Höglind, M.

Jørgensen, M.

Østrem, Liv

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress Growth and Development in Cultivars of Phleum pratense and Lolium perenne during Winter Liv Østrem Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway M. Jørgensen Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway M. Höglind Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/2-1/43 The 21st International Grassland Congress / 8th International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 瞯 ]338　 瞯 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅰ 　Grasslands/Rangelands Resources and Ecology ——— Soil Quality and Plant NutritionGrowth and development in cultivars of Phleum pratense and Lolium perenne during winterL . 宝strem1 , M . J宝rgensen2 and M . H迸glind3Norwegian Institute f or A gricultural and Env ironmental Research ( Bio f orsk ) , 1 Fureneset , Hellev ik i Fj aler , Norway ,2 Holt , T roms矱 , Norway , 3 S 贝 rheim , K lep p , Norw ay . E‐mail : liv .ostrem＠ bio f orsk .noKey words : timothy , perennial ryegrass , grow th , biomass , carbohydratesIntroduction More variable winter climate with frequent fluctuations between frost and mild weather are expected in Norway( RegClim ２００５) . The aim of the study was to provide a detailed picture of grow th and development of contrasting cultivars( cvs .) of timothy ( Phleum p ratense L .) and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L .) during winter as part of a climate changestudy .Materials and methods Cultivars of timothy ( Engmo , Grindstad , Jauniai , S４８) and perennial ryegrass ( Riikka , Gunne , Veja ,S２３ ) , all of North European origin , were established on a coastal location ( Fureneset , ６１°N , ５ .０４°E , ３０ m a s l) in Norway .Plants were established in May ２００５ in １０１ black polyethylene bags filled with a fertilized sand‐peat mix ture , １０ seedlings perbag and placed in the field , and ２０ bags per m２ . Destructive sampling was performed on five occasions from ２０ October ２００５ to２１ April ２００６ for determination of above ground biomass , tiller density and leaf area , all dried at ６０ ℃ for ４８ h ( dw ) . Totalcarbohydrate content was analyzed according to Ashwell (１９５７) and LT５０ values were calculated from freezing tests ( H glindet al . , ２００６) .Results Distinct differences between ryegrass and timothy during winter were observed ( Figure １ ) . Lowest LT５０ values werefound in January for ryegrass (‐８ .６ ℃ ) and in March for timothy (‐１４ .２ ℃ ) . In April the observed LT５０ values were‐６ .５ ℃and‐８ .６ ℃ for ryegrass and timothy , respectively . The autumn was very wet , with frequent rain , giving the plants poorhardening conditions . Mid‐winter was mild prior to a cold period in late winter and spring ( Table １) .Figure 1 Above ground biomass , tiller density , lea f area andcarbohydrates during the period ２０ Oct . ２００５ to ２１ A p ril ２００６ .Table 1 Mean monthly temperatures ( ℃ ) andp recip itation (mm) f rom on‐location weatherstation .Month(２００５‐０６) Airtemp . Precip .May ８ Ё.３ １５４ pJune １１ 揪.３ １５８pJuly １５ 揪.３ １０１ pAugust １３ 揪.３ ２１８ pSept . １２ 揪.０ ４１１ pOct . １０ 揪.３ ２１０ pNov . ５ Ё.８ ４１８ pDec . ３ Ё.０ １８７ pJanuary ２ Ё.９ ２０１ pFebruary ２ Ё.８ １２９ pMarch ‐０ 抖.１ ５７ YApril ５ Ё.２ １６９ pConclusions A high above ground biomass and tiller production in ryegrass compared to timothy during the autumn levelled outtowards the spring due to a rapid loss of ryegrass tillers during winter . The reduction also caused a considerable reduction incarbohydrates per unit area in ryegrass . Timothy kept most of its above ground biomass with slightly increased carbohydratecontent , and achieved a higher level of frost tolerance .ReferencesAshwell , G . , １９５７ . Colorimetric analysis of sugars . Methods Enz ymol . ３ : ４６７‐４７１ .H迸glind , M . , J rgensen , M . , 矱strem , L . , ２００６ . Grow th and development of frost tolerance in eight contrasting cultivars oftimothy and perennial ryegrass during winter in Norway . Proceedings NJF seminar ３８４ Timothy productivity and foragequality‐possibilities and limitations , Akureyri , Iceland . AUI Publication No . １０ : ５０‐５３ .RegClim . ２００５ . Norges klima om １００ 狈r . Usikkerhet og 矱kt risiko . ( In Norwegian) . http :/ / regclim .met .nog pot 1 Above ground biomass(dw) 18 15 ----.- ryegrass---o-timothy 12 9 6 3 0 No. pot-1 Tillers density ;~lb§?:1:~ 20.10.05 061205 160106 070306 210406 cm2 pot-1 Leaf area 1800 1500 1200 900 600 300 0 Carbohydrates mg pot-1 2500~---------2000+-~---------1500 -1-----'+--------1000+---=..~-------,-----500 0~=::::"':s;;==:"'==::::__ 0 +-------~-~-20.10.05 06.12.05 16.01.06 07.0306 21.04.06 

Growth and Development in Cultivars of \u3cem\u3ePhleum pratense\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eLolium perenne\u3c/em\u3e during Winter

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2505&amp;context=igc

Growth and Development in Cultivars of \u3cem\u3ePhleum pratense\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eLolium perenne\u3c/em\u3e during Winter

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