika dan Dinamika. Penelitian ini menggunakan model rowntree yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tahap pengembangan dan tahap evaluasi. Tahap evaluasi menggunakan evaluasi formatif (Tessmer) yang terdiri dari expert review, one to one, small group dan field test. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam tahap evaluasi berupa lembar angket. Expert review dilakukan untuk mengetahui kevalidan produk sedangkan one to one, small group dan field test untuk mengetahui kepraktisan produk. Hasil penelitian tahap expert review dinyatakan valid. Hasil penelitian tahap one to one, small group dan field test dinyatakan praktis. Secara keseluruhan Petunjuk Praktikum dinyatakan valid dan praktis digunakan pada mata kuliah Kinematika dan Dinamik

Design, Performance, and Calibration of the CMS Hadron-Outer Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with an outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in the calorimeter. Fabrication, testing and calibration of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter will also be used for the muon trigger in coincidence with other muon chambers in CMS

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Environmentalism, pre-environmentalism, and public policy

In the last decade, thousands of new grassroots groups have formed to oppose environmental pollution on the basis that it endangers their health. These groups have revitalized the environmental movement and enlarged its membership well beyond the middle class. Scientists, however, have been unable to corroborate these groups' claims that exposure to pollutants has caused their diseases. For policy analysts this situation appears to pose a choice between democracy and science. It needn't. Instead of evaluating the grassroots groups from the perspective of science, it is possible to evaluate science from the perspective of environmentalism. This paper argues that environmental epidemiology reflects ‘pre-environmentalist’ assumptions about nature and that new ideas about nature advanced by the environmental movement could change the way scientists collect and interpret data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45449/1/11077_2005_Article_BF01006494.pd