ХУДОЖНЬО-ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЙНИЙ ДИСКУРС БАХІАНСТВА У ГЛОКАЛІЗОВАНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РЕЦЕПЦІЇ КЛАВІРНОЇ ТВОРЧОСТІ КОМПОЗИТОРА У ЛЬВОВІ)

The Purpose of the Article is to investigate the artistic and interpretive discourse of J.S. Bach’s clavier creativity, its reception in Lviv as an object of globalized cultural and artistic surroundings. The methodology of the research is based on the application of historical, musicological, artistic and critical, culturological and analytical approaches, which enabled to analyze the basic principles of the criteria of globalization, the intensity of global and local interactions and the speed of the global reactions on the example of reception and the spread of Bach’s creativity, to trace certain models of interpretation in the historical perspective, taking into account historically formed artistic priorities and tastes of Lviv residents. Such a methodology made it possible to accentuate the modern and postmodern stages of the globalization of cultural and spiritual processes in the projection into the interpretive discourse of Bach’s creation in a specific region. The scientific novelty consists in formulating the definition of artistic and interpretive discourse, in expanding the notions of the globalized and glocalizated socio and cultural surroundings, in the study of the performing discourse of the Bach’s clavier works in Lviv through the prism of its artistic and cultural traditions and achievements. Conclusions. The dominant views of the interactions between global and local are the active apperception of recognized world models of the interpretation of Bach’s clavier music in Lviv. Its artistic and interpretive discourse and traditions of reception are characterized by a symbiosis of external factors and internal conditions. The simultaneous existence of romantic, authentic performances, the performing of works by the German composer with jazz pianists enriches the rich palette the Bach’s Compendium in the glocalizated artistic and interpretive space of Lviv.Цель работы – исследовать художественно-интерпретационный дискурс клавирной творчества И.С. Баха, его рецепцию во Львове как объект глокализованого культурно-художественного пространства. Методология исследования основана на применении историко-музыковедческого, искусствоведческого, культурологического и аналитического подходов, что позволило проанализировать основные принципы критериев глокализации, интенсивность глобальных и локальных взаимодействий и скорость глокальных реакций на примере рецепции и распространения творчества И.С. Баха, проследить определенные модели интерпретации в исторической перспективе, с учетом собственных исторически сложившихся художественных приоритетов и вкусов львовян. Такая методология позволила акцентировать современный, постмодернистский этап глокализации культурно-духовных процессов в проекции на интерпретационный дискурс наследия И.С. Баха в конкретном регионе. Научная новизна заключается в формулировке дефиниции художественно-интерпретационного дискурса, в расширении представлений о соотношении глобализированной и глокализованной социокультурной среды, в исследовании исполнительского дискурса клавирного наследия И.С. Баха в Львове сквозь призму его художественно-культурных традиций и достижений. Выводы. Доминирующими видами взаимодействий между глобальным и локальным становится в Львове активная апперцепция признанных мировых моделей интерпретации клавирной музыки И.С. Баха. Ее художественно-интерпретационный дискурс и традиции рецепции отмечаются симбиозом внешних условий и внутренних факторов. Одновременное существование романтического, аутентичного исполнения, обработки произведений немецкого композитора джазовыми пианистами – эта богатая палитра обогащает баховский компендиум в глокализованном художественно-интерпретационном пространстве города Львова.Мета роботи – дослідити художньо- інтерпретаційний дискурс клавірної творчості Й.С. Баха, її рецепцію у місті Львові як об’єкт глокалізованого культурно-мистецького середовища. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні історично-музикознавчого, мистецтвознавчого, культурологічного та аналітичного підходів, що дало змогу проаналізувати основні засади критеріїв глокалізації, інтенсивність глобальних і локальних взаємодій та швидкість глокальних реакцій на прикладі рецепції та поширення творчості Й.С. Баха, простежити певні моделі інтерпретації в історичній перспективі, з урахуванням власних історично сформованих мистецьких пріоритетів та смаків львів’ян. Така методологія дала змогу акцентувати сучасний, постмодерний етап глокалізації культурно-духовних процесів в проекції на інтерпретаційний дискурс доробку Й.С. Баха в конкретному регіоні. Наукова новизна полягає у формулюванні дефініції художньо-інтерпретаційного дискурсу, в розширенні уявлень про співвідношення глобалізованого та глокалізованого соціокультурного середовища, в дослідженні виконавського дискурсу клавірного доробку Й.С. Баха у Львові крізь призму його мистецько-культурних традицій і надбань. Висновки. Домінуючими видами взаємодій між глобальним і локальним стає у Львові активна апперцепція визнаних світових моделей інтерпретації клавірної музики Й.С. Баха. Її художньо-інтерпретаційний дискурс і традиції рецепції відзначаються симбіозом зовнішніх факторів та внутрішніх чинників. Одночасне існування романтичного, автентичного виконань, обробки творів німецького композитора джазовими піаністами – ця багата палітра збагачує бахівський компендіум у глокалізованому художньо-інтерпретаційному просторі міста Львова

The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization

As complex systems, organizations exist far from equilibrium where the ongoing interaction of system components leads to emergent and self-organizing behavior. What, then, is the role of leadership in systems where change often emerges in unexpected ways? In this paper, we build on the work of Marion and Uhl-Bien who suggest that in complex systems leaders enable rather than control the future. While traditional views of leadership focus on the leader’s responsibility for determining and directing the future through heavy reliance on control mechanisms, we offer empirical support for a different view of leadership based on a complexity perspective of organizations. Our findings show that as enablers, leaders disrupt existing patterns of behavior, encourage novelty, and make sense of emerging events for others. The results of our qualitative study include a set of research propositions as well as a discussion of the implications for managers and researchers

Radical Change Accidentally: The Emergence and Amplification of Small Change

A decision to offer breakfast to homeless people led to radical change in a church and its environment. Existing theories of change do not fully explain observations from our qualitative study; however, complexity theory constructs suggest how and why such change emerged. We offer four key findings. First, the radical change was unintended, emergent, and slow. Second, destabilizing conditions helped small changes to emerge and become radical. Third, subsequent actions amplified an initial small change and, though not intended to do so, promoted radical change. Finally, the dynamic interaction of amplifying actions, contextual conditions, and small changes led to continuous radical change

Radical Change Accidentally: The Emergence and Amplification of Small Change

A decision to offer breakfast to homeless people led to radical change in a church and its environment. Existing theories of change do not fully explain observations from our qualitative study; however, complexity theory constructs suggest how and why such change emerged. We offer four key findings. First, the radical change was unintended, emergent, and slow. Second, destabilizing conditions helped small changes to emerge and become radical. Third, subsequent actions amplified an initial small change and, though not intended to do so, promoted radical change. Finally, the dynamic interaction of amplifying actions, contextual conditions, and small changes led to continuous radical change

Alternative approaches for studying shared and distributed leadership

Scholars hold different perspectives about leadership which are not limited to a formally appointed leader. Of the abundance of terms used to describe this phenomenon, shared and distributed are the most prevalent. These terms are often used interchangeably, resulting in confusion in the way that shared and distributed leadership is conceptualized and investigated. This paper provides a historical development of this field, challenges existing conceptions and reveals inconsistencies and contradictions that are seldom acknowledged. Four distinct approaches to the study of shared and distributed leadership are identified in the literature, each embracing different ontological views and leadership epistemologies. Individually, the four approaches offer valuable - yet partial - understanding. Comparing and contrasting the assumptions and insights from the four approaches raises fundamental issues about how we think about leadership in terms of research, practice and development

Unfavourable birth outcomes of the Roma women in the Czech Republic and the potential explanations: a population-based study

BACKGROUND: Data on the health status of the Roma people in Central and Eastern Europe are sparse and the reasons for their poor health are not clear. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in birth outcomes between Roma and non-Roma mothers in the Czech Republic and to investigate the potential causes of such differences. METHOD: A population-based study recruited 8938 non-Roma and 1388 Roma hospitalised singleton births that occurred in two Czech districts (Teplice and Prachatice) between 1995 and 2004. During their stay in hospital, mothers completed a questionnaire on their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and maternal smoking and alcohol consumption. Data on maternal height and weight and on infants' birth weight and gestational age were taken from hospital records. RESULTS: Birth weight and gestational age of Roma infants was 373 (SE 15) g and 0.92 (0.05) weeks, respectively, lower than in non-Roma infants. Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors reduced these differences to 133 (18) g and 0.57 (0.06) weeks, respectively (all p-values < 0.001). In terms of binary outcomes, the Roma vs. non-Roma odds ratios were 4.5 (95% CI 3.7–5.4) for low birth weight (< 2500 g), 2.8 (2.2–3.4) for preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation), and 2.9 (2.5–3.4) for intrauterine grown retardation (<10(th )percentile of birth weight for gestational age); controlling for all covariates reduced these odds ratios to 1.7 (1.3–2.2), 1.5 (1.1–2.0) and 1.3 (1.0–1.6), respectively. Maternal education made the largest contribution to the ethnic differences; the role of health behaviours was relatively modest. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences in birth outcomes between Roma and non-Roma mothers. The causes of these differences are complex but largely socioeconomic

Biomarkers of exposure and effect—interpretation in human risk assessment

The effect of exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto respirable air particles (PM2.5, diameter < 2.5 μm) on DNA adducts and chromosomal aberrations was repeatedly studied in Prague, Czech Republic, in groups of policemen working in the downtown area and in bus drivers. Personal exposure was evaluated using personal samplers during working shifts. DNA adducts were analyzed in lymphocytes by the 32P-postlabeling assay and chromosomal aberrations were analyzed by conventional cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The impact of environmental pollution on DNA adducts and chromosomal aberrations was studied in a total of 950 subjects. Our results suggest that the environmental exposure of nonsmokers to concentrations higher than 1 ng benzo[a]pyrene/m3 represents a risk of DNA damage, as indicated by an increase in DNA adducts and the genomic frequency of translocations determined by FISH

Managing formalization to increase global team effectiveness and meaningfulness of work in multinational organizations

Global teams may help to integrate across locations, and yet, with formalized rules and procedures, responsiveness to those locations’ effectiveness, and the team members’ experiences of work as meaningful may suffer. We employ a mixed-methods approach to understand how the level and content of formalization can be managed to resolve these tensions in multinationals. In a sample of global teams from a large mining and resources organization operating across 44 countries, interviews, observations, and a quantitative 2-wave survey revealed a great deal of variability between teams in how formalization processes were enacted. Only those formalization processes that promoted knowledge sharing were instrumental in improving team effectiveness. Implementing rules and procedures in the set-up of the teams and projects, rather than during interactions, and utilizing protocols to help establish the global team as a source of identity increased this knowledge sharing. Finally, we found members’ personal need for structure moderated the effect of team formalization on how meaningful individuals found their work within the team. These findings have significant implications for theory and practice in multinational organizations