DNA identification of kayu kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kalimantan is an island with an abundance of kayu Kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed). Kayu kuning is used for three different plant species, namely Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr., Fibraurea tinctoria Lour., and Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Therefore, it creates confusion and may cause improper use. It has properties such as anti-diabetic, antiplasmodial, antidiarrheal, hepatitis, and antidote. The study uses the DNA barcode technique to identify kayu kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The genomic DNA of kayu kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed) was extracted, and ITS primers were used for identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was compared with Arcangelisia flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fenestratum as a phylogenetic tree. DNA sequence alignment of ITS and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that kayu kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed) from East Kalimantan was closely related to A. flava. The kayu kuning (yellow-fruited moonseed) had 94.16% of sequence similarity with A. flava according to the ITS1 barcode

TAMARINDUS INDICA L. OR "ASAM JAWA" : The sour but Sweet and useful

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されまし

Pemberian Air Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz &Pav) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Dan Kolesterol Darah Mencit Putih Jantan

This study aims to find of the effect of the water decoction of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) on blood glucose levels and cholesterol male white mice. The method used in this study deskripstif exploration using betel leaf stew and given to a white male mice are sonde at a dose of 0.13 ml / 20gBB, 0.13 to 0.39 ml / 20gBB 0.13 and 0.26 ml / 20gBB during seven days and examined glucose and cholesterol levels of the mice. Research results show that the water decoction of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) can lower blood glucose levels of male white mice were significantly (p <0.05) by ANOVA statistical analysis

Isolasi, Karakterisasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Pencegahan Antikalkuli Luteolin 7-o-glukosida Dari Daun Sonchus Arvensis L., Pada Tikus Dengan Metode Matriks-asam Glikolat

Banyak tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit batu kandungkemih dalam pengobatan tradisional Indonesia. Diantaranya: Orthosiphonaristatus (Bl.)Miq., Sonchus arvensis L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Strobilanthus crispusL. dan Imperata cylindrica L., Sonchus arvensis L. telah diteliti efek antikalkulinyaterhadap batu oksalat kandung kemih eksperimental pada tikus jantan.Kandungan kimia yang telah diketahui yaitu asam fenolat dan turunannya,flavonoid (antara lain luteolin 7-O-glukosida), terpena, kumarin, lipid dan minyakatsiri. Senyawa luteolin 7-O-glukosida telah diisolasi dari ekstrak etanol dandikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometri ultraviolet, inframerah, massa danresonansi magnet inti. Uji aktivitas antikalkuli luteolin 7-O-glukosida dilakukandengan metode matriks-asam glikolat. Bobot batu kandung kemih yang terjadidigunakan sebagai parameter untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibatu kandungkemih. Dari penelitian diperoleh, luteolin 7-O-glukosida aktif sebagai antikalkulipada dosis 0,15 mg/kg bb tikus: pada upaya pencegahan berkhasiat 51,62%(P≤0,05) dan pada upaya pengobatan, terjadi penekanan 3,77% walaupunsecara statistik tidak bermakna

UJI DAYA ANTHELMINTIK PERASAN BUAH SEGAR PACE (Morinda citrifolia)TERHADAP CACING Ascaridia galli SECARA IN VITRO

ANTHELMINTIC POTENCY TEST OF FRESH PACE (Morinda citrifolia) FRUIT SQUEEZE TO Ascaridia galli WORM IN VITRO Rabiah Adawiyah1, Noor Wijayahadi2 Background: Morinda citrifolia Linn or known as pace is a traditional medicine plant with a lot of use. It is a lot used for the treatment of hypertension and asthma, the ripe fruit can be used as anthelmintic as well. This research is done to prove the anthelmintic potency of fresh pace fruit squeeze compared with piperazine citrate solution as positive control and NaCl 0,9% solution as negative control. Methods: This in vitro research was an experimental research with post test only control group design. The samples were 234 Ascaridia galli worms, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group was squeeze of fresh pace fruit with 10%, 25%, 50%, 60%, 75%, and 100% concentrations. The second group was piperazine citrate solutions in 0,2%, 0,3%, 0,4%, 0,5, 0,6%, and 0,7% concentrations as positive control. The third group was NaCl 0,9% solutions as negative control. Each group was triple replicated. The volume of sample administered was 25 ml for each petri dish containing 6 worms. Each petri dish was incubated at 37oC, and then observed and recorded every 15 minutes for the total dead and or paralyzed worms. LC50 and LT50 of fresh pace fruit squeeze as anthelmintic was calculated using probit analysis methode. Treatment and control group data was analyzed by the differences test, using SPSS 13.0 for Window, with significant level p<0,05. Result : Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LT50 of fresh pace (Morinda citrifolia) fruit squeeze were 58,19488% and 1 hour 42 minutes 12,3 seconds. Mann-Whitney test showed that treatment and positive control group had significant difference (p0,05) to positive control groups. WAShile treatment group with 50%, 60%, 75%, and 100% concentration had significant difference (p<0,05) to all positive control groups. Conclusion: Fresh pace (Morinda citrifolia) fruit squeeze has in vitro anthelmintic effect to Ascaridia galli worm. Key Words: Anthelmintik, Ascaridia galli, Morinda citrifolia. UJI DAYA ANTHELMINTIK PERASAN BUAH SEGAR PACE (Morinda citrifolia)TERHADAP CACING Ascaridia galli SECARA IN VITRO Rabiah Adawiyah1, Noor Wijayahadi2 Latar belakang: Morinda citrifolia Linn atau dikenal sebagai pace adalah tanaman obat tradisional dengan banyak khasiat. Pace banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan hipertensi dan asma, buahnya yang matang juga bisa digunakan sebagai anthelmintik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan daya anthelmintik perasan buah segar pace dibandingkan dengan larutan piperazin sitrat sebagai kontrol positif dan larutan NaCl 0,9% sebagai kontrol negatif. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain post test only control group. Sampelnya adalah 234 cacing Ascaridia galli, yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah perasan buah segar pace dengan konsentrasi 10%, 25%, 50%, 60%, 75%, dan 100%. Kelompok kedua adalah larutan piperazin sitrat dalam konsentrasi 0,2%, 0,3%, 0,4%, 0,5, 0,6%, dan 0,7% sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok ketiga adalah larutan NaCl 0,9% sebagi kontrol negatif. Masing-masing kelompok direplikasi 3 kali. Volume yang diberikan adalah 25 ml untuk tiap cawan petri yang berisi 6 ekor cacing. Setiap cawan petri diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC, kemudian diamati dan dicatat pada tiap 15 menitnya jumlah cacing yang mati dan atau paralisis. LC50 dan LT50 perasan buah segar pace sebagai anthelmintik dihitung menggunakan metode analisis probit. Data kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol dianalisis dengan uji beda, menggunakan SPSS 13.0 for Windows, dengan taraf signifikasi p<0,05. Hasil: Dari hasil analisis probit diperoleh harga LC50 dan LT50 perasan buah segar pace (Morinda citrifolia) adalah 58,19488% dan 1 jam 42 menit 12,3 detik. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol positif mempunyai perbedaan yang bermakna (p0,05) terhadap kelompok kontrol positif. Sedangkan kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 50%, 60%, 75%, dan 100% mempunyai perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) terhadap semua kelompok kontrol positif. Kesimpulan: Perasan buah segar pace (Morinda citrifolia) mempunyai daya anthelmintik terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli secara in vitro. Kata kunci: Anthelmintik, Ascaridia galli, Morinda citrifolia

LIPID PROFILE AND PLATELET AGGREGATION OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.) IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MALE WISTAR RAT

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of ethanol seed extract of avocado (ESEA) (Persea americana Mill.) on lipidprofile and platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemic male Wistar rat.Methods: The avocado seed was extracted using 70% ethanol by the reflux method. The induction method was conducted by giving high cholesterolintake and oral administration of pure cholesterol, cholic acid, and propylthiouracil. Antiplatelet aggregation parameters were measured by observingof bleeding time (BT), coagulation time (CT), and antiplatelet aggregation activity using adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) as aggregation inductor.Lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), as well as theparameters of platelet aggregation were measured before the induction, the end of induction and the end of therapy.Results: ESEA 10 mg/kg bw showed decreasing in TC and LDL levels which was significantly different compare to control group (p&lt;0.05) while ESEA20 and 40 mg/kg bw gave decreasing in TG. All of doses of extract showed no increasing in HDL levels. In antiplatelet aggregation effect test, ESEA10 mg/kg bw had the ability to extend BT. ESEA 20 and 40 mg/kg bw had the ability to extend the CT. All of doses of extract showed significantlydifferent (p&lt;0.05) on the measurement of aggregation activity by decreasing in plasma absorbance.Conclusion: The result suggested lipid lowering and anti-aggregation potential of ESEA, which serves as a new potential herbal product and good forcardiovascular disease treatment because it can reduce both risk factors causing the disease.Keywords: Cholesterol, Platelet aggregation, Avocado, Persea americana Mill., Seed

Division of Visiting Professors(Research Center for Ethnomedicine)

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Aktivitas Glutation Peroksidase dan Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Diabetes yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Kapulaga (Amomum Cardamomum)

Oxidative stress in a patient with diabetes known to decrease the activity of GSH-PX and increase the level of blood glucose. Glibenclamide is commonly used by patients with diabetes to lower the blood glucose. However, the long-term use of glibenclamide may induce the damage of pancreatic β-cells. The extract containing flavonoids and vitamin C of cardamoms leaf can reduce free radicals. The effect of cardamoms leaf extract on the enzymes activity and the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardamoms leaf extract administration in the GSH-PX activities and the level of blood glucose of diabetic rats. The method used in this study was experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). There were three groups with five replicates for each. The first group, diabetic rats as control group were given no treatment; the second group, diabetic rats were given cardamoms leaf extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight; the third group, the diabetic rat were given glibenclamide at the dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight. Blood samples were taken three times at 0, 7, and 14 days after each treatment. Parameters measured were GSH-PX activity and the level of blood glucose. The data were analyzed using ANOVA F-test with a confidence level of 95%. The result of this study showed that the cardamoms leaf extract treatment decreased the activity of GSH-PX activity and decreased the level of blood glucose at a significant level (p < 0.05) from 278.8 to 101.4 mg/dl