Embracing Web 2.0: Archives and the Newest Generation of Web Applications

Recently archival professionals have undertaken projects to convert their physical collections to digital format and display the surrogates of these primary sources on their websites. Simultaneously, the Web is moving toward a shared environment that embraces collective intelligence and participation, which is often called Web 2.0. This paper investigates the extent to which Web 2.0 features have been integrated into archival digitization projects Although the use of Web 2.0 features is not widely discussed in the professional archival literature, this exploratory study of college and university repository web sites in the United States suggest that many archival professionals are embracing Web 2.0 to promote their digital content and redefine relationships with their patrons. Of 213 archival repositories examined, 85 hosted a digital collection, and of those, 38 employed at least one of the five types of Web 2.0 applications under consideration. The data suggests that the type of Web 2.0 application being employed is related to the type of content management system a repository is using to manage and display the digital collection. Based on eight interviews with staff responsible for the sites, motivation for implementation varied among respondents, but promoting and sharing content with current and future users stand out as the most common reasons

Characterization of Soil Stability to Withstand Erection of High-Rise Structure Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

In this paper, we used the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) technique to examine the suitability of the subsurface for its ability to withstand erection of a proposed high-rise structure in Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Nigeria. The Wenner array was used for the ERT survey, with the varying electrode separations of 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 8.0 m respectively, and the electrode increment of 5.0 m across the three (3) traverses that were established in the study area. The traverses were of distance 100 m each, with W-E orientation that would enable the subsurface imaging of the study area. The subsurface features experienced in the study area were topsoil/laterites, weathered layer, clayey zone, and bedrock. The inverse model along traverses 1 and 2 revealed that the clayey zones beneath these traverses are very thick, which showed that the study area was unsuitable for construction of high-rise building without the certified building engineers’ advice

Influence of monolayer, spheroid, and tumor growth conditions on chromosome 3 gene expression in tumorigenic epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Expression microarray analyses of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines may be exploited to elucidate genetic and epigenetic events important in this disease. A possible variable is the influence of growth conditions on discerning candidates. The present study examined the influence of growth conditions on the expression of chromosome 3 genes in the tumorigenic EOC cell lines, OV-90, TOV-21G and TOV-112D using Affymetrix GeneChip^®HG-U133A expression microarray analysis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Chromosome 3 gene expression profiles (n = 1147 probe sets, representing 735 genes) were extracted from U133A expression microarray analyses of the EOC cell lines OV-90, TOV-21G and TOV-112D that were grown as monolayers, spheroids or nude mouse xenografts and monolayers derived from these tumors. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to compare chromosome 3 transcriptome patterns of each growth condition. Differentially expressed genes were identified and characterized by two-way comparative analyses of fold-differences in gene expression between monolayer cultures and each of the other growth conditions, and between the maximum and minimum values of expression of all growth conditions for each EOC cell line.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An overall high degree of similarity (> 90%) in gene expression was observed when expression values of alternative growth conditions were compared within each EOC cell line group. Two-way comparative analysis of each EOC cell line grown in an alternative condition relative to the monolayer culture showed that overall less than 15% of probe sets exhibited at least a 3-fold difference in expression profile. Less than 23% of probe sets exhibited greater than 3-fold differences in gene expression in comparisons of the maximum and minimum value of expression of all growth conditions within each EOC cell line group. The majority of these differences were less than 5-fold. There were 17 genes in common which were differentially expressed in all EOC cell lines. However, the patterns of expression of these genes were not necessarily the same for each growth condition when one cell line was compared with another.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The various alternative <it>in vivo </it>and <it>in vitro </it>growth conditions of tumorigenic EOC cell lines appeared to modestly influence the global chromosome 3 transcriptome supporting the notion that the <it>in vitro </it>cell line models are a viable option for testing gene candidates.</p