221 research outputs found

    Sequestosome‐1 (p62) expression reveals chaperone‐assisted selective autophagy in immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathies

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    Diffuse myofiber necrosis in the context of inflammatory myopathy is the hallmark of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). We have previously shown that skeletal muscle fibers of IMNM patients may display nonrimmed vacuoles and sarcoplasmic irregularities. The dysfunctional chaperone activity has been linked to the defective assembly of skeletal muscle proteins and their degradation via lysosomes, autophagy and the proteasomal machinery. This study was undertaken to highlight a chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) pathway, functionally involved in protein homeostasis, cell stress and the immune response in skeletal muscle of IMNM patients. Skeletal muscle biopsies from 54 IMNM patients were analyzed by immunostaining, as well as by qPCR. Eight biopsies of sIBM patients served as pathological controls, and eight biopsies of nondisease control subjects were included. Alteration of autophagy was detectable in all IMNM biopsy samples highlighted via a diffuse sarcoplasmic staining pattern by p62 and LC3 independent of vacuoles. This pattern was at variance with the coarse focal staining pattern mostly confined to rimmed vacuoles in sIBM. Colocalization of p62 with the chaperone proteins HSP70 and alpha B-crystalline points to the specific targeting of misfolded proteins to the CASA machinery. Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) positivity of these fibers emphasizes the selectivity of autophagy processes and these fibers also express MHC class I sarcolemma. Expression of genes involved in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways studied here is significantly upregulated in IMNM. We highlight that vacuoles without sarcolemmal features may arise in IMNM muscle biopsies, and they must not be confounded with sIBM-specific vacuoles. Further, we show the activation of selective autophagy and emphasize the role of chaperones in this context. CASA occurs in IMNM muscle, and specific molecular pathways of autophagy differ from the ones in sIBM, with p62 as a unique identifier of this process

    Relevance of Brain 18F-FDG PET Imaging in Probable Seronegative Encephalitis With Catatonia: A Case Report

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    Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a rare, severe, and rapidly progressive encephalopathy, and its diagnosis is challenging, especially in adolescent populations when the presentation is mainly psychiatric. Currently, cerebral 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) imaging is not included in the diagnosis algorithm. We describe a 16-year-old patient with probable seronegative encephalitis with catatonia for which several cerebral PET scans were relevant and helpful for diagnosis, treatment decision making, and follow-up monitoring. The patient recovered after 2 years of treatment with etiologic treatment of AIE and treatment of catatonia. This case suggests a more systematic assessment of the clinical relevance of 18F-FDG-PET imaging in probable seronegative AIE

    Rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans un modèle murin de myopathie inflammatoire et implications dans la physiopathologie et la thérapie de la Myosite à Inclusions

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    Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are severe inflammatory muscle disorders with life threatning complications. Treatments are partially efficacious and have many side effects. Thus new therapeutics approaches have to be developed. Because IIM involves auto-immune mechanisms and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) play a major role in the regulation of immune responses, we examined the role of Treg in IIM. First, we developed a reproducible and transferable model of auto-immune myopathy. This experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) was aggravated by Treg depletion and improved by polyclonal Treg injection. Furthermore rapamycin decreases the severity of the myositis in EAM mice by increasing the percentage Treg in the draining lymph nodes. We also analysed Treg in patients with inclusion boby myositis (IBM), an IIM without validated treatment. In IBM patients we observed an activation of the immune system engaged in a Th1 response, with a decreased percentage of Treg in the periphery. Treg are present within muscular infiltrates where they seem unable to control inflammation. Finally, in attempt to define reliable outcomes in IBM patients for clinical trials, we assessed muscle strength during a nine months period. We found that knee extension strength seems to be the most relevant marker of disease progression in IBM when measured with suitable dynamometry.Together these data suggest that rapamycin could be tested as treatment for IBM patient using knee extension strength as outcome measureLes myopathies inflammatoires sont un groupe de myopathies acquises caractérisées par une atteinte musculaire auto-immune. Une sous population lymphocytaire T, appelée les lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg), joue un rôle déterminant dans la tolérance périphérique aux antigènes du soi. Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu étudier les Treg au cours des myosites afin de tenter d‟en éclaircir la physiopathologie et de dévélopper de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis au point un modèle murin de myopathie inflammatoire auto-immune. Dans ce modèle nous avons pu observer que la déplétion des Treg aggravait la myosite et qu‟à l‟inverse le transfert de Treg en diminuait la sévérité. D'autre nous avons pu observer l‟effet bénéfique de la rapamycine sur la sévérité de la myosite en permettant en particulier d‟augmenter le pourcentage de Treg. Dans un second temps nous avons étudié les Treg aux cours d‟une myosite dépourvue de traitement la myosite à inclusions (MI). Nous avons pu observer qu‟il existait un déficit en Treg dans le compartiment sanguin alors même qu‟il existait une activation Th1 du système immunitaire. L‟ensemble de ces observations nous a conduit à envisager l‟utilisation de la rapamycine au cours de la myosite à inclusions.Dans cette optique, nous avons cherché à definir quel pouvait être le meilleur marqueur de suivi de la maladie afin d‟évaluer l‟efficacité du traitement. L‟étude que nous avons menée a permis de montrer que la mesure de la force maximale isométrique des extenseurs du genou était un bon marqueur évolutif de la maladie. Ainsi, ensemble ces données permet d‟envisager la mise au point d‟un essai thérapeutique avec la rapamycine au cours de la MI

    Rôle des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans un modèle murin de myopathie inflammatoire et implications dans la physiopathologie et la thérapie de la Myosite à Inclusions

    No full text
    Les myopathies inflammatoires sont un groupe de myopathies acquises caractérisées par une atteinte musculaire auto-immune. Une sous population lymphocytaire T, appelée les lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg), joue un rôle déterminant dans la tolérance périphérique aux antigènes du soi. Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu étudier les Treg au cours des myosites afin de tenter d en éclaircir la physiopathologie et de dévélopper de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis au point un modèle murin de myopathie inflammatoire auto-immune. Dans ce modèle nous avons pu observer que la déplétion des Treg aggravait la myosite et qu à l inverse le transfert de Treg en diminuait la sévérité. D'autre nous avons pu observer l effet bénéfique de la rapamycine sur la sévérité de la myosite en permettant en particulier d augmenter le pourcentage de Treg. Dans un second temps nous avons étudié les Treg aux cours d une myosite dépourvue de traitement la myosite à inclusions (MI). Nous avons pu observer qu il existait un déficit en Treg dans le compartiment sanguin alors même qu il existait une activation Th1 du système immunitaire. L ensemble de ces observations nous a conduit à envisager l utilisation de la rapamycine au cours de la myosite à inclusions.Dans cette optique, nous avons cherché à definir quel pouvait être le meilleur marqueur de suivi de la maladie afin d évaluer l efficacité du traitement. L étude que nous avons menée a permis de montrer que la mesure de la force maximale isométrique des extenseurs du genou était un bon marqueur évolutif de la maladie. Ainsi, ensemble ces données permet d envisager la mise au point d un essai thérapeutique avec la rapamycine au cours de la MI.Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are severe inflammatory muscle disorders with life threatning complications. Treatments are partially efficacious and have many side effects. Thus new therapeutics approaches have to be developed. Because IIM involves auto-immune mechanisms and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) play a major role in the regulation of immune responses, we examined the role of Treg in IIM. First, we developed a reproducible and transferable model of auto-immune myopathy. This experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) was aggravated by Treg depletion and improved by polyclonal Treg injection. Furthermore rapamycin decreases the severity of the myositis in EAM mice by increasing the percentage Treg in the draining lymph nodes. We also analysed Treg in patients with inclusion boby myositis (IBM), an IIM without validated treatment. In IBM patients we observed an activation of the immune system engaged in a Th1 response, with a decreased percentage of Treg in the periphery. Treg are present within muscular infiltrates where they seem unable to control inflammation. Finally, in attempt to define reliable outcomes in IBM patients for clinical trials, we assessed muscle strength during a nine months period. We found that knee extension strength seems to be the most relevant marker of disease progression in IBM when measured with suitable dynamometry.Together these data suggest that rapamycin could be tested as treatment for IBM patient using knee extension strength as outcome measurePARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Enantioselective Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Allyl 2-diazo-3-silanyloxybut-3-enoates

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    The performance of the [Rh2{(S)-ntt}4]-catalyst in comparison to [Rh2{(S)-pttl}4] and [Rh2{(S)-dosp}4] has been examined with allyl 2-diazo-3-silanyloxybut-3-enoates. The best results were obtained with [Rh2{(S)-pttl}4], where enantioselectivity culminated at 89% ee at -78 °C. [Rh2{(S)-ntt}4] was slightly less selective, while [Rh2{(S)-dosp}4] was found less suitable for these substrates. However, even the results obtained with [Rh2{(S)-pttl}4] are much less satisfactory than those for the intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl diazoacetates in the presence of [Rh2{(S)-mepy}4]

    Dermatomyosites Nouveaux anticorps, nouvelle classification

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    Les dermatomyosites (DM) sont des maladies auto-immunes rares du groupe des myopathies inflammatoires idiopathiques, définies par une atteinte cutanée caractéristique. Elles peuvent survenir dans l’enfance, ou chez l’adulte. Il existe des variations phénotypiques entre les DM concernant la présentation cutanéomusculaire (ex: amyopathique) mais aussi la présentation extra-cutanéomusculaire (ex: atteinte pulmonaire ou articulaire associée). Le caractère auto-immun de ces pathologies est souligné dans 60 % des cas par la présence d’anticorps spécifique de myosite. Ces derniers sont associés à la présence de caractéristiques cliniques, histologiques, mais aussi pronostiques. Ils sont au nombre de cinq, les anti-Mi2, anti-Tif1-γ, anti-NXP2, anti-MDA5 et anti-SAE. Les anti-Mi2 sont associées à une forme clinique cutanée classique, une atteinte musculaire souvent sévère au diagnostic et une bonne évolution sous traitement. Les deux suivants, fréquents chez l’enfant et l’adulte, sont associés à des formes récidivantes cutanées et sont fortement associés aux cancers chez l’adulte. Les anti-MDA5 sont les anticorps associés aux formes les plus systémiques avec une atteinte pulmonaire interstitielle rapidement progressive pouvant être très grave. Enfin, les anti-SAE n’ont été décrits que chez l’adulte, avec une atteinte classique

    Positioning of myositis-specific and associated autoantibody (MSA/MAA) testing in disease criteria and routine diagnostic work-up

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    Nowadays, the importance of detection of myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) in diagnosis and in delineating disease subsets of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is highly acknowledged by IIM experts. Consequently, MSA/MAA are increasingly integrated in expert-based myositis (sub)classification criteria as well as in routine diagnostics. In contrast, MSA/MAA are under-represented in data-based (sub)classification criteria, mostly related to the lack of sufficient data on the wide spectrum of MSA/MAA in large multicenter cohorts. Unfortunately, the current commercially available assays to detect MSA/MAA show variable analytical and clinical performance characteristics. This challenges the design of prospective multicenter studies on MSA/MAA as well as the optimization of their routine clinical use. Additional validation studies and continuous harmonization initiatives on MSA/MAA detection from the pre-analytical to the post-analytical phase (e.g. from defining request criteria to guidelines for reporting), will be needed to overcome these hurdles. To speed up this process, we encourage close collaborations between IIM clinical experts, laboratory professionals and diagnostic companies

    Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: clinical features and pathogenesis

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