Corrigendum

Evaluation of genetic diversity: Which of the varieties can be named ,Rebula' (Vitis vinifera L.)?Vitis 49 (4), 129-136 (2010

Evaluation of genetic diversity: Which o f the v arieties can be named 'Rebula' (Vitis vinifera L.)?

The variety 'Rebula' is an indigenous but also ancient variety in the Slovenian and Italian world-renowned winegrowing district Collio dating back to the ages of the Roman Empire. The DNA analyses of the variety ‘Rebula’ and its potential related varieties were conducted to evaluate its biodiversity. The variety 'Rebula' showed a very low similarity (16 %) with other analysed varieties, also with 'Rebula briška' and 'Rebula-old'. The varieties called 'Prosecco', 'Števerjana', 'Beli teran' and 'Briška Glera' revealed identical genotypes in all 11 SSR microsatellites analysed, therefore are regarded as synonyms. The varieties 'Rebula' and 'Ribolla gialla' revealed the identical SSR profile at 8 out of 9 SSR loci. 'Vitovska Grganja' share with 'Vitouska' only 55 % of analysed alleles but show their first degree relationship. The DNA analysis still showed existing deviations in synonyms and homonyms linked to the variety 'Rebula' what impedes its standardisation and revitalization.

Microsatellite genotyping of old Slovenian grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of the Primorje (coastal) winegrowing region

Thirty-three grapevine varieties from Slovenia were genotyped at 21 microsatellite loci in order accurately to identify varieties and to evaluate their synonyms and homonyms, including varieties cultivated in neighbouring countries. Among Slovenian varieties some previously assumed synonyms were confirmed and some new ones were discovered: ‘Poljšakica Drnovk’ = ‘Istrska Malvazija’, ‘Pikolit Italy’ = ‘Pikolit Vienna’, ‘Vitovska grganja’ = ‘Racuk’ and ‘Prosecco’ = ‘Glera’ = ‘Števerjana’. Types of Zelen (‘Zelen Pokov’, ‘Zelen 66’ and ‘Zelen 2.4’) were distinct at several microsatellite loci so can only be considered to be homonyms. Two ‘Picolit’ types were considered to be ‘true-to-type’ on the basis of comparison with ‘Picolit’ clones from Italy. Synonymy between ‘Heunisch’ and ‘Belina’ was not confirmed in our study, since ‘Belina Pleterje’ differentiated from ‘Heunisch weiss’ at 13 out of 19 loci. Comparison of ‘Vitovska grganja’ from Slovenia with ‘Vitouska’ from Italy also showed dissimilarities at the majority of the analysed loci.

Israeli germplasm: phenotyping and genotyping of native grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)

In this study 32 grapevine accessions from Israel were phenotyped according to O.I.V descriptors and phyllometry, furthermore genotyped with seven microsatellite loci for the first time for further clarification of their potential biodiversity and phylogenetic grapevine analysis. The results according to the SSR microsatellites suggest that the majority of the studied Israeli grapevine accessions, compared to the international reference varieties, show considerably different genotypes - nine accessions showed a unique (individual) genotype, further three accessions represented a first group, four accessions represent a second group and eight groups contained two different accessions. The significant differences among the studied grapevine accessions were observed also in most of the 17 phyllometric measurements of significant leaf characteristics, especially in the leaf area, vein length (L1, L2, L3 and L4), depth of lateral sinuses (OS, OI), petiol length (Lp) and vein angles (β, β’). The observed grapevine characteristics according to the O.I.V. descriptors suggested that more than three-quarters of the studied accessions showed characteristics of table grapes

Ampelographic characterisation of grapevine accessions denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Terrano' (Vitis vinifera L.) from Slovenia, Croatia and Italy

Grapevines denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Terrano have been cultivated in the area of western Slovenia, north-western Croatia and north-eastern Italy for centuries. Despite historical documents reporting the longstanding tradition of grapevine cultivation and winemaking, the denomination and origin of these varieties is still questionable. The aims of this work were to study the genetic identity and relationship of the grapevine accessions denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Teranno' that have been traditionally cultivated in Slovenia, Croatia and Italy. For this purpose, 9 SSR loci were analysed to fingerprint 53 accessions with denominations or similar true-to-type morphologies of 'Refošk' and 'Teran'. The grapevine variety 'Refošk' cultivated in Slovenia and most accessions denominated 'Teran' in Croatia showed identical genotypes in all analysed SSR markers, and can therefore be used as synonyms. Five accessions showed identical genotypes to 'Refosco dal peduncolo rosso' variety, however five other genotyped accessions suggested individual profiles, and can be characterized as clonal mutants of true-to-type 'Refošk'/'Teran'. Accessions 'Sladki Teran' and 'Ref5/31' shared 56 % and 61 % of the alleles with true-to-type profiles of 'Refošk'/'Teran' and their parentage analysis strongly suggested a full-siblings relationship. Obtained results contribute to the understanding of the genetic diversity of grapevine varieties cultivated in this part of Europe

Genetic clustering and parentage analysis of Western Balkan grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)

A total of 90 grapevine samples collected in five countries of the Western Balkan region were evaluated for trueness-to-type and kinship relations based on comparative analysis with 1,130 grapevine genotypes held at the INRA "Domaine de Vassal" French Grape Germplasm Repository, using 14 microsatellite markers. In the context of the comparative analysis, twenty-four synonyms/counterparts and the putative parents for twelve Balkan accessions were identified. We discovered five pairs of homonyms, subsequently confirming the identity or parentage of three of them. Some of the examined accessions were identified either on the basis of the genotypes found in the literature, or through parentage relationships revealed in this study. For the remaining fifty accessions we were unable to establish either their pedigree or to identify them on the basis of SSR profiles available elsewhere. Finally, the Balkan genotypes that were not well classified by synonymy or parentage analysis were further studied with a Principal Coordinate Analysis to reveal genetic clustering within larger datasets of genotypes. The graphical display of the individual and group distances showed that about forty accessions (85 %) are structured within a group of Balkan and Eastern Europe genotypes and only a minor proportion resulted in admixed population assignment

Data-driven sentence simplification: Survey and benchmark

Sentence Simplification (SS) aims to modify a sentence in order to make it easier to read and understand. In order to do so, several rewriting transformations can be performed such as replacement, reordering, and splitting. Executing these transformations while keeping sentences grammatical, preserving their main idea, and generating simpler output, is a challenging and still far from solved problem. In this article, we survey research on SS, focusing on approaches that attempt to learn how to simplify using corpora of aligned original-simplified sentence pairs in English, which is the dominant paradigm nowadays. We also include a benchmark of different approaches on common datasets so as to compare them and highlight their strengths and limitations. We expect that this survey will serve as a starting point for researchers interested in the task and help spark new ideas for future developments

Session 17 Ecophysiology

n/

Genetic characterization of autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Eastern Turkey by simple sequence repeats (SSRs)

In this research, two well-recognized standard grape cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, together with eight historical autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Eastern Anatolia in Turkey, were genetically characterized by using 12 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers in order to evaluate their genetic diversity and relatedness. All of the used SSR primers produced successful amplifications and revealed DNA polymorphisms, which were subsequently utilized to evaluate the genetic relatedness of the grapevine cultivars. Allele richness was implied by the identification of 69 alleles in 8 autochthonous cultivars with a mean value of 5.75 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were found to be 0.749 and 0.739, respectively. Taking into account the generated alleles, the highest number was recorded in VVC2C3 and VVS2 loci (nine and eight alleles per locus, respectively), whereas the lowest number was recorded in VrZAG83 (three alleles per locus). Two main clusters were produced by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram constructed on the basis of the SSR data. Only Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot cultivars were included in the first cluster. The second cluster involved the rest of the autochthonous cultivars. The results obtained during the study illustrated clearly that SSR markers have verified to be an effective tool for fingerprinting grapevine cultivars and carrying out grapevine biodiversity studies. The obtained data are also meaningful references for grapevine domestication