基于Web浏览器的随机点实验技术研究

目的：随着在线实验越来越受欢迎，视觉实验也逐渐加入在线实验的行列。在线视觉实验是将视觉实验所需要的视觉刺激通过网页呈现到被试面前。这项工作已经有了很好的开始，例如：jsPsych库的设计。但此库并不能很好的支持有关随机点实验的研究。为了弥补此不足，本文对此做了深入的研究。 方法：采用JavaScript、HTML5 canvas对随机点和分布区域进行制作，分别使用setInterval和requestAnimationFrame（以下简称RAF）制作动画，并分析其流畅性。 结果：通过google Timeline工具对setInterval和RAF的动画效果进行比较，发现用setInterval制作的动画帧数明显低于用RAF制作的动画。RAF的动画效果更加流畅。 结论：有关随机点的视觉实验可以很好的通过在线实验的平台来实现，而且与离线实验相比其有不受实验场地约束和被试易选取等优势。并且极大的降低了实验成本和提高了实验效率。实验的设计中采用RAF制作动画能够更好的实现随机点实验。</p

东营凹陷沙四上段烃源岩原油的生成与滞留动力学

对来自渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙四上段王161井岩芯采用黄金管-高压釜封闭体系进行热解实验,对干酪根及其热解残渣分别进行了生烃动力学模拟实验和溶胀实验,研究烃源岩生油能力和生成原油在烃源岩中的滞留能力。将热解得到的动力学参数结合东营地区的热史和埋藏史,得出了沙四上段每克有机碳累积最大产油585.47 mg,沙四上段烃源岩进入生油阶段的时间约为距今22.0 Ma,结合动力学模拟参数,预测原油在沙四上段烃源岩中的排出时间距今约为8.0Ma;目前,沙四上段烃源岩进入生油后期阶段

自制CsI(Tl)晶体的光输出非均匀性

实验测试了中国科学院近代物理研究所制备的9根大尺寸闪烁晶体样品(40 mm×40 mm×300 mm)的光输出及其非均匀性。使用了多种光反射材料和包装方法对样品进行包装,对其光输出及其非均匀性进行测试。对实验数据进行分析,确定了大尺寸晶体的最佳读出端和包装方法。在测试中,所有CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体样品的光输出非均匀性均好于7%,部分样品可达到2%左右。结合本次实验结果,对影响CsI(Tl)晶体光输出非均匀性的因素进行了简要分析

产量与经济效益共赢的高效生态农业模式:以弘毅生态农场为例

化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂,同时不用地膜、人工合成激素、转基因种子生产优质安全食品,并在线上与线下销售.10年的长期实验结果表明,所在村庄农田生态环境改善,减少农药用量58.3%;物理+生物控虫效果明显,每盏灯年捕获量从2009年的33 kg下降到2014年的2.1 kg,下降93.8%;年消耗秸秆1000 t,秸秆利用率从1.1%提高到62.5%.有机肥还田提高了土壤生物多样性,有机果园蚯蚓数量317条m~(-2),而普通果园只有16条m~(-2);大量有机肥还田(75 t hm~(-2)),土壤有机质从实验初期的0.7%提高到2.4%.粮食产量从最初的11.43 t hm~(-2)提高到目前的17.43 t hm~(-2),其中冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)、夏玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)产量分别超出山东省平均水平42.6%,60.9%,32.2%和38.1%.由于质量好,产品已销售往除西藏以外的30个省、市、自治区,经济效益明显,平均每公顷效益是普通农田的3~5倍,带动所在村庄67户农民从事高效生态农业.本研究可为国家制定生态农业发展规划、精准扶贫、农村环境保护等提供科学依据

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials