The Role of Rac1 in the Growth Cone Dynamics and Force Generation of DRG Neurons

We used optical tweezers, video imaging, immunocytochemistry and a variety of inhibitors to analyze the role of Rac1 in the motility and force generation of lamellipodia and filopodia from developing growth cones of isolated Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons. When the activity of Rac1 was inhibited by the drug EHop-016, the period of lamellipodia protrusion/retraction cycles increased and the lamellipodia retrograde flow rate decreased; moreover, the axial force exerted by lamellipodia was reduced dramatically. Inhibition of Arp2/3 by a moderate amount of the drug CK-548 caused a transient retraction of lamellipodia followed by a complete recovery of their usual motility. This recovery was abolished by the concomitant inhibition of Rac1. The filopodia length increased upon inhibition of both Rac1 and Arp2/3, but the speed of filopodia protrusion increased when Rac1 was inhibited and decreased instead when Arp2/3 was inhibited. These results suggest that Rac1 acts as a switch that activates upon inhibition of Arp2/3. Rac1 also controls the filopodia dynamics necessary to explore the environment

The effect of water salinity on growth and survival of Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings

This research was carried out over a period of 60 days in the summer and autumn of 2005 in the Caspian Sea Aquaculture Research Station (Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center). Fingerlings of Rutilus frisii kutum weighting one gram were transferred to fiberglass 100 liter tanks each stocked with 35 fish. The fish were divided into five groups and treated with five treatments and three replicates including, fresh water, 4ppt, 6ppt, 8ppt, and 10ppt salinity by completely randomized design. We found that different salinities did not affect the mortality rate of the fish. Comparison of food conversion ratio (FCR), special growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) between control and other treatments revealed a significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.05). We also found that the 4ppt treatment differed meaningfully with 8ppt and 10ppt treatments in terms of FCR, SGR and WG (P less than or equal to 0.05) and the same was true between 6ppt and 8ppt and 10ppt treatments for the FCR, SGR and WG. The results showed that the maximum and minimum weight gain were related to 10ppt treatment (mean 58.9 plus or minus 2.71) and control (mean 39.1 plus or minus 4.73) respectively. The minimum special growth rate (0.549 plus or minus 0.057) was referred to the control treatment and the maximum (0.772 plus or minus 0.028) was seen in 10ppt salinity .The minimum average FCR (3.93 plus or minus 0.122) was seen in 10ppt salinity and the maximum (5.6 plus or minus 0.601) was observed in the control treatment. According to the results, it is suggested that the optimal salinity for fingerlings with mean weight 1gr is 8ppt and 10ppt

Acute bilateral angle closure glaucoma induced by methazolamide

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral acute myopia and angle closure glaucoma after ingestion of methazolamide. METHODS: An interventional case report of a 70-year-old male who developed bilateral, acute myopia and angle closure glaucoma after ingesting methazolamide tablets for the treatment of normal tension glaucoma. RESULTS: Bilateral anterior chamber shallowing associated with ciliary body edema, supraciliary effusions, and shallow posterior choroidal effusions were documented with slit-lamp photography and high-frequency ultrasonography. Near complete resolution of these signs after discontinuation of methazolamide were also documented. CONCLUSION: Methazolamide may be associated with secondary myopia and angle closure glaucoma. Discontinuation of methazolamide leads to resolution of this process, as documented by slit-lamp photography and high-frequency ultrasonography

DEVELOPMENT OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL-LOADED CHITOSAN MICROPARTICLES: A POTENTIAL STRATEGY TO IMPROVE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROMERITIC PROPERTIES

Objective: The objective of the present research was to improve physicochemical and micromeritic properties of Olmesartan Medoxomil (OLM), BCS class II antihypertensive drug by loading in Chitosan (CH) microparticles.Methods: The 32 full factorial design was assigned for microparticles prepared by single emulsion technique method using CH, a natural polymer and Glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross linking agent. Developed microparticles were characterized for Micromeritic properties, morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and interaction studies Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) & Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), drug crystallinity study by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) & DSC.Results: Maximum entrapment efficiency was found 61.76% for maximal CH and lower GA concentration. Saturation solubility of microparticles was increased by 13.74 times to that of pure OLM. FTIR showed compatibility between drug and polymer. XRD, DSC and SEM studies confirmed reduction in crystallinity of drug. It led to increase in dissolution profile of the drug and showed 92.61% of drug release in 120 min. These microparticle preparations also helped in improving micromeritic properties like bulk density, tapped density, the angle of repose, Hausner's ratio and Carr's index.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present work demonstrate the potential use of CH to modulate physicochemical and micromeritic properties of OLM especially obtaining significant improvement in dissolution rate. Â

Momentum-dependent relaxation dynamics of the doped repulsive Hubbard model

We study the dynamical behavior of doped electronic systems subject to a global ramp of the repulsive Hubbard interaction. We start with formulating a real-time generalization of the fluctuation-exchange approximation. Implementing this numerically, we investigate the weak-coupling regime of the Hubbard model both in the electron-doped and hole-doped regimes. The results show that both local and nonlocal (momentum-dependent) observables evolve toward a thermal state, although the temperature of the final state depends on the ramp duration and the band filling. We further reveal a momentum-dependent relaxation rate of the distribution function in doped systems and trace back its physical origin to the anisotropic self-energies in the momentum space

Green Pricing Model with Mental and R&D Share: A Strategy for non Green Firms

The research on green marketing practices is going popular now a day but still many companies are lagging behind in development of green products. Thus, these companies may follow the green marketing mix approach to get competitive advantage in term of profitability. This study focused on only one element of green marketing mix (i.e Green Price). SPSS was used to interpret the results while the data was collected from employees of Unilever. The relation of green price is studies with mental and R&D share and study provided the significant results. The derived model can be used by non green firms to add green element at least in their sales operations

Bending and free vibration analysis of thick isotropic plates by using exponential shear deformation theory

This paper presents a variationally consistent an exponential shear deformation theory for the bi-directional bending and free vibration analysis of thick plates. The theory presented herein is built upon the classical plate theory. In this displacement-based, refined shear deformation theory, an exponential functions are used in terms of thickness co-ordinate to include the effect of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia. The number of unknown displacement variables in the proposed theory are same as that in first order shear deformation theory. The transverse shear stress can be obtained directly from the constitutive relations satisfying the shear stress free surface conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate, hence the theory does not require shear correction factor. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the dynamic version of principle of virtual work. The simply supported thick isotropic square and rectangular plates are considered for the detailed numerical studies. Results of displacements, stresses and frequencies are compared with those of other refined theories and exact theory to show the efficiency of proposed theory. Results obtained by using proposed theory are found to be agree well with the exact elasticity results. The objective of the paper is to investigate the bending and dynamic response of thick isotropic square and rectangular plates using an exponential shear deformation theory

Design and Development of Saline Monitoring System Using Load cell

As the world population grows, the need for health care increases. In recent years, progress in medical care has been rapid due to the advancements in the field of sensors, microcontrollers and computers. A major reason for this is the combination of the two important disciplines namely medicine and engineering.                      This paper describes the development of an automatic saline monitoring system using a low cost indigenously developed load cell and GSM (Global system for mobile communication) modem. This enables the doctor or nurse on duty to monitor the saline flow rate from a distance. The Atmel16microcontroller is used for providing co-ordination action.                       Load cell which acts as a weight sensor , used to sense the weight of the bottle.  The detection of saline drop rate is quite faithful. Message about the status of the bottle is transmitted through GSM technology to a distant mobile cell for future actions as well as displayed on LCD display

Second-harmonic generation in the topological multifold semimetal RhSi

Recent experiments in the topological Weyl semimetal TaAs have observed record-breaking second-harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical response at 2? generated by an incoming light source at ?. However, whether SHG is enhanced in topological semimetals in general is a challenging open question because their band structure entangles the contributions arising from trivial bands and topological band crossings. In this work, we circumvent this problem by studying RhSi, a chiral topological semimetal with a simple band structure with topological multifold fermions close to the Fermi energy. We measure SHG in a wide frequency window, ? [0.27,1.5]eV and, using first-principles calculations, we establish that, due to their linear dispersion, the contribution of multifold fermions to SHG is subdominant as compared with other regions in the Brillouin zone. Our calculations suggest that parts of the bands where the dispersion is relatively flat contribute significantly to SHG. As a whole, our results suggest avenues to enhance SHG responses. © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society