SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY FOR XIAOCHI IN HUBEI PROVINCE IN THE VIEW OF INTEGRATING NEIGHBORING CITIES OF JIUJIANG AND HUANGMEI

同城化是"从区域论城市"基础上形成的一种新的城市区域发展观。在湖北小池滨江新区上升为"省级战略"之际,从政策主导、内生驱动、外借助推、资源聚合等4个方面分析小池南望融入九江同城发展的动力。结合相关数据分析指出,在"中四角"地理中心与"鄂东门户"耦合的特殊区位条件下,小池发展面临区位优势转化难、产业定位游离、城镇化动力不足、空间风貌特色欠缺等问题,并从九江、黄梅"同城共建、拥江共享、错位共赢"3个维度指出,位于鄂东前沿阵地的小池城镇空间需要重点从构建完善的公共服务设施体系和基础设施网络、提升拥江发展的梯次空间品质、聚合错位发展的产业布局等方面调控优化,以彰显两地的同城化效应,带动鄂东门户地带的发展。Urban area integration is a new form of regional development based on the concept of "city-region." This paper analyzes the driving force for integrating Xiaochi into its neighboring Jiujiang City from the four aspects of the macroeconomic policy, the internal driving force, the external boosting power, and the endogenous resources aggregation, hoping to facilitate the development of Xiaochi Riverside District as it has risen as the "provincial strategy." Statistical analysis reveals that major challenges in Xiaochi, a town located in the center of the so-called "four corners in central China" as well as at "the gateway of eastern Hubei Province," consist of diffi culty in exploiting regional features, random industry positioning, feeble driving force for urbanization, and lack of spatial characteristics. This paper proposes a spatial optimization strategy to overcome the above challenges based upon the principles of "building as one city, co-sharing resources along the Yangtze River, and win-win via dislocation development" for the development of Jiujiang and Huangmei cities. In detail, Xiaochi, as a forefront located in eastern Hubei Province, should focus on boosting the public facility system and infrastructure network, enhancing the quality of its riverside echelon spaces, and optimizing dislocation development of the industrial layout. By doing so, the effect of urban area integration is expected to be highlighted to promote the development of the portal area in the eastern Hubei Province.国家自然科学基金项目(51478199);; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20120142120013

改革开放40年中国城乡规划教育发展

改革开放40年来中国规划教育发展过程及经验是国内外规划教育界共同关注的问题。文章采用综合分析方法,总结中国规划教育40年发展演变路径,可以发现,伴随着城市规划实践由\"物质形态规划—综合战略规划—资源管理型规划\"的发展,规划教育也经历了\"建筑基础—城市科学基础—多学科融合\"的规划教育嬗变过程,40年规划教育发展高度契合国家发展战略要求,并具有鲜明的实践需求导向,现阶段国家空间规划体系重构将对未来规划教育发展产生重要影响。国家自然科学基金重点项目(51538004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51478199);国家自然科学基金青年项目(51708471

Neurotoxic Effects of Co-exposure to Lead and Dechlorane Plus on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为研究对象,探讨铅(Pb); 、得克隆(DP)及二者联合急性暴露对斑马鱼胚胎的神经毒性作用。结果表明,Pb(5、20 mug·L~(-1))和DP(15、60; mug·L~(-1))单独暴露均会引起斑马鱼自主运动频率增加,触摸反应能力和自由游泳活力下降,并且抑制初级运动神经元的生长,加剧尾部细胞凋亡。但; 与20 mug·L~(-1) Pb单独暴露相比,高剂量联合暴露(20 mug·L~(-1) Pb + 60 mug·L~(-1); DP)使斑马鱼的自主运动频率显著降低(P < 0.05),触摸反应能力和自由游泳活力显著增强(P <; 0.05),初级运动神经元轴突长度显著增加(P < 0.05),尾部细胞凋亡减少。与5 mug·L~(-1); Pb单独暴露相比,低剂量联合暴露(5 mug·L~(-1) Pb + 15 mug·L~(-1) DP)也显著减少斑马鱼尾部的细胞凋亡(P <; 0.05); 。上述结果表明,Pb或DP单独暴露对斑马鱼均可引起神经毒性作用;但二者联合暴露对斑马鱼自主运动、触摸反应以及自由游泳活力的影响则表现为拮抗作用。Neurotoxic effects of acute exposure to lead (Pb) or Dechlorane Plus; (DP),or both were investigated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.; Results showed that exposure to Pb (5,20 mug·L~(-1)) or DP (15,60 mug·; L-1) alone increased spontaneous movement,decreased touch response and; free-swimming activity,inhibited axonal growth of primary motoneuron and; induced cell apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Co-exposure to 20; mug·L~(-1) Pb and 60 mug·L~(-1) DP significantly decreased spontaneous; movement (P < 0.05),enhanced touch response and free-swimming activity; (P < 0.05),increased axonal length of primary motoneuron (P < 0.05) and; reduced cell apoptosis in zebrafish when compared to 20 mug·L~(-1) Pb; exposure alone. Co-exposure to 5 mug·L~(-1) Pb and 15 mug·L~(-1) DP also; significantly decreased cell apoptosis on the tail region when compared; to 5 mug·L~(-1) Pb exposure alone (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated; that Pb or DP exposure alone could induce neurobehavioral toxicity in; zebrafish, but Pb and DP co-exposure had antagonistic effects on; spontaneous movements,touch response and free swimming activity.国家自然科学基金项目; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基

Investigation on the iodine status among the population in rural and urban areas of Xiamen in 2013

目的了解碘盐新标准实施后农村和城市人群的碘营养现况,为有效落实科学补碘防控策略提供依据。方法在农村和城市调查点各抽取1个镇的1个村,在每个村采集自来水厂出厂水和末梢水各2份;抽取30户以上居民,采集各户家庭食用盐,用3日称量法测算各户居民人均食盐摄入量;抽取18-45岁成人50名以上,采集尿样。在抽中的镇随机选择8-10岁儿童(男女各半)、孕妇和哺乳期妇女各50名以上,采集尿样。测定盐碘、尿碘和水碘含量。结果农村和城市自来水末梢水水碘含量均值分别为4.5μg/L和6.0μg/L;居民人均每日食用盐摄入量中位数分别为7.0和5.6g;8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为152.0和181.2μg/L;哺乳妇尿碘中位数分别为108.3和107.7μg/L;18-45岁成人尿碘中位数分别为121.1和147.4μg/L;孕妇尿碘中位数分别为116.0和112.2μg/L,尿碘含量低于150μg/L的比例分别达67.9%和64%;除农村人均每日食用盐摄入量高于城市,农村18-45岁成人尿碘水平低于城市外,其他指标农村和城市间差异无显著性。结论厦门市仍是缺碘地区,在现有碘盐标准下,8-10岁儿童、18-45岁成人、哺乳期妇女的碘营养处于适宜水平,但孕妇的碘营养不足,要开展针对孕期人群的碘营养监测和指导,杜绝碘缺乏所造成的危害。Objective To gain knowledge of the iodine status among the population in rural and urban areas after the implement of new standard for edible salt and to provide scientific evidence for the initiative of the iodine supplement strategy. Method 1 village / community was selected randomly from rural and urban area as research site respectively. 2 samples of treated water and tap water were collected respectively in both sites, 30 + houses were enrolled randomly and edible salt samples were collected. 3days weighed record was employed to estimate average salt daily intake. Urine sample was collected from 50 + adults aged from 18 to 45. Identical sample was also collected from 50 + children aged from 8 to 10( same amount of subjects in both genders),pregnant women, and lactating women respectively. Iodine level of water, salt, and urine was determined by laboratory assay.Results The iodine concentration of tap water in rural and urban areas was 4. 5 μg / L and 6. 0 μg / L,respectively. The median of average iodine intake in rural and urban areas was 7. 0 g and 5. 6 g, respectively. The median in urine iodine was 152. 0 μg / L and 181. 2 μg / L,respectively. This measurement in lactating women was 108. 3 μg / L and 107. 7 μg / L,respectively. And it was121. 1 μg / L and 147. 4 μg / L in adults aged 18 to 45, respectively. As for the pregnant women, the iodine level reached 116. 0μg /L and 112. 2 μg /L,respectively. The proportion of subjects has urine iodine level less than 150 μg /L reached 67. 9 % and 64 %, respectively. The average salt intake in rural area was higher than urban significantly, and the urine iodine level in adults aged 18 to 45 from rural area was significantly lower than urban. No significance was found in other comparison. Conclusion Through our investigation,Xiamen is still an iodine deficiency area. Under the implement of new edible salt standard, the iodine status in children aged 8 to 10, adults aged 18 to 45 and lactating women was adequate, however, we found that pregnant women enrolled in our study have iodine deficiency in some degrees. Therefore the iodine surveillance and dietary guidance should be performed among pregnant women to eliminate the harm caused by iodine deficiency

Iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Xiamen City after adjusting iodized salt concentration

目的掌握gb 26878-2011《食用盐碘含量》标准执行后,厦门市妊娠期妇女碘营养状况,为卫生策略的制定提供依据。方法选择厦门市翔安区新店镇为调查点,调查妊娠期妇女食用新标准碘盐前后家中的碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、尿碘、尿比重水平。结果基线调查及新标准实施后第1到第5次评估,妊娠期妇女家庭碘盐覆盖率均达到100%,盐碘中位数分别为27.8、25.7、24.3、23.7、24.3和25.8 Mg/kg,5次评估的碘盐含量均比基线调查明显减少(均P0.05);基线调查及5次评估测得尿比重均数分别为1.0123、1.0153、1.0180、1.0143、1.0141和1.0132。第1、2、3次评估的尿比重水平均高于基线调查尿比重水平(均P0.05)。结论新标准实施后,妊娠期妇女家中食盐含碘量显著减少,新标准实施前后妊娠期妇女均处于碘营养不足状态,需加强该人群碘营养,保障下一代健康。[Objective]To understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women after implementation of‘Edible Salt Iodine Content'( GB26878-2011),and provide evidence for developing health policy.[Methods]The coverage rate of iodized salt,proportion of households using adequately iodized salt,urine-iodine and specific gravity of urine in pregnant women were investigated in Xindian Town of Xiang'an District in Xiamen City which was chosen as the research spot.[Results]In the baseline investigation and during the first-fifth self-assessment stage after carrying out the new standards,the coverage rates of iodized salt were all 100% and the iodine median value in pregnant women was 27.8 mg / kg,25.7 mg / kg,24.3 mg / kg,23.7 mg / kg,24.3 mg / kg and25.8 mg / kg,respectively.The iodine contents in the first-fifth selfassessment stage were all less than that in the baseline survey( all P 0.05).The proportion of urine in pregnant women in the baseline investigation and the first- fifth self-assessment stage was 1.012 3,1.015 3,1.018 0,1.014 3,1.014 1 and 1.013 2 respectively.The proportions of urine in the first-third self-assessment stage were all higher than the baseline survey( all P 0.05).[Conclusion]After the implementation of the new standard,the iodinated content in salt in pregnant households has been reduced significantly.But the pregnant women are in iodine malnutrition before and after implementation of the new standard.It is necessary to strengthen the iodine nutrition for the health of the fetus.福建省科技厅自然基金面上项目(项目编号:2012D046); 厦门市科技局科技计划项目(项目编号:3502Z20124057

厦门海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的变化趋势

根据2003～2008年每年丰水期、枯水期和平水期于厦门海域开展的海洋环境调查的资料,研究了该海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量区域分布和时间变化趋势.结果表明,调查期间该海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐平均含量都较高,分别为0.50、0.031 mg/dm3.其营养盐含量的区域分布相差较大,其中九龙江口水体无机氮含量最高,年均含量为0.52～1.37 mg/dm3;厦门西港水体活性磷酸盐含量最高,年均含量为0.039～0.061 mg/dm3;而大嶝海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量最低,年均含量分别为0.06～0.22、0.007～0.016 mg/dm3.调查期间全海域水体无机氮含量呈逐年增加趋势,活性磷酸盐含量在2003～2005年间呈上升趋势,而2005～2008年则有小幅度的下降.厦门海域水体N/P原子比较高,调查期间全海域年均值为27.4～47.5,且呈逐年增加趋势.无机氮含量的明显增加趋势及越来越严重的N/P比失衡,势必对该海域海洋生态系统尤其是浮游植物群落演替产生不良影响.此外,研究还发现厦门海域水体无机氮含量与盐度呈高度负相关(r=-0.96,n=30).这有力地证明了九龙江径流输入是厦门海域无机氮的最主要来源

The effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystem

海洋酸化是CO2排放引起的另一重大环境问题.工业革命以来,海洋吸收了人类排放CO2总量的三分之一.目前,海洋每年吸收的量约为人类排放量的四分之一(即约每小时吸收100万吨以上的CO2),对缓解全球变暖起着重要的作用.然而,随着海洋吸收CO2量的增加,表层海水的碱性下降,引起海洋酸化.海洋酸化会引起海洋系统内一系列化学变化,从而影响到大多数海洋生物的生理、生长、繁殖、代谢与生存,可能最终导致海洋生态系统发生不可逆转的变化,影响海洋生态系统的平衡及对人类的服务功能.地球历史上曾多次发生过海洋酸化事件,伴随着生物种类的灭绝,其内在联系虽然不甚明确,却也可能暗示未来海洋酸化可能对海洋生态系统产生重大的影响.Ocean acidification is known as another global change problem caused by increasing atmospheric CO2.Since the industrial revolution, the oceans have absorbed more than one third of the anthropogenic CO2 released to the atmosphere, currently, at a rate of over 1 million tons per hour, totaling to about one quarter of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually.Uptake of CO2 by the ocean has played an important role in stabilizing climate by mitigating global warming.However, rising ocean carbon levels caused by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (acidic gas) leads to increased ocean acidity (reduced pH) and related changes in ocean carbonate chemistry, or "ocean acidification".Recent research has shown that ocean acidification affects the physiology, growth, survival, and reproduction of many, if not most marine organisms.Ultimately, future ocean acidification may lead to significant changes in many marine ecosystems, with consequential impact on ecosystem services to societies.Several ocean acidification events are known to have occurred during Earth’s history, each coinciding with high rates of species’ extinctions.Although the mechanisms involved in past massive species extinction associated with ocean acidification events, they certainly hint potential disastrous impacts on ecosystem functions in short future.中国科学院“百人计划”(2006-067); 国家自然科学基金(40872168)资

Study on the variation of the iodine nutrition status among children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Xiamen city after the implement of new standard of iodized salt supply

目的研究新标碘盐供应前后厦门市沿海8-10岁儿童和孕妇的碘营养变化情况,为下一步碘缺乏病防控策略调整提供实证依据。方法在新标碘盐供应前及食用新标碘盐后的第3、6、9个月调查厦门市翔安区8-10岁学生和孕妇的尿碘、尿比重、碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率和居民日人均食盐摄入量。结果自来水水碘含量为4.2μg/l,基线调查、第二、三次评估日人均食盐摄入量均数分别为5.7、6.9、6.9 g;基线调查、第一、第二、三次评估,8-10岁学生碘盐合格率和合格碘盐食用率都分别为97.1、93.1、98.0和98.0,盐碘中位数分别为28.7、24.7、24.0、25.3 Mg/kg,尿碘中位数分别为132.0、177.7、181.7和134.5μg/l,尿比重均值分别为1.0157、1.0196、1.0213和1.0184;孕妇碘盐合格率分别为97.8%、84.6%、84.4%和90.2%,盐碘中位数分别为27.8、25.7、24.3和23.7Mg/kg,尿碘中位数分别为103.8、128.5、138.9和100.2μg/l,尿比重均值分别为1.0123、1.0153、1.0180和1.0143;尿碘与采样季节、气候及尿比重有关,尿碘值与尿比重呈正相关关系。结论新标碘盐实施前后,8-10岁儿童碘营养总体处于适宜水平,但孕妇碘营养均不足,要采取措施加强孕妇碘营养,保障人群健康素质。Objective To investigate the variation of iodine nutrition among children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women after the implement of new standard of iodized salt supply, and to provide evidence for the further adjustment of control strategy against iodine deficiency disease.Method Survey has been performed to acquire the urinary iodine, specific gravity, iodized salt coverage rate, iodized salt qualification rate, qualified iodized salt consumption rate and average daily salt intake among children aged 8 to10 and pregnant women in Xiamen city.It has been conducted for 3 times repeatedly with a regular interval of 3 months after the implement of new standard.Results The tap water iodine content was 4.2 μg / L.The average daily salt intake of baseline survey, second and third assessment was 5.7, 6.9 and 6.9 g respectively.The iodized salt coverage rates among children aged 8 to10 and pregnant women were all reached 100% in 4 assessments.Among children aged 8 to 10, iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate for 4 assessments were 97.1, 93.1, 98.0 and 98.0 respectively.Median of iodine salt samples was 28.7, 24.7, 24.0 and 25.3 mg / kg, respectively.The median of urinary iodine was 132.0,1 77.7, 181.7 and134.5 μg / L,respectively.The mean of specific gravity was 1.0184, 1.0157, 1.0196 and 1.0213, respectively.Among the pregnant women, the iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate of pregnant women were 97.8, 84.6, 84.4 and 90.2%, respectively.Median of iodine salt samples was 27.8, 25.7, 24.3 and 23.7 mg / kg, respectively.Median of urinary iodine was 103.8, 128.5, 138.9 and 100.2 μg / L,respectively.Mean of specific gravity was 1.0123,1.0153,1.0180 and 1.0143, respectively.Urinary iodine was correlated with season of sampling, climate and specific gravity, and urinary iodine was positively correlated with specific gravity.Conclusion The iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 to 10 was remained in adequate level regardless of the implement of new standard of iodized salt.However, the results suggested that the corresponding indicator among pregnant women was in a relatively low level.Proper countermeasure should be taken to enhance the iodine su-pply among them and to further secure the quality of general population

中国东南沿海港口外轮压舱水生物的调查

随机选取东南沿海港口的17艘外来船舶(含8条集装箱船和9条散货船)作为监测对象,进行压舱水浮游植物及动物的物种鉴定和丰度测定,并对监测数据进行统计学分析。检出分属于7个浮游植物门类和5个动物门类的309种外来压舱水生物(包括60种赤潮生物)。外轮压舱水生物的分布及生存状态与水样的水龄和盐度相关。船舶压舱水排放是大家熟知的外来水生生物入侵的主要媒介。本调查结果表明,中国东南沿海外来散货船的压舱水排放所具的潜在生物入侵风险比集装箱船更应受关注

中国海及邻近区域碳库与通量综合分析

中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依\"世界第三极\"青藏高原、南邻\"全球气候引擎\"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区（渤海、黄海、东海、南海）、不同界面（陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等）,以及不同生态系统（红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等）多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO2约0.22Tg Ca-1,黄海吸收CO2约1.15Tg Ca-1,东海吸收CO2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca-1,南海释放CO2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca-1.如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO2的\"源\",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca-1.这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳（DIC）分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca-1,而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca-1,远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca-1.东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca-1.就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca-1,海草床溶解有机碳（DOC）输出通量为0.59Tg Ca-1;中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca-1,沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca-1.总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca-1.中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca-1,南海输出约31.39Tg Ca-1.综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO2的\"源\",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵（DOC转化输出）作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析.国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2016YFA0601400);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:91751207、91428308、41722603、41606153、41422603);;中央高校基础研究项目(编号:20720170107);;中海油项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ125FZDXM00TJ001-2014、CNOOCKJ125FZDXM00ZJ001-2014)资