一种基于微电极的珊瑚共生体光补偿点测定方法探讨

珊瑚虫与虫黄藻互利共生形成共生体,虫黄藻通过光合作用为珊瑚虫提供重要的能量来源。珊瑚共生体的光补偿点可以较好地指示珊瑚的光适应性,是重要光合特性指标,但其测定方法鲜有报道。利用溶氧微电极结合光强可调节光源,以鹿角杯形珊瑚为实验材料,依据扩散平衡理论,建立了一种造礁石珊瑚的光补偿点的测定方法。实验结果表明珊瑚的扩散边界层溶氧浓度会快速响应光强变化。珊瑚扩散边界层溶氧浓度与光合有效辐射具有较好的相关性,且光强由高降低过程测得的相关系数更高。实验测得鹿角杯形珊瑚的光补偿点较低,为1.52μE/m~2/s,与喜阴植物的光补偿点相当。相对较低的光补偿点利于珊瑚栖居于水深范围更广的区域,有助于扩展珊瑚的生态位。溶氧微电极相关技术和方法在珊瑚光合作用研究中具有广泛的应用前景。中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA13020300)国家自然科学基金(41676163; 41406191; 41276113; 41276114)国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0506301,2018YFC1406500)广州市珠江科技新星(201806010017

具有可调装置的斜齿插齿机主传动机构设计与分析

针对国产传统数控插齿机使用螺旋导轨加工斜齿轮存在的制造成本高,更换麻烦费时等问题,基于斜齿轮加工原理提出了实现附加转动和展成运动同步的机械结构,在现有数控插齿机上增加了一套可调装置,可使其不需更换螺旋导轨就可加工不同螺旋角的斜齿轮,并探讨了实现附加转动的具体方法。分析结果表明,该机构可满足不同螺旋角斜齿轮的插齿加工,能减少插齿加工辅助时间,使机床的效率和柔性得到提高

一种降低滑坡涌浪对大坝危害的方法及装置

本发明公开了一种降低滑坡涌浪对大坝危害的方法及装置,本发明是在滑坡涌浪可能发生地1～2km处的水面上设置多道浮于水面的障碍物,通过浮于水面的障碍物削弱滑坡形成的涌浪水流势能；使滑坡涌浪的流速和高度降低至下游大坝可承受范围内,以确保滑坡涌浪不会对大坝造成危害。本发明的装置当滑坡涌浪过来时,涌浪从栅体通过,通过水流紊流掺混实现消能,降低滑坡涌浪速度和高度,通过多级悬栅后,可以将滑坡涌浪速度和高度降低为可接受的程度。这样到达大坝前的滑坡涌浪已经基本不对大坝造成危害。本发明具有消能效果好,投资较小,可以避免大规模的边坡治理和大坝加高或控制运行水位的发生,具有极大的经济效益

一种用于1,5-戊二酸二甲酯加氢制取1,5-戊二醇的催化剂及方法

本发明涉及一种1，5-戊二酸二甲酯加氢制取1，5-戊二醇的催化剂及其制备方法，催化剂是由活性组分氧化铜，助剂氧化锌、氧化铝三组分组成，在催化剂总重量中氧化铜占40％～60％，氧化锌占20％～50％，氧化铝占10％～20％；其制备方法是将铜、锌和铝的可溶性盐类按其重量比混合用水溶解，在加热搅拌下，用碱溶液中和到pH＝7，对其沉淀物进行过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧、成型，使用本发明的催化剂进行1，5-戊二酸二甲酯加氢生成1，5-戊二醇，可以实现较低的反应压力，为3～5Mpa，从而能较大地降低生产装置的一次性投资和生产成本，并减小操作的难度。带填

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials