Hakka Indenture Museum

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Investigation of the crystallisation inhibitory properties of albumin isolated from the urine of Black and White South Africans

Bibliography: leaves 81-94.Stone incidence in South African blacks is extremely rare. The hypothesis to be tested is whether this apparent immunity can be attributed to the presence of more potent inhibitors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallisation in urine from blacks compared to those occurring in the urine of white subjects. Urinary proteins have been shown to be inhibitors. This study investigated the crystallisation inhibitory properties of albumin isolated from the urine of healthy black (BA) and healthy white (WA) South Africans as well as those of human serum albumin (HSA). Albumin was selected because previous studies on other population groups had revealed that the protein inhibits CaOx aggregation. This observation is significant because crystal aggregation is considered to be more important for stone formation than crystal nucleation or growth

Hukum Bradford pada Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Jurnal Ilmiah sudah tidak diragukan lagi untuk kualitas informasinya karena telah melalui proses seleksi sebelum diterbitkan. Akan tetapi, produktivitas pada setiap jurnal perlu dihitung untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas pada sebuah jurnal. Cara untuk menghitung kualitas pada setiap jurnal dapat menggunakan hukum Bradford. Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai produktivitas jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Gadjah Mada dari tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dengan menggunakan hukum bradford, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat total artikel sebanyak 595 dan terdapat 425 nama jurnal. Pembagian pola distribusi tersebut yaitu sebanyak 21 jurnal mencakup 64 artikel, sebanyak 82 jurnal mencakup 109 artikel, dan sebanyak 322 jurnal mencakup 322 artikel. Pembagian pola distribusi tersebut sebanyak 21 jurnal mencakup 64 artikel, sebanyak 82 jurnal mencakup 109 artikel, dan sebanyak 322 jurnal mencakup 322 artikel. Hukum Bradford dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui produktivitas jurnal dan dinyatakan valid untuk menemukan data set. Dari perhitungan dan periode waktu terbit, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Univeristas Gadjah Mada dapat dikatakan memiliki kualitas yang bagus dan merupakan salah satu jurnal yang penting dibidang sosial dan politik. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik merupakan jurnal yang dapat dijadikan salah satu literatur dalam bidang ilmu sosial dan ilmu politik karena produktivitasnya.Kata kunci: Hukum Bradford, jurnal ilmu sosial dan ilmu politik, produktivitas jurnal

Penerapan Hukum Lotka pada Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (JSP) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lotka merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung produktivitas penulis dalam suatu jurnal. Dalam penelitian ini, produktivitas penulis dalam jurnal ilmu sosial dan ilmu politik milik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Gadjah Mada pada tahun 2016 hingga 2018 dimana tiap volume/ tahun terdapat 6 artikel dengan jumlah penulis yang sangat variatif baik individu maupun kelompok (lebih dari 1 orang). Pada jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (JSP) antara tahun 2016 hingga 2018 terdapat 89 nama penulis. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa penulis yang paling produktif menghasilkan 2 artikel dan yang paling sedikit menghasilkan 1 artikel yang dimuat dalam jurnal tersebut. Langkah terakhir dalam penerapan Hukum Lotka yakni menentukan uji Kolmonogrov-Smirnov (Uji K-S). Uji K-S dilakukan terhadap persamaan Lotka. Pada uji K-S menggunakan nilai kritis. Hasil dari perhitungan uji K-S, diketahui jumlah penulis sebanyak 89 dan nilai deviasi maksimum adalah 0,164. Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menentukan bahwa apabila Dmaks lebih kecil dari nilai kritis maka tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai teoritis dengan hasil pengamatan. Namun sebaliknya, apabila Dmaks lebih besar dari nilai kritis, maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai teoritis dengan hasil pengamatan. Jadi, berdasarkan hasil uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menghasilkan Dmaks = 0,164 dan nilai kritis 0,169. Sehingga hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai Dmaks lebih kecil dari nilai kritis dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sesuai dengan Hukum Lotka.Kata kunci: Hukum Lotka, jurnal ilmu sosial dan ilmu politik, produktivitas jurnal

Oxidative Damage to DNA and Lipids as Biomarkers of Exposure to Air Pollution

Ba c k g r o u n d: Air pollution is thought to exert health effects through oxidative stress, which causes damage to DNA and lipids. Obj e c t i v e: We determined whether levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and lipid peroxidation products in cells or bodily fluids from humans are useful biomarkers of biologically effective dose in studies of the health effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) from combustion processes. Data s o u r c e s: We identified publications that reported estimated associations between environmental exposure to PM and oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in PubMed and EMBASE. We also identified publications from reference lists and articles cited in the Web of Science. Data extraction: For each study, we obtained information on the estimated effect size to calculate the standardized mean difference (unitless) and determined the potential for errors in exposure assessment and analysis of each of the biomarkers, for total and stratified formal meta-analyses. Data synthesis: In the meta-analysis, the standardized mean differences (95 % confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed subjects for oxidized DNA and lipids were 0.53 (0.29–0.76) and 0.73 (0.18–1.28) in blood and 0.52 (0.22–0.82) and 0.49 (0.01–0.97) in urine, respectively. The standardized mean difference for oxidized lipids was 0.64 (0.07–1.21) in the airways. Restricting analyses to studies unlikely to have substantial biomarker or exposure measurement error, studies likely to have biomarker and/or exposure error, or studies likely to have both sources of error resulted in standardized mean differences of 0.55 (0.19–0.90), 0.66 (0.37–0.95), and 0.65 (0.34–0.96), respectively. Co n c l u s i o n s: Exposure to combustion particles is consistenly associated with oxidatively damaged DNA and lipids in humans, suggesting that it is possible to use these measurements as biomarkers of biologically effective dose. Key w o r d s: biomarker, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation products, oxidative stress, particulate matter. Environ Health Perspect 118:1126–1136 (2010). doi:10.1289/ehp.0901725 [Onlin

Mercury Concentrations in Fish Jerky Snack Food: Marlin, Ahi, and Salmon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dried meat and fish have served as an important durable nutrition source for humans for centuries. Because omega 3 fatty acids in fish are recognized as having antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties found to be beneficial for good health, many consumers are looking to fish as their main source of protein. Unfortunately, contaminants such as methylmercury can accumulate in some species of fish. The purpose of this research is to test commercially available fish jerky snack foods for mercury contamination.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifteen bags of marlin jerky, three bags of ahi jerky, and three bags of salmon jerky were purchased from large retail stores in Hawaii and California, and directly from the proprietors' Internet websites. Five individual strips of jerky per bag were analyzed for a total of one hundred and five tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From the seventy-five marlin jerky samples, mercury concentration ranged from 0.052-28.17 μg/g, with an average of 5.53 μg/g, median 4.1 μg/g. Fifty-six (75%) marlin samples had mercury concentrations that exceeded the FDA's current mercury action level of 1.0 μg/g, while six samples had greater than 10 μg/g. Fifteen samples of ahi had mercury concentrations ranging from 0.09-0.55 μg/g, while mercury concentrations in fifteen salmon samples ranged from 0.030-0.17 μg/g.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study found that mercury concentrations in some fish jerky can often exceed the FDA's allowable mercury limit and could be a significant source of mercury exposure.</p

Countering the Australian 'ndrangheta: The criminalisation of mafia behaviour in Australia between national and comparative criminal law

Mafia-type criminal groups belonging to, or originated from, the Calabrian ‘ndrangheta from Southern Italy, have been object of recent academic research and media attention in Australia. The Australian ‘ndrangheta, as qualified form of organised crime, poses new challenges for law enforcement in the country. This paper briefly looks at the strategies to fight organised crime in Australia, with specific focus on anti-association laws. By using a comparative approach, the paper will look at the criminalisation of mafias as qualified forms of organised crime in other two jurisdictions, Italy and the USA, to advocate for an effective mafia criminalisation in Australia. In conclusion, this paper will argue that, in order to also fight mafia phenomena, criminal law in Australia should focus on behaviours of organised crime groups rather than only on the criminalisation of proscribed associations and their illegal activities

Prevalence of CADASIL and Fabry Disease in a Cohort of MRI Defined Younger Onset Lacunar Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, is the most common monogenic disorder causing lacunar stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Fabry disease (FD) due to mutations in the GLA gene has been suggested as an underdiagnosed cause of stroke, and one feature is SVD. Previous studies reported varying prevalence of CADASIL and FD in stroke, likely due to varying subtypes studied; no studies have looked at a large cohort of younger onset SVD. We determined the prevalence in a well-defined, MRI-verified cohort of apparently sporadic patients with lacunar infarct. METHODS: Caucasian patients with lacunar infarction, aged ≤70 years (mean age 56.7 (SD8.6)), were recruited from 72 specialist stroke centres throughout the UK as part of the Young Lacunar Stroke DNA Resource. Patients with a previously confirmed monogenic cause of stroke were excluded. All MRI's and clinical histories were reviewed centrally. Screening was performed for NOTCH3 and GLA mutations. RESULTS: Of 994 subjects five had pathogenic NOTCH3 mutations (R169C, R207C, R587C, C1222G and C323S) all resulting in loss or gain of a cysteine in the NOTCH3 protein. All five patients had confluent leukoaraiosis (Fazekas grade ≥2). CADASIL prevalence overall was 0.5% (95% CI 0.2%-1.1%) and among cases with confluent leukoaraiosis 1.5% (95% CI 0.6%-3.3%). No classic pathogenic FD mutations were found; one patient had a missense mutation (R118C), associated with late-onset FD. CONCLUSION: CADASIL cases are rare and only detected in SVD patients with confluent leukoaraiosis. No definite FD cases were detected.The UK Young Lacunar Stroke DNA Study was funded by a grants from the Wellcome Trust (WT072952, www.wellcome.ac.uk) and the Stroke Association (TSA 2010/01& TSA 2013/02, www.stroke.org.uk). Fabry disease screening was supported by an unrestricted scientific grant from Shire Human Genetic Therapies (www.shire.com). The sponsors of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. L R-J’s salary is funded by a Stroke Association/ British Heart Foundation grant. (TSA/BHF 2010/01). HM is supported by an National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator award (www.nihr.ac.uk). HM and SB are supported by the Cambridge University Trust National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Research Centre (www.cambridge-brc.org.uk).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from PLoS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013635

Grizzly Bear Abundance and Density in The Cabinet-Yaak Ecosystem

We use genetic detection data from concurrent hair corral and bear rub sampling to provide abundance and density estimates for the threatened grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the Cabinet Mountain and Yaak regions in northwestern Montana and northern Idaho collectively known as the Cabinet-Yaak Ecosystem (CYE). We used Huggins models in Program MARK and model averaging to generate region- and sex-specific abundance estimates. To estimate the average number of bears present, we estimated mean bear residency on our sampling grid from telemetry data and used it to correct our super population estimates for lack of geographic closure. Total grizzly bear abundance in the CYE in 2012 was 49 (95% CI: 44-62) with an average of 45 (95% CI: 42-65) present at any one time. Population size in the Cabinet and Yaak regions was equal: Cabinet: 22 (95% CI: 20-36); Yaak: 22 (95% CI: 22-39). Grizzly bear density in the CYE was 4.5 (95% CI: 3.7-5.3) grizzly bears/1000 km2. With parentage analysis, we document the first natural migrants to the critically low and interbred Cabinet population and the Yaak population by bears born to parents in neighboring populations. These events support data from other sources suggesting that the expansion of neighboring populations may eventually help sustain the CYE populations

Effects of abasic sites on structural, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of quadruplex structures

Abasic sites represent the most frequent lesion in DNA. Since several events generating abasic sites concern guanines, this damage is particularly important in quadruplex forming G-rich sequences, many of which are believed to be involved in several biological roles. However, the effects of abasic sites in sequences forming quadruplexes have been poorly studied. Here, we investigated the effects of abasic site mimics on structural, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of parallel quadruplexes. Investigation concerned five oligodeoxynucleotides based on the sequence d(TGGGGGT), in which all guanines have been replaced, one at a time, by an abasic site mimic (dS). All sequences preserve their ability to form quadruplexes; however, both spectroscopic and kinetic experiments point to sequence-dependent different effects on the structural flexibility and stability. Sequences d(TSGGGGT) and d(TGGGGST) form quite stable quadruplexes; however, for the other sequences, the introduction of the dS in proximity of the 3′-end decreases the stability more considerably than the 5′-end. Noteworthy, sequence d(TGSGGGT) forms a quadruplex where dS does not hamper the stacking between the G-tetrads adjacent to it. These results strongly argue for the central role of apurinic/apyrimidinic site damages and they encourage the production of further studies to better delineate the consequences of their presence in the biological relevant regions of the genome