The Study Of Production Regimes And Quality Parameters Of Extruded Feed Additive Based On Corn Seed And Substandard Egg Mass

On the base of practical studies were established the rational parameters of technological processes of production of extruded feed additive. There was determined an expedience of mixture of substandard chicken egg mass and the crushed corn seed in two stages in frame (during 18 s) and blade (during 120…180 s) mixers. There were determined the optimal regimes of mixture extruding: pressure in working zone of extruder 2…3 mPa, consumed force of electric motor 4,0…4,5 kW, temperature on outcome of extruder 110…120 ºС, duration of process 60…120 s, diameter of matrix port 10 mm.There were given the results of study of parameters of quality and nutritive value of extruded feed additive. It was established, that in the process of extruding the quality parameters of food additive are improved at the expense of dextrinization and gelatinization of starch, decrease of bacterial and fungal pollution, disinfection of product.There was proved a possibility to solve problem of utilization of defective eggs at feeding poultry

Oсобливості метафоризації у прозі A.Федя

Дослідивши вживання метафори в романі «Переддень доби Водолієвої», ми з›ясували, що вона необхідна для створення в читача образного ставлення до героїв, що призводить до глибшого та повного розуміння смислу тексту. А.Федь використовує метафори з метою апеляції до уяви читача та підкреслення основних ідей роману, ставить безліч проблем, які глибоко хвилюють самого письменника, серед яких – проблема відносин між людьми; окремої лю- дини із самим собою та навколишнім світом. Розв’язання цих проблем читач шукає безпосередньо в тексті. І в цьому не останню роль відіграють метафори, вони уможливлюють інтерпретацію тексту по-своєму. (Cultural studies scholars and fine art experts often analyze metaphors. In particular, they study metaphors in fiction. They regard metaphors as literary language phenomenon from the point of literary criticism and linguistics. They study etymological concept of metaphors and their connection to myths. It seems appropriate to consider the metaphor through the prism of cognitive linguistics. Cognitive theory is the study of mental information that is information stored in the mental lexicon in the brain that makes the basis of human consciousness. In modern linguistics there is a tendency to consider the word as a complex structure and a multi-layer complex. Metaphor as a mysterious artistic phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers from antiquity to the present day. Despite numerous scientific papers devoted to the metaphor, the aesthetics of the metaphorical space and its contents are still poorly understood. The language of literary works by writers of our native land Slovyanschyna is even less studied. Examining the use of metaphor in this work, we found that metaphor is really necessary to create descriptive attitude to the characters in reader’s imagination, which in turn leads to a deeper and more complete understanding of the meaning of the text. A.Fed uses metaphors in the novel with the aim of appealing to the reader’s imagination and enhance the main ideas of the novel, raises many issues that deeply concern the writer, among them – the problem of human relations; the individual approach to himself and the world around him. A reader is looking for solving these problems in the text. And this is not the last role played by metaphors. They make it possible to interpret the text differently.

КОМУНІКАТИВНІ ВПРАВИ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ІНШОМОВНОЇ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ

The article deals with the practical usage expediency of English language communicative exercises as a component of medical students’ professional competence. The essence of foreign language competence as a constituent of the professional culture of Health Care worker is ascertained. The formation of a medical student’s foreign language competence is an important concept of the professional education in higher educational medical establishments and is realized by mastering the features of language competence at its phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels of study. The attention is concentrated on the necessity of educational communicative exersices’ analysis as a core component of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The problems of special subject contents within the course of ESP, selection of teaching materials, development of students’ communicative component in the mastering of the English language skills are examined. The main components of the medical students’ lexical competence are described; science-based classification system of exercises for the formation of communicative competence is considered; the necessity of lexical mastering for proper opinion formation is emphasized. The examples of communicative lexical exercises for the implementation of professional speech activities of medical students in professional English classes are suggested. The practical usage of the communicative exercises develops speech skills and abilities for an opportunity to evaluate, express own opinions and promote self-development and self-actualization of medical students is clarified in this article.Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню доцільності використання англомовних комунікативних вправ як складової формування фахової компетентності у студентів медичних ВНЗ. З’ясовано суть іншомовної компетенції, що є важливим концептом професіограми майбутнього працівника охорони здоров’я. Наголошується, що формування іншомовної фахової компетентності студента-медика є невід’ємним аспектом професійно орієнтованого навчання у медичному ВНЗ і здійснюється шляхом опанування особливостей мовної компетенції на її фонетичному, лексичному та граматичному рівнях вивчення. Увага акцентується на необхідності аналізу навчальних лексичних завдань як фундаментальної основи курсу іноземної мови за професійним спрямуванням (ESP). Розглядаються питання змістового наповнення курсу ESP, відбору навчального лексичного матеріалу, розвитку комунікативного компонента в процесі оволодіння студентом іншомовними фаховими уміннями. Охарактеризовано основні складові лексичної компетенції студентів-медиків, розглянуто науково обґрунтовану класифікацію системи вправ для формування мовленнєвої компетенції; наголошено на необхідності засвоєння лексики для правильного оформлення висловлювання. Запропоновано зразки комунікативних лексичних вправ, які необхідні для здійснення фахової мовленнєвої діяльності студентів-медиків на заняттях англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням. З’ясовано, що використання комунікативних завдань на заняттях англійської мови за професійним спрямуванням розвиває мовленнєві навички та вміння, які надають можливість давати оцінку, висловлювати власну думку і сприяють саморозвитку та самоактуалізації студентів-медиків

Symptoms of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease and the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome Are Not Related in Sleep Disorders Center Patients

Background: Studies suggest obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) frequently manifests in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and that there may be a causal relationship. Aim: To determine the relationship between OSAS and symptoms of GERD. Methods: Consecutive patients referred to the Sleep Disorders Center (SDC) 18 years and older with polysomnographically defined OSAS were evaluated prospectively for GERD using a validated symptoms questionnaire. The GERD and OSAS relationship was assessed by 1) determining frequency of GERD in patients with and without OSAS; 2) ascertaining the relationship between OSAS severity categories and presence of GERD; 3) examining GERD score in relation to those factors that might affect both GERD and OSAS, e.g. obesity. Results: One thousand and twenty-three SDC patients met entry citeria. Amongst participants, GERD was common (29% of women and 17% of males) and OSAS extremely common (58% of women and 80% of males). GERD score did not correlate with OSAS variables. The severity of OSAS did not influence the prevalence of GERD. Conclusion: In a large group of patients referred to a sleep disorders center, there was no relationship between OSAS and GERD symptoms. Also, there was no relationship between the severity of OSAS and the likelihood of GERD symptoms

Relative concentration and structure of native defects in GaP

The native defects in the compound semiconductor GaP have been studied using a pseudopotential density functional theory method in order to determine their relative concentrations and the most stable charge states. The electronic and atomic structures are presented and the defect concentrations are estimated using calculated formation energies. Relaxation effects are taken into account fully and produce negative-U charge transfer levels for VP and PGa. The concentration of VGa is in good agreement with the results of positron annihilation experiments. The charge transfer levels presented compare qualitatively well with experiments where available. The effect of stoichiometry on the defect concentrations is also described and is shown to be considerable. The lowest formation energies are found for PGa +2 in p-type and VGa −3 in n-type GaP under P-rich conditions, and for GaP −2 in n-type GaP under Ga-rich conditions. Finally, the finite size errors arising from the use of supercells with periodic boundary conditions are examined

The total neutron cross section for natural carbon in the energy range 2 to 148 keV

Abstract. An experimental investigations of the total neutron cross section for natural carbon were done at Kyiv Research Reactor using neutron filtered beams with energies 2, 3.5, 12, 24, 55, 59, 133 and 148 keV. The intense neutron beams formed by composite neutron filters at reactor horizontal channels had the fluxes of about 10 6 -10 7 neutron/cm 2. s at the fixed neutron energies and this enabled to measure the neutron cross sections with accuracy better than 3%. Transmission method was used in these measurements. The results are presented together with the analysis of the known previous experimental data and the evaluated nuclear data from ENDF libraries

Insufficient Rest or Sleep and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Obesity in a National, Multiethnic Sample

BACKGROUND: A new question on insufficient rest/sleep was included in the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for the 50 states, District of Columbia, and three US territories. No previous study, however, has examined perceived insufficient rest/sleep in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes mellitus. We examined the association between self-reported insufficient rest/sleep and CVD, diabetes, and obesity in a contemporary sample of US adults. METHODS: Multiethnic, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey (2008 BRFSS) participants were >20 years of age (n=372, 144, 50% women). Self-reported insufficient rest/sleep in the previous month was categorized into four groups: zero, 1-13, 14-29, and 30 days. There were five outcomes: 1) any CVD, 2) coronary heart disease (CHD), 3) stroke, 4) diabetes mellitus, and 5) obesity (body mass index≥30 kg/m2). We employed multivariable logistic regression to calculate odds ratio (OR), (95% confidence interval (CI), of increasing categories of insufficient rest/sleep, taking zero days of insufficient rest/sleep as the referent category. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Insufficient rest/sleep was found to be associated with 1) any CVD, 2) CHD, 3) stroke, 4) diabetes mellitus, and 5) obesity, in separate analyses. Compared to those reporting zero days of insufficient sleep (referent), the OR (95% CI) associated with all 30 days of insufficient sleep was 1.67 (1.55-1.79) for any cardiovascular disease, 1.69(1.56-1.83) for CHD, 1.51(1.36-1.68) for stroke, 1.31(1.21-1.41) for diabetes, and 1.51 (1.43-1.59) for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: In a multiethnic sample of US adults, perceived insufficient rest/sleep was found to be independently associated with CHD, stroke, diabetes mellitus and obesity

Body weight, metabolism and clock genes

Biological rhythms are present in the lives of almost all organisms ranging from plants to more evolved creatures. These oscillations allow the anticipation of many physiological and behavioral mechanisms thus enabling coordination of rhythms in a timely manner, adaption to environmental changes and more efficient organization of the cellular processes responsible for survival of both the individual and the species. Many components of energy homeostasis exhibit circadian rhythms, which are regulated by central (suprachiasmatic nucleus) and peripheral (located in other tissues) circadian clocks. Adipocyte plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, the signaling of satiety and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Also, the adipocyte circadian clock is probably involved in the control of many of these functions. Thus, circadian clocks are implicated in the control of energy balance, feeding behavior and consequently in the regulation of body weight. In this regard, alterations in clock genes and rhythms can interfere with the complex mechanism of metabolic and hormonal anticipation, contributing to multifactorial diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The aim of this review was to define circadian clocks by describing their functioning and role in the whole body and in adipocyte metabolism, as well as their influence on body weight control and the development of obesity