Research on Mangrove Canopy Apparent Spectral Reflectance Characteristics

结合使用野外便携式光谱仪对九龙江口红树林保护区白骨壤、秋茄、桐花树3种红树植物的叶冠表观光谱的测量结果,系统分析比较了红树植物叶冠反射光谱特征及其差异;并在一个潮间带底质遥感信息处理平台上对研究地点进行基于表观光谱特征的白骨壤和秋茄的SPOT卫星遥感图像分类;最后讨论了红树光谱研究中存在的问题。This article describes canopy apparent spectral reflectance of three mangrove species at Jiulong River estuary reserve using a portable hyperspectrometer,using the spectral data collected in fields to analyze mangrove canopy spectral reflectance characteristics and to compare their differences,the mangrove species distribution classified by using a tideland remote sensing information discrimination software based on SPOT satellite remote sensing images,and the disadvantage of mangrove spectral reflectance in higher research is discussed.国家自然科学基金项目(40276036);; 教育部博士点专项基金项目(2000038401)资

Present situation of alien plants invasion and its risk assessment system in Xiamen City.

通过对厦门地区外来物种入侵状况的实地调查,对已有文献资料的查阅和专家咨询,整理了厦门市已入侵或值得警惕的外来植物名录。并从气候、土壤、植被生态群落结构、地貌特征、人为和自然干扰状况以及港口交通贸易等方面分析了厦门市外来生物入侵现状的原因。结合前人在外来生物入侵的风险评价方面的研究成果,针对厦门市的外来植物入侵现状,构建了适应厦门地区外来植物入侵风险评价指标体系框架,该指标体系由“移居与建群的可能性”、“危害与影响”和“预防与控制”3大部分,共计6个一级指标,17个二级指标构成。Based on the field survey of alien plant invasion and the consultation of related literatures and specialists,a list of invaded and potential alien plants in Xiamen City was compiled,and the causes of alien plant invasion in this city were analyzed from the aspects of climate,soil,vegetation community structure,geographical characteristic,natural and anthropogenic disturbances,and transportation,etc. Based on the previous researches in bio-invasion risk assessment,and aiming at the present situation in Xiamen,a risk assessment system for alien plants invasion was established,which consisted of three parts,i.e.,probability of migration and establishment,hazard and impact,and prevention and control,and included 6 primary indexes and 17 secondary indexes.厦门市科技局科技项目(3502Z20022012);; 厦门市环境保护科研所资助项目

The Development of Application of Satellite Remote-Sensing in Mangrove Environment search

遥感技术是红树林生态监测中的关键技术。详细介绍了卫星遥感数据在红树林生态监测中的应用,叙述了人工目视解译、波段组合法、图像分类技术和模式分类等信息识别方法在探测红树林的生态学指标包括面积、分布范围、类内区分和类外区分以及动态变化等的应用和精度对比情况。此外,阐述了全球定位系统、地理信息系统和遥感技术在红树林生态监测中的综合应用的优势以及红树林遥感技术的发展前景。The remote sense is the key technique for the mangrove zoology monitoring.This article particularly presents the satellite remote-sensing data in the mangrove ecology monitoring.The discussion of the usage and accuracy of some methods including visual interpretation,wave band combination,image classification and model classification in the detection of area,scope,classification of inner and outer mangrove,dynamic change were made.Besides,the synthetical uses of GPS,GIS and RS,and the respective of mangrove remote sensing are recited also.国家自然科学基金项目(40276036);; 教育部博士点专项基金项目(2000038401

建立厦门地区外来生物入侵风险评价体系的思考

生物入侵(biological invasion)的定义是:某一生物借助自身力量或外界力量,从原来分布区域传入到其进化史上未曾分布过的地域,并能在新的区域里定殖繁衍,危害当地生态系统、生物多样性,造成经济损失甚至危害人类健康的过程。 从外来物种是否对当地造成危害的层面上,可以引出与之相关的两个重要概念:"外来种"与"入侵种"。"外来种"(alien species)是相对于本地种而言,指对某一区域或特定生态系统而言,不是该区

Allelopathic effects of exotic mangrove species Laguncularia racemosa on leaf ultrastructure of Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings

探讨外来速生红树植物拉关木(Laguncularia; racemosa)扩张过程中潜在的化感作用,为其入侵风险评估提供参考。通过室内栽培试验测定拉关木根、枝、叶、果的水浸液不同质量浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1)、0.5 g·mL~(-1))对我国乡土红树植物木榄(Bruguiera; gymnorhiza)幼苗叶片超微结构的影响。结果表明,在拉关木根、叶、果的水浸液低浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗的叶肉细胞内的叶绿体紧密排列在细胞壁周围,线粒体结构保持完好;而在拉关木枝的水浸液低浓度(0.1; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗叶肉细胞内的液泡轻微皱缩,出现轻微的质壁分离现象。拉关木枝、果水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄幼苗叶片叶肉细胞的叶绿体内的淀粉粒变多,变大,线粒体内部结构出现降解;拉关木根的水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,部分叶绿体结构受到破坏,但线粒体结构基本保持较好;而在拉关木叶的水浸液高浓度(0.5; g·mL~(-1))处理下,木榄叶片叶肉细胞的超微结构基本保持完好,表明拉关木叶水浸液对木榄幼苗的化感抑制作用弱。本研究中拉关木各器官高浓度(0; .5 g·mL~(-1))水浸液对木榄幼苗叶片超微结构的化感作用强弱顺序为:枝>果>根>叶。In order to provide a reference for the invasion risk assessment of; fast-growing alien mangrove species of Laguncularia racemosa,the aqueous; extracts of different concentrations(0.1 mg·L~(-1),0.5 mg·L~(-1)) of; roots,stems,leaves and fruits of L. racemosa were used to determine the; allelopathic effects on the leaf ultrastructure of seedlings of; Bruguiera gymnorhiza native species in China by indoor cultivation; experiment. The results of this study show that when subjected to the; concentration of 0.1 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L. racemosa roots; and fruits,the number of chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of B.; gymnorhiza seedlings increased and mitochondria were delimited by a; double mitochondria membrane,as well as showed clear cristae inside an; electrondense stroma;when subjected to the concentration of 0.1; mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts of L. racemosa stems,the vacuoles of the; mesophyll cells in the mesophyll cells of B. gymnorhiza were slightly; shrunk and a slight wall separation was observed. Whereas subjected to; the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L. racemosa; stems and fruits,the size and number of starch grains of chloroplast; were increased,and the mitochondria were deformed and seriously; degraded. When subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous; extracts from L. racemosa roots,some parts of chloroplast were; damaged,but the mitochondria structure basically remained intact;whereas; subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous extracts from L.; racemosa leaves,both the chloroplast and mitochondria in mesophyll cells; of B. gymnorhiza seedlings basically remained intact,which showed that; the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of L. racemosa leaves was; weak. When subjected to the concentration of 0.5 mg·L~(-1) aqueous; extracts from different organs of L. racemosa,the allelopathy intensity; order on the ultrastructure of leaves of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings was:; stem>fruit>root>leaves.国家自然科学基

引进外来物种的环境影响评价制度及其程序的研究

外来入侵物种是指在人类直接或间接引入下,转移到自然分布范围及扩散潜力之外,对当地生物多样性、人类健康和经济构成威胁或损害的物种、亚种、低级生物物质及其可能存活并繁殖的部分、配子或繁殖体

用持续发展的生态学观评价农业建设项目

“持续发展”是1992年在巴西召开的“联合国环境与发展大会”讨论的中心问题,它与生物多样性的保护、全球变化问题一起列为当代生态和环境科学的三大前沿领域。持续发展是人类未来生存和发展的重要前提,评价生态环境的优化程度和一些与生态环境有关的产业建设项目都应当用持续发展的生态学观作为评估准则

外来入侵植物猫爪藤概述

外来植物猫爪藤 ,早年曾作为观赏植物引入我国 ,目前已经被列为中国的外来入侵种。本文概述了国内外对猫爪藤的研究状况 ,简要介绍了猫爪藤的分类学特征和群落分布 ,论述了其生态特征和危害 ,指出了防治的困难及其可利用性。在南非 ,人工防治和化学防治的效果不大 ,因而引入吃叶片的龟甲科昆虫Charidotisau roguttata作为生物防治试剂。在澳大利亚 ,化学防治取得了一定的效果 ,但人们还是把目光转向生物防治。尽管人们对防治策略开展了不少研究 ,但是到现在为止 ,国外还没有任何一种清除猫爪藤的有效方法。猫爪藤在许多国家被作为民间药物。因此 ,应该全面深入地认识猫爪藤 ,采取防治和利用相结合的综合措施厦门市科技局重大课题《外来 (及有害 )植物种类对厦门生态安全危害的状况及防治措施研究》,项目编号 :3 5 0 2Z2 0 0 2 2 0 1

Toxicity comparison of extracts from six terrestrial plants to larvae of Balanus albicostatus

对夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)的红花夹竹桃(Nerium indicumMill.)和黄花夹竹桃(Thevetia peruvianaK.Schum.)、百合科(Liliaceae)的洋葱(Allium cepaL.)和大蒜(A.sativumL.)、楝科(Meliaceae)的苦楝(MeliaazedarachL.)和印楝(Azadirachta indicaA.Juss.)等6种陆生植物的不同溶剂提取物对白脊藤壶(BalanusalbicostatusPilsbry)无节幼体的毒杀作用进行了比较研究。结果表明,供试的楝科和夹竹桃科的4种植物提取物对白脊藤壶无节幼体的毒杀活性高于洋葱和大蒜;不同提取物的毒杀活性与植物的种类及提取部位(叶、花)以及活性成分的类型有关,用非极性有机溶剂提取的脂溶性提取物的毒杀活性高于极性溶剂提取物。处理12 h,0.3%印楝素乳油的乙酸乙酯及95%乙醇稀释液的毒杀活性最高,LC100仅为0.33和3.01 g.mL-1,可作为防治海洋污损生物的植物资源进行进一步的开发利用。The toxicity activities of different solvent extracts from six terrestrial plants including Nerium indicum Mill.and Thevetia peruviana K.Schum.belonging to Apocynaceae,Allium cepa L.and A.sativum L.belonging to Liliaceae,Melia azedarach L.and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.belonging to Meliaceae to larvae of Balanus albicostatus Pilsbry were examined.The results showed that the toxicity activities of different solvent extracts from the four species belonging to Meliaceae and Apocynaceae were higher than that of A.cepa and A.sativum.The toxicity activities of these extracts to larvae of B.albicostatus were related to plant species,sampling tissue(leaf or flower) and type of active constituents,and the toxicity of fat-soluble extracts with non-polar organic solvents was higher than that of polar solvent extracts.The toxicity activities of ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol diluents of 0.3% azadirachtin emulsion were the highest for treating 12 h and LC100 was only about 0.33 and 3.01 g·mL-1 respectively, therefore,0.3% azadirachtin emulsion can be further developed as the plant resources for antifouling.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40476040);; 厦门市海洋与渔业局专项基金(2006

Effects of Five Shampoos on Micronuclei in Erythrocytes of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

为探究低浓度污染物对环境和人类健康的危害,采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法研究了五种不同品牌、不同体积分数的洗发剂对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)红细胞微核的影响。结果显示,洗发剂所诱导的泥鳅红细胞微核率在品牌与体积分数上均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),而且与两者之间的交互作用有关(P<0.01)。试验表明目前常用的洗发剂大多具有致突变活性,尤其飘柔、舒蕾两种洗发剂致突变活性更强。To investigate the harm of the pollution at low concentration to the environment and human being,the effects of five shampoos on micronuclei in erythrocytes of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudantus were studied by using micronuclei and nuclear anomalies tests.The loach was exposed in various concentrations of shampoos of 5 brands for 3 d respectively.Smears of blood samples were prepared.The results showed that each shampoo in various concentrations could all significantly increase the frequency of micronuclei respectively.There was statistically significant difference among shampoos at brand and concentration.And the micronuclei increased significantly with the interaction between the concentration and brand for shampoo-exposed individuals.The test indicated that most shampoos,especially Rejoice and Slek,had mutagenic activity.国家自然科学基金(40476040);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0410006