Descriptive Approach to the Lexis Used by Young People in Weblogs

Young people use a variety of lexicon in their atypical written French language, which we can observe in the weblogs from skyrock.com. In this paper, we describe the variety of the vocabulary used. We classify the different kinds of lexicon, we explain how some words and phrases are built, with their specific mechanisms, and we especially analyse how young people use some words of their own.Notre communication a pour objectif de décrire la diversité des lexiques des jeunes dans les écrits atypiques observables dans les blogs tirés de la plateforme skyrock.com. Pour ce faire, nous classons les différentes sortes de lexiques, nous décrivons les mécanismes spécifiques de certains mots et expressions, et nous analysons particulièrement les usages de certains mots propres aux jeunes.Publication financée par la Faculté de Philologie de l’Université de Lodz

On the efficiency at maximum cooling power

The efficiency at maximum power (EMP) of heat engines operating as generators is one corner stone of finite-time thermodynamics, the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency $\eta_{\rm CA}$ being considered as a universal upper bound. Yet, no valid counterpart to $\eta_{\rm CA}$ has been derived for the efficiency at maximum cooling power (EMCP) for heat engines operating as refrigerators. In this Letter we analyse the reasons of the failure to obtain such a bound and we demonstrate that, despite the introduction of several optimisation criteria, the maximum cooling power condition should be considered as the genuine equivalent of maximum power condition in the finite-time thermodynamics frame. We then propose and discuss an analytic expression for the EMCP in the specific case of exoreversible refrigerators

SLIDES: The Here and Now of U.S. Nat Gas

Presenter: Michelle Michot Foss, Chief Energy Economist, Center for Energy Economics, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 12 slide

Stades de progression de la finitude verbale en FL2

A central concept in the grammaticalization process in the acquisition of French as a second language is the progressive command of verb morphology and its use to express tense, mood and aspect (Klein & Perdue, 1997; Véronique, 2009). The acquisition of finiteness – the production of inflected verbs which allows distinctions in person, number and later in tense, aspect, et cetera – plays a prominent part in the progressive development of verb morphology and was the subject of numerous studies (Prévost & White, 2000 ; Bartning & Schlyter, 2004). A central concept in the grammaticalization process in the acquisition of French as a second language is the progressive command of verb morphology and its use to express tense, mood and aspect (Klein & Perdue, 1997; Véronique, 2009). The acquisition of finiteness – the production of inflected verbs which allows distinctions in person, number and later in tense, aspect, et cetera – plays a prominent part in the progressive development of verb morphology and was the subject of numerous studies (Prévost & White, 2000 ; Bartning & Schlyter, 2004).Is the acquisition of finiteness identical for lexical and non-lexical verbs (auxiliaries)? Does the morphological class of a verb have an impact on the acquisition of finiteness? Does the development of the lexical richness (variety of used lexemes) influence the development of finiteness?Dans l’acquisition du français L2, la maîtrise progressive de la morphologie verbale et son utilisation pour exprimer le temps, le mode ou l’aspect représentent une dimension centrale du processus de « grammaticalisation » de la production d’apprenants (Klein & Perdue, 1997 ; Véronique, 2009). C’est aussi un aspect largement abordé dans l’enseignement de la langue. Dans l’appropriation progressive de la morphologie verbale, l’acquisition de la finitude (finiteness), c’est-à-dire le développement de formes verbales conjuguées permettant un contraste de personne, de nombre, et ensuite de temps, de mode, etc., occupe une place prépondérante et a fait l’objet de nombreuses études (cf. Prévost& White, 2000 ; Bartning & Schlyter, 2004).Notre article traite de l’influence des types de verbes sur l’acquisition de la finitude par des apprenants de FL2 en milieu institutionnel. Les analyses nous permettent d’analyser plus finement le processus d’appropriation de la finitude verbale en FL2 (cf. Bartning et Schlyter, 2004) et de répondre en particulier aux questions suivantes : L’acquisition de la finitude se déroule-t-elle de la même manière dans le cas des verbes lexicaux et non lexicaux ? La classe morphologique d’un verbe donné a-t-elle un impact sur l’acquisition de la finitude ? Le développement de la richesse lexicale (variété des lexèmes utilisés) a-t-elle une influence sur le développement de la finitude

SLIDES: The Here and Now of U.S. Nat Gas

Presenter: Michelle Michot Foss, Chief Energy Economist, Center for Energy Economics, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 12 slide

Gallant Creoles: A History of the Donaldsonville Canonniers

Study of a Little Known Louisiana Unit Gallant Creoles is an ambitious retelling of Civil War experiences of a Confederate artillery unit organized from a small Mississippi River town in south Louisiana. Using an abundance of archival letters, diaries, regimentals, newspapers, and...

Nesting Ecology of the Redhead Duck on Knudson Marsh, Utah

Redhead duck (Aythya americana) nesting and habitat change was studied in Knudson Marsh, Utah, in 1974 and 1975, and compared with earlier studies from 1950 and 1955 on the same marsh. Water conditions in 1975 were found to be similar to those in 1950, both years of favorable habitat, yet there was a decline in numbers of redheads from 500 pair s in 1950 to 50 pairs in 1975. The number of nests found also declined from 151 in 1950 to 49 in 1975. Water conditions were poor in 1955 and slightly more favorable in 1974, but there was a decline from 95 pairs and 49 nests in 1955 to 50 pairs and 23 nests in 1974. Success of active nests was greater in the present study than in 1950, but hatching success in successful nests was greater in 1950. No appreciable change in the vegetational composition of the marsh was detected between 1950 and the present study

The role of syntactic and lexical complexity in the development of verb morphology: subject-verb agreement in French as a second language.

Différentes études indiquent que l’accord sujet-verbe en nombre représente un important domaine de variation dans l’interlangue d’apprenants d’une langue seconde (L2) et que le développement graduel de celui-ci est particulièrement lent et long en français langue seconde (FL2) (e. a. Nadasi 2001 ; Bartning & Schlyter 2004 ; Howard 2006). Même les apprenants FL2 avancés produisent des formes de base courtes, c’est-à-dire des verbes conjugués à la 3ème personne du singulier, construits auprès d’un sujet pluriel (ex. ils *prend). La présente contribution a pour but d’évaluer l’impact de la complexité syntaxique et de la complexité lexicale sur le développement de l’accord sujet-verbe en nombre en FL2. S’inspirant d’hypothèses formulées dans Bartning (1998) et dans Howard (2013), elle permettra dans un premier temps d’analyser si la complexité syntaxique entrave en effet l’accord sujet-verbe en nombre en FL2, et si les propositions subordonnées contiennent donc plus fréquemment des formes de base que les propositions indépendantes/ principales. Le deuxième volet de l’étude évaluera l’éventuel impact de la complexité lexicale sur le développement de l’accord sujet-verbe en FL2. La richesse lexicale du système verbal des apprenants sera à cet effet mesurée et mise en rapport avec leur développement de l’accord sujet-verbe en nombre.Several studies state that subject-verb agreement represents an important area of variation in second language (SL) learners’ interlanguage and that its gradual development is very slow, particularly in French as a second language (FSL) (i.a. Nadasi 2001; Bartning & Schlyter 2004; Howard 2006). Even advanced FSL learners use short basic forms, i.e. verb forms devoid of 3rd person plural marking, but used with a plural subject (for example ils *prend). The present study examines the impact of syntactic and lexical complexity on the development of subject-verb agreement in FSL. Inspired by hypotheses put forward by Bartning (1998) and Howard (2013), we will determine in the first part of the study whether syntactic complexity indeed hinders subject-verb agreement and thus if subordinate clauses contain more frequently short basic forms than independent clauses do. The second part of the study will assess the possible impact of lexical complexity on subject-verb agreement in FSL. The lexical richness of the learners’ verbal system will be measured to that end and will be linked with their acquisition of subject-verb agreement

The approval of fireworks in France

International audienceSince 1972, CERCHAR has, in the civil sector, been responsible for the approval tests to which all explosive products in France must be submitted. This role of official laboratory has been assumed by INERIS since 01/01/91. This Institute has now taken over the main activities of CERCHAR. with its research teams and the installations in Verneuil. Its expertise extends to all major industrial hazards with the exception of those relating to nuclear power and transport. However, the transport of dangerous materials nevertheless constitutes an activity in which INERIS is increasingly involved