La justicia positiva en el poder global

Est-il possible de mener à bien dans le monde globalisé des mesures économiques et sociales comme celles que l'État providence réalise à l'intérieur de son propre territoire? Pour répondre à cette question, nous allons analyser le modèle théorique que la philosophie politique réaliste a sur les rapports internationaux et nous verrons, par l'entremise d'Habermas, quelques idées sur l'adéquation de ce modèle au contexte de globalisation actuelle, ainsi que les solutions qu’il peut nous proposer sur le problème de la justice positive. Étant donné que nous les considérons insuffisantes, nous examinerons la démocratie cosmopolite comme une autre option possible, ainsi que quelques-unes des limitations montrées par Habermas à ce dernier modèle

Going beyond Quietness: Determining the Emotionally Restorative Effect of Acoustic Environments in Urban Open Public Spaces

The capacity of natural settings to promote psychological restoration has attracted increasing research attention, especially with regards to the visual dimension. However, there is a need to extend these studies to urban settings, such as squares, parks or gardens, due to the global trend towards urbanisation, and to integrate the dimension of sound into landscape. Such was the main aim of this study, in which 53 participants assessed four public spaces in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) as part of the CITI-SENSE Project (137 observations were used for analysis). A smartphone application was used to simultaneously collect objective and subjective data. The results show that at the end of the urban environmental experience, there was a statistically significant reduction in negative emotions and perceived stress, and a slight increase in positive emotions. Emotional restoration was mainly associated with prior emotional states, but also with global environmental comfort and acoustic comfort. The soundscape characteristics that contributed to greater emotional restoration and a reduction in perceived stress were pleasantness, calm, fun and naturalness. Therefore, in agreement with previous research, the findings of the present study indicate that besides contributing to the quietness of the urban environment, the urban soundscape can promote psychological restoration in users of these spaces.This research formed part of the CITI-SENSE project funded under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, grant agreement no 308524

Estado nutricional relacionado a caries dental en adolescentes de nivel secundario del colegio estatal mixto Gustavo Ríes, Trujillo - 2019

Determinar la relación entre estado nutricional y caries dental en adolescentes de nivel secundario del colegio estatal mixto Gustavo Ríes, Trujillo-2019. Metodología: El estudio fue prospectivo y observacional. Se evaluaron a 202 escolares de 12 a 17 años edad de 1°al 5° grado de nivel secundaria, 83 mujeres y 119 varones. Se utilizó el índice CPOD para evaluar la caries dental y el IMC (Índice de Masa Corporal) para evaluar el estado nutricional. Previo a la recolección de datos se realizó el entrenamiento interexaminador siendo Kappa de 0.862. Se empleó la correlación de Pearson, siendo el valor de P<0.055. Resultados: Se encontró un promedio de CPOD en mujeres de 6.1 con una DE de 3.58 y en hombres 5.9 con una DE de 2.93. En mujeres el estado nutricional que predominó fue normal el 71.1% y en menor porcentaje el 1.2% con delgadez severa. Y en varones 63% con peso normal, 3.4% delgadez severa. Se asociaron la caries dental y el estado nutricional donde el valor de P es 0.055. Conclusiones: No existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre estado nutricional y caries dental en adolescentes de nivel secundario del colegio estatal mixto Gustavo Ríes, Trujillo-2019.To determine the relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in adolescents at the secondary level of the Gustavo Ríes mixed state school, Trujillo-2019. METHODOLOGY: The study was prospective and observational. We evaluated 202 schoolchildren from 12 to 17 years old from 1st to 5th grade of secondary level, 83 women and 119 men. The CPOD index was used to assess dental caries and BMI (Body Mass Index) to assess nutritional status. Prior to the data collection, the inter-examiner training was carried out being Kappa of 0.862. Pearson's correlation was used, with the value of P <0.055. RESULTS: An average CPOD was found in women of 6.1 with a SD of 3.58 and in men 5.9 with a SD of 2.93. In women, the nutritional status that prevailed was 71.1% and 1.2% with severe thinness. And in men 63% with normal weight, 3.4% severe thinness. Dental caries and nutritional status were associated where the value of P is 0.055. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in adolescents at the secondary level of the mixed state school Gustavo Ríes, Trujillo-2019.Tesi

A New Radio Molecular Line Survey of Planetary Nebulae: HNC/HCN as a Diagnostic of Ultraviolet Irradiation

Certain planetary nebulae contain shells, filaments, or globules of cold gas and dust whose heating and chemistry are likely driven by UV and X-ray emission from their central stars and from wind-collision-generated shocks. We present the results of a survey of molecular line emission in the 88-236 GHz range from nine nearby (<1.5 kpc) planetary nebulae spanning a range of UV and X-ray luminosities, using the 30 m telescope of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique. Rotational transitions of thirteen molecules, including CO isotopologues and chemically important trace species, were observed and the results compared with and augmented by previous studies of molecular gas in PNe. Lines of the molecules HCO+, HNC, HCN, and CN, which were detected in most objects, represent new detections for five planetary nebulae in our study. Specifically, we present the first detections of 13CO (1-0, 2-1), HCO+, CN, HCN, and HNC in NGC 6445; HCO+ in BD+303639; 13CO (2-1), CN, HCN, and HNC in NGC 6853; and 13CO (2-1) and CN in NGC 6772. Flux ratios were analyzed to identify correlations between the central star and/or nebular UV and X-ray luminosities and the molecular chemistries of the nebulae. This analysis reveals a surprisingly robust dependence of the HNC/HCN line ratio on PN central star UV luminosity. There exists no such clear correlation between PN X-rays and various diagnostics of PN molecular chemistry. The correlation between HNC/HCN ratio and central star UV luminosity demonstrates the potential of molecular emission line studies of PNe for improving our understanding of the role that high-energy radiation plays in the heating and chemistry of photodissociation regions.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

The planetary nebula IC 4776 and its post-common-envelope binary central star

We present a detailed analysis of IC 4776, a planetary nebula displaying a morphology believed to be typical of central star binarity. The nebula is shown to comprise a compact hourglass-shaped central region and a pair of precessing jet-like structures. Time-resolved spectroscopy of its central star reveals periodic radial velocity variability consistent with a binary system. While the data are insufficient to accurately determine the parameters of the binary, the most likely solutions indicate that the secondary is probably a low-mass main sequence star. An empirical analysis of the chemical abundances in IC 4776 indicates that the common-envelope phase may have cut short the AGB evolution of the progenitor. Abundances calculated from recombination lines are found to be discrepant by a factor of approximately two relative to those calculated using collisionally excited lines, suggesting a possible correlation between low abundance discrepancy factors and intermediate-period post-common-envelope central stars and/or Wolf-Rayet central stars. The detection of a radial velocity variability associated with binarity in the central star of IC 4776 may be indicative of a significant population of (intermediate-period) post-common-envelope binary central stars which would be undetected by classic photometric monitoring techniques.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Modeling the physical and excitation conditions of the molecular envelope of NGC 7027

The link between the shaping of bipolar planetary nebulae and the mass ejection activity of their central stars is still poorly understood. Appropriately characterizing the evolution of the shells ejected during the late stages of evolution is vital to gain insight into the mechanism of nebular shaping. Herschel/HIFI provides an invaluable tool by opening a new window from which to probe warm molecular gas (~50-1000 K). We present a radiative-transfer, spatio-kinematic modeling of the molecular envelope of the young planetary nebula NGC 7027 in high- and low-J 12CO and 13CO transitions observed by Herschel/HIFI and IRAM 30-m, and discuss the structure and dynamics of the molecular envelope. We have developed a code which, used along with the existing SHAPE software, implements spatio-kinematic modeling with accurate non-LTE calculations of line excitation and radiative transfer in molecular species. We have used this code to build a relatively simple "russian doll" model of the molecular envelope of NGC 7027. The model nebula consists of four nested, mildly bipolar shells plus a pair of high-velocity blobs. The innermost shell is the thinnest and shows a significant jump in physical conditions (temperature, density, abundance and velocity) with respect to the adjacent shell. This is a clear indication of a shock front in the system. Each of the high-velocity blobs is divided into two sections with different physical conditions. The presence of H2O in NGC 7027, a C-rich nebula, is likely due to photo-induced chemistry from the hot central star. The computed molecular mass of the nebula is 1.3 Msun, compatible with estimates from previous works.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics on July 3rd, 201