海湾污染物迁移扩散模型的数值实验研究

随着沿海地区经济的高速发展，大量的海洋排污使得部分海域环境质量恶化，海洋生态环境遭到破坏，海洋环境质量有所下降。近些年来，人们环境意识不断加强，开始逐渐关注海洋环境问题了。另一方面，随着计算机技术和数值模拟技术的发展，海洋环境数值模拟技术也日趋成熟，已被广泛应用。采用数值模型来模拟海洋环境中污染物的迁移和扩散规律，从而对海洋环境的水质进行预报或评估，在上述背景下，也越来越受到重视。 而对流－扩散方程能够对海洋环境中污染物的迁移扩散过程进行描述，因而问题就转化成对该对流－扩散方程的求解。与流体动力学中的欧拉和拉格朗日观点相对应，在求解上述对流－扩散方程时，同样存在着欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法，欧拉...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：19962700

Succession of phytoplankton community in exalted shrimp ponds during culture process

通过对湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村各2个高位虾池养殖过程的浮游植物演替和主要理化因子进行调查,研究浮游植物群落的演替过程对高位虾池的健康养殖的影响。结果表明:4池共检出浮游植物7门76属140种;对虾生长正常的北寮高位虾池演替优势种主要有螺旋环沟藻、椭圆扁胞藻、海链藻、湖泊束球藻密胞变种、裸甲藻、卵囊藻、微囊藻、锥形斯克里普藻、色球藻和尖尾蓝隐藻等,而对虾发病的庵里高位虾池演替优势种主要有铜绿微囊藻、柔弱布纹藻、咖啡形双眉藻、小席藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、水生集胞藻、衣藻、尖尾蓝隐藻和螺旋环沟藻等,北寮正常虾池浮游植物种类(包括优势种)较对虾发病的庵里虾池多而复杂;对虾生长正常池优势种的演替快而门类交替,而对虾发病池呈现硅藻到蓝藻优势的演替;对虾生长正常池浮游植物密度随养殖过程延伸呈上升态势,而对虾发病池浮游植物密度初期增加病害后下降;养殖过程浮游植物密度与主要理化因子的相关关系不显著;对虾生长正常的北寮高位池多样性指数与均匀度高于对虾发病的庵里高位池,而优势度却较低。水体理化因子变化平缓,浮游植物有较高的多样性指数和均匀度、较低的优势度对于稳定虾池养殖水环境有重要作用。An investigation was made on the succession of phytoplankton community and the main physical and chemical factors of water body in exalted shrimp ponds in Beiliao and Anli villages of Donghai Island,Zhanjiang during culture process,with the influence of the succession on the culture process analyzed.A total of 140 species of phytoplankton belonging to 76 genera and 7 phyla were identified.The dominant species in the two ponds with normal shrimp growth in Beiliao village were Gyrodinium spirale,Platymonas elliptica,Thalassiosira sp.2,Gomphosphaeria lacustris var.compacta,Gymnodinium sp.1,Oocystis sp.,Microcystis sp.,Scrippsiella trochoidea,Chroococcus sp.,and Chroomonas acuta,while those in the two ponds with shrimp disease occurrence in the process of culture in Anli village were Microcystis aeruginosa,Gyrosigma tenuissimum,Amphora coffeaeformis,Phormidium tenue,Anabaena circinlis,Synechocydtis aquetilis,Chlamydomonas sp.2,Chroomonas acuta,and Gyrodinium spirale.The phytoplankton species,including dominant ones,were more abundant and complex in normal ponds than in disease-affected ponds.In normal ponds,the dominant species succeeded rapidly and alternated in phyla,while in disease-affected ponds,only Bacillariophyta species were replaced by Cyanophyta species during the succession.The phytoplankton cell density increased during the culture process in normal ponds,but decreased after a temporary increase at early culture stage in disease-affected ponds.No significant relationships were observed between the phytoplankton cell density and the main physical and chemical factors in the ponds during culture process.The diversity and evenness of phytoplankton species were higher in the normal ponds in Beiliao than in the disease-affected ponds in Anli,while the dominance degree of species was in reverse.The mild variability of water body's physical and chemical factors as well as the high diversity and evenness but low dominance degree of phytoplankton species played important roles in keeping aquatic environment steady and healthy during the culture process in exalted shrimp pond.广东省自主创新重大科技资助项目(2007A032600004

Experimental study on effect of Changrun Formula in regulating expression of AQP3 and AQP9 in colon mucosa of functional constipation rats

目的:观察肠润方对功能性便秘模型大鼠结肠黏膜AQP3、AQP9表达的影响,探究其调控AQP3、AQP9表达的分子机制。方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(麻仁丸组)、肠润方组、肠润方联合P38MAPK抑制剂SB203580组。用复方地芬诺酯制造大鼠便秘模型,采用免疫组织化学及实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测大鼠便秘模型近端及远端结肠黏膜AQP3、AQP9的表达;Western Blot检测信号传导通路相关分子P38MAPK及P-P38MAPK的表达。结果:造模成功后,模型组近端结肠黏膜AQP3表达较空白组明显上升,而远端结肠黏膜AQP9表达较空白组明显下降(t值分别为3.148和7.069,P值均0.05)。肠润方联合P38MAPK抑制剂SB203580治疗后,近端结肠黏膜AQP3 m RNA水平显著上升(t=5.922,P0.05). The level of AQP3 m RNA in proximal colonic mucosa was significantly increased(t=5.922, P<0.01), and AQP9 m RNA was significantly decreased in distal colonic mucosa(t=4.038, P<0.01); The relative expression of P-P38/P38 protein was significantly decreased(t=19.419, P<0.01). Conclusion: The therapeutic action ofChangrun Formula on functional constipation rat models might through inhibiting the expression of AQP3 in proximal colon, and accelerating on expression of AQP9 in distal colon, and the regulating mechanism might relate with the inhibition on P38 MAPK and AKT phosphorylation.福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2012D043)~

Catalytical performance for ammonia decomposition on Ru/CNTs nano-material prepared by polyol reduction-deposition method

武小满( 1977-),女,副教授,主要研究方向:纳米材料和催化化学。 E-mail：[email protected][中文文摘]近年来各国对环境保护日益关注,为了减少甚至消除汽车、小型发电站等带来的污染,供给质子膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的现场制氢技术的研究受到关注。以含碳物质如甲醇、甲烷制得的氢气中不可避免含有COx(x=1,2),微量COx就会严重毒化电极,而氨分解制氢环境友好,经燃料电池单元综合利用后,尾气仅为N2和H2O并可直接排空,全过程不会产生有害气体,因此成为燃料电池用氢技术研究的热点。作为第二代氨合成催化剂的活性组分,纳米金属钌也是氨分解催化剂的研究重点[1];目前大部分的氨分解Ru催化剂主要采用浸渍法制得[1-3]。多元醇液相化学还原法[4-6]是近年来新发展起来的纳米金属催化剂/材料制备方法,因具有工艺简单,结果易重复,产物的粒径及其分布、形貌、纯度易控等特点而倍受人们的关注。另一方面,碳纳米管(CNTs)是一类新奇的碳素纳米材料,近年来被用作新型催化剂载体或促进剂的研究与日俱增,应用研究主要集中在液相和气相的选择加氢、脱氢、氢解等过程。Serp等[7]综述了CNTs在催化领域应用中的进展,认为其催化活性和选择性显示出令人鼓舞的前景。本文即采用乙二醇液相化学还原沉积法将少量Ru负载分散到CNTs上,制得一类Ru修饰碳纳米管复合材料,利用TEM、XRD 等技术对其进 行观测表征, 并以氨分解制氢作探针反应, 考察了 不同制备方法所得Ru /CNTs及添加碱/碱土金属 离子助剂对氨分解转化率的影响, 并讨论了CNTs 载体促进作用的本质。[英文文摘]A series of metallic Ru/CNTs were prepared using glycol reduction-deposition method. The results of TEM and XRD showed that metal Ru nanoparticles were quite uniform in shape and size(2~4 nm ) and well dispersed on the CNTs surface. The NH3-decom position conversion over Ru/CNTs catalyst prepared through ethylene glycol reduction-deposition was about 1.6 times as high as that of Ru/CNTs catalyst prepared by conventional incipientwetness method under the same reaction condition. The results demonstrated that NH3 decomposition over the Ru /CNTs catalyst using glycol reduction- deposition method with the Rux0-crystallite size at 3~4 nm displayed the highest reaction activity.While Rux0 particle size came dNH3 decom pos ition was m arked ly dropped. No ticeab ly, the promo ter o f K enhanced rem arkably catalytic activity of Ru /CNTs prepared using conven tiona l incipient w etness m ethod but few effect o f ones prepared using glycol reduction-deposition method.own to 2 nm and below, the conversion of NH3 decomposition was markedly dropped. Noticeably, the promoter of K enhanced remarkably catalytic activity of Ru/CNTs prepared using conventional incipient w etness m ethod but few effect of ones prepared using glycol reduction-deposition method.国家自然科学基金项目(20473063和20590364)资助; 校内青年科研基金(2009070)资

Preparation of Ru/CNTs Nano-material by Polyol Reduction-deposition Method and Its Catalytical Performance for Ammonia Decomposition

第一作者简介: 武小满, 女, 博士, 副教授, 从事催化化学研究及教学工作。E- mail xm anw u77@ yahoo. com. cn[中文文摘]通过乙二醇液相还原法将少量金属Ru沉积在碳纳米管(简称CNTs)上,TEM、XRD表征结果表明,该法明显提高了Ru在CNTs上的分散度,Ru微晶的粒径在3~4 nm。氨分解反应结果表明,采用乙二醇液相还原法在降低Ru负载量的同时还明显提高了Ru/CNTs的催化氨分解活性。在0.4 MPa、773 K、空速GHSV100%NH3=30 000 mL/(h.g)反应条件下,在液相还原法制备的4.2%Ru/CNTs催化剂上氨分解转化率可达48.5%,约为同条件下浸渍法所得5%Ru/CNTs的1.3倍,液相还原最佳配比5.7%Ru/γ-Al2O3的1.2倍。表观活化能测试结果显示用CNTs代替γ-Al2O3作为载体或分散相并不引起所负载Ru催化剂上NH3分解制H2反应的表观活化能发生明显变化。[英文文摘]Nowadays catalytic decomposition of ammonia is regarded as a method to obtain COfree hydrogen for its application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.In this paper,with carbon nano-tubes(as CNTs) as substrate,a series of metallic Ru/CNTs were prepared using glycol reduction-deposition method which enhanced markedly dispersion of Ru on CNTs with the Rux0-crystallite size at 3~4 nm characterized through TEM and XRD.Under reaction conditions of 0.4 MPa,773 K and GHSV100%NH3 = 30 000 mL/(h·g),the observed NH3- decomposition conversion over the 4.2% Ru/CNTs catalyst(prepared through ethylene-glycol reduction-deposition) reached 48.5%, which was about 1.2 times as high as that of the 5.7% Ru /γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the samemethod, and about 1.3 times as high as that of the 5% Ru /CNTs catalyst prepared by conventional incip ientw etnessmethod. Over the 4% Ru /CNTs catalys,t 100% o fNH3 - decomposition w as a ttained at 870 K; w hile over 5% Ru /CNTs prepared by conventional incipient wetness method, the reaction temperature as high as 900 K w as requ ired for the same (100%) conversion. At 870 K, the observed NH3 - decomposit ion conversion w as only 81. 7% over the 5. 7% Ru /γ-Al2O3 catalys.t It was experimentally also found that using the CNTs in place of γ-Al2O3 as support of them etalRu- catalyst did not cause amarked change in the apparent activation energy (Ea) for the reaction of NH3- decomposition to yieldH2.国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”项目(2005CB221400); 国家自然科学基金项目(20473063和20590364

Determination of Buprofezin, Methamidophos, Acephate, and Triazophos Residues in Chinese Tea Samples by Gas Chromatography

建立了同时测定茶叶中噻嗪酮、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和三唑磷4种农药残留量的测定方法。在45℃加温条件下,用乙酸乙酯 正己烷混合溶剂提取及活性炭色谱柱净化,用不同配比的乙酸乙酯 正己烷混合液梯度洗脱待测组分,以DB 210毛细管色谱柱分离、氮磷检测器测定。结果表明,上述4种农药在10min内能很好地分离;样品加标回收率(n=3)为73 4%～96 9%。方法的变异系数为2.49%～3.35%,茶叶(干重)中4种农药的定量检测下限为7 0～12 0μg/kg。A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of buprofezin, methamidophos, acephate and triazophos residues in Chinese tea samples. The pesticide residues were extracted from tea samples with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (50∶50, v/v) at 45 ℃. The extracts were subsequently treated with a column packed with 40 mg of active carbon by gradient elution with ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Buprofenzin and the three (organophosphorus) pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography using a DB-210 capillary column and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The recoveries for spiked standards were 73.4%-96.9%. The relative standard deviations were all within 4.63%. The limits of quantitation (3σ) in the tea samples were about 7.0-12.0 μg/kg.福建省自然科学基金重点项目(B0220001)

中华双腔吸虫的生活史

本文首次报告中华双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium chinensis)发展史各发育期的形态特征,通过生活史研究,首次阐明第一中间宿主是陆地蜗牛——同型阔纹蜗牛(Bradybaena similaris))(人工感染成功的厦门蜗牛)、枝小丽螺(Ganesella virgo)(黑龙江扎赉特旗,天然感染)及华蜗牛(Cathaicafasciola)(山西安泽,天然感染);第二中间宿主是蚂蚁:(Camponotuscompressus(山西安泽人工感染及天然感染)、Formica truncicola(黑龙江扎赉特旗,天然感染)及Formica gagates(吉林、乌兰浩特)。 比较了中华双腔吸虫和矛形双腔吸虫发育各期的主要特点,由此将长期来一直被混淆在矛形双腔吸虫中的这一重要虫种分别出来。 阐述了山西安泽中华双腔吸虫病流行区病原在自然界散布情况,包括羊只感染成虫状况及病原幼虫期在第二阶段的两个中间宿主(蜗牛和蚂蚁)感染情况

牛羊肝脏中华双腔吸虫的生物学研究

寄生在牛羊及人体肝脏胆管的双腔吸虫广泛地分布于南北美洲、欧洲、非洲及亚洲。在我国主要分布在温带草原、温带荒漠草原中的森林草原、青藏高原、暖温带的黄土高原及亚热带云贵高原等地区(见图1)。各地牛羊受感染严重,感染率常在70％以上,百分之百受感染的牛羊群亦不罕见。每只患畜感染强度可达千余条虫至万余条甚至拾几万条。各流行区每年牲畜因此吸虫病死亡可达5—10％,对畜牧业生产危害很大。本吸虫病

Relation between soil salinity in intertidal zone and electric conductivity

以5∶1的水土质量比浸提潮间带土壤,质量法测定的土壤盐度(质量分数),与电导法测定的稀释了5倍的土壤浸提液(5∶1水土质量比)的电导率值之间有极显著的相关性。质量法实测的土壤盐度与电导率计算的土壤盐度之间的相对误差多在5%以下。因此,用电导法测定潮间带土壤盐度不失为一种简便、快速的方法,尤其是样品数较多时更可节约时间。 【英文摘要】 There was significantly correlation between soil salinity in intertidal zone obtained by mass method (the ratio of mass of water to soil is 5∶1) and electric conductivity of extracting solution diluted five times by electric conductivity method The relative errors were almost below 5% between soil salinity measured by the mass method and the ones calculated by electric conductivity. So, electric conductivity method is a simple and rapid method for measurement of soil salinity in intertidal zone after defini...国家自然科学基金项目(30270272

Effect of salinity on microbial densities of soil in the dilution plate technique applied in mangrove areas

作者简介:张瑜斌(1970～) ,男,湖南郴州人,博士,副教授,主要从事海洋微生物学与海洋生态学研究. E2mail: zhangyb@gdou. edu. cn 通讯作者Corresponding author. E2mail: linpeng@jingxian. xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]在使用稀释平板法分离潮间带红树林及其对照光滩土壤微生物以及计数时,多数情况下使用陈海水制作培养基和稀释水,很少考虑培养基和稀释水的盐度对最终计数结果的影响。使用稀释平板法研究了盐度对福建九龙江口红树林区与深圳福田红树林保护区土壤微生物平板计数的影响,结果表明培养基与稀释水盐度对微生物数量有明显的影响。统计分析显示细菌的海水稀释效果优于淡水,而放线菌与真菌则刚好相反(P<0.05,一个例外)。海水不适合配制红树林区土壤微生物平板计数的培养基,从0~35,高盐度的平板培养基会降低微生物的数量,尤其是放线菌的数量,尽管培养基的盐度对真菌影响无规律,但细菌数量在低盐度时比在高盐度和不加氯化钠时要多。根据盐度效应,提出了稀释平板技术应用于潮间带的红树林及其相应光滩时的优化方法,认为细菌应该用海水作无菌稀释水,而放线菌和真菌则应用淡水作稀释水;包括光滩在内的红树林区土壤微生物分离与计数的培养基宜控制较低盐度范围。[英文文摘]When the soilmicrobial densities are determined in mangroves and correspondingmudflat at the same tidal level by the dilution p late method, the agarmedia and dilution water are generallymade up of aged seawater in most cases, and effects of salinity in agar media and dilution water on the enumeration of microbes is seldom taken into consideration. The effects of salinity on soil microbial counting from the samples in mangrove areas in Jiulongjiang Estuary of Fujian, and Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen, China, were tested by dilution p late technique. The results showed that the soil microbial densities in mangroves and mudflat were significantly influenced by the salinity of dilution water and agarmedia. For the bacteria, the seawater served as sterilized dilution water was significantly ( P < 0. 05) more benefic to the enumeration on the p lates than the freshwater, but in reverse for the actinomycetes and fungi. The increasing salinity of media within 35 significantly decreased microbial colonies on the p lates, especially for the actinomycetes, in sp ite of the fact that the effect of salinity ofmedia on fungal numberswas not indefinite. The bacterial colonieswere more abundant on the agar p lates with low salinity than with high salinity or without any NaCl. It was p roposed that some methodological imp rovements were needed when the dilution p late technique was app lied to microbial counting in the samp les of mangrove forest and mudflat at the same tidal level in inter2tidal zone. The sterilized dilution water should be p repared with seawater for the bacteria, but with freshwater or low saline water for the actinomycetes and fungi. The salinity of agarmedia should be low for the microbial isolation and enumeration of soil samples from the mangrove areas including mudflats.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270272