Are Campus Sexual Assault Tribunals Fair?: The Need for Judicial Review and Additional Due Process Protections in Light of New Case Law

The pervasiveness of sexual assault on college and university campuses and the schools’ failures to take sexual assault seriously have resulted in recent reforms to college campus disciplinary proceedings. The federal government has largely prompted this wave of reform through Title IX, requiring schools to employ particular policies and procedures for investigating and adjudicating sexual assault as a condition of receiving federal funds. Although the federal government’s mandates may be properly motivated, these reforms are criticized because they encourage schools to enact procedures that are heavily stacked against those accused of sexual assault. Consequently, students alleging that they have been wrongfully held responsible for sexual assault violations due to flawed disciplinary procedures have brought lawsuits against their schools. Recent case law demonstrates that some schools, in an attempt to comply with Title IX, have employed procedures that are fundamentally unfair to accused students. This Note considers the interests involved in campus investigatory and adjudicatory systems through an analysis of recent cases and the procedural flaws that have emerged. It further evaluates procedural protections that would strike a better balance between the interests of the accusers, the accused, and the schools. In conclusion, this Note argues that in light of the recent case law, more meaningful judicial review and additional due process protections are necessary for accused students

Ketamine Use for Prehospital Status Seizures that are Refractory to Benzodiazepines

In North America, epilepsy affects between 16 and 51 people 100,000, with the most affected being those with lower socioeconomic status1. Most ambulance services carry benzodiazepines, but what happens if administration of these drugs do not terminate seizure activity? The American Epilepsy Society concluded that 50% of patients do not respond to benzodiazepines if they have been stable and compliant on typical antiepileptic drugs and they experience a seizure7. A literature review was done looking at alternative treatment options for status seizures, specifically ketamine administration. Multiple case reviews, literature reviews and retrospective studies demonstrate the effectiveness of ketamine administration for terminating status epileptic seizures3,4,5,6,7, 10,11 . Ketamine is shown to be an effective agent for seizure termination but it\u27s lacking randomized clinical trials proving its objective effectiveness

A technique for converting NFA\u27s and DFA\u27s to regular expressions in Lex

In the design and creation of compilers, a compiler-writer is called upon to make assumptions and declarations about how their language\u27s syntax performs and behaves. Lex is a software tool used to create grammar rules. A flat file is read as input to lex, and the corresponding C code is output. However, in order to properly format the flat file, the compiler-writer creates the lex expression either on a hunch, or based on some given set of criteria. Among these criteria are: case sensitivity, the introduction of special characters and symbols, the handling of a space character, and the handling of escape sequence characters, namely the tab, new-line, and carriage return symbols. Lex can create the code to perform such verification, but it is up to the compiler-writer to provide lex with the rules. Sometimes the rules can be seen more easily diagrammatically through an NFA or a DFA. Once the FA is created, it is just a matter of extracting the rules from the diagram. The following technique can be employed to create lex rules from the Finite Automata

Levi-Civita Solutions Coupled with Electromagnetic Fields

The local and global properties of the Levi-Civita (LC) solutions coupled with an electromagnetic field are studied and some limits to the vacuum LC solutions are given. By doing such limits, the physical and geometrical interpretations of the free parameters involved in the solutions are made clear. Sources for both the LC vacuum solutions and the LC solutions coupled with an electromagnetic field are studied, and in particular it is found that all the LC vacuum solutions with $\sigma \ge 0$ can be produced by cylindrically symmetric thin shells that satisfy all the energy conditions, weak, dominant, and strong. When the electromagnetic field is present, the situation changes dramatically. In the case of a purely magnetic field, all the solutions with $\sigma \ge 1/\sqrt{8}$ or $\sigma \le - 1/\sqrt{8}$ can be produced by physically acceptable cylindrical thin shells, while in the case of a purely electric field, no such shells are found for any value of $\sigma$.Comment: Typed in Revtex, including two figure

Rotating Dilaton Solutions in 2+1 Dimensions

We report a three parameter family of solutions for dilaton gravity in 2+1 dimensions with finite mass and finite angular momentum. These solutions are obtained by a compactification of vacuum solutions in 3+1 dimensions with cylindrical symmetry. One class of solutions corresponds to conical singularities and the other leads to curvature singularities.Comment: Accepted to be published in Gen. Rel. Grav., added reference

O podcast como ferramenta para a inovação nos espaços universitários de comunicação

Este artículo hace referencia a un proyecto de investigación en el que, posterior a un análisis del estado del arte colombiano de la radio universitaria y sus dinámicas de difusión a través de Internet, se seleccionó el podcast como catalizador de formulación y construcción de un laboratorio (RadioLAB) para la elaboración de contenidos de audio digital y su divulgación en el interior del programa de Diseño Industrial de la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia (FUAC). En una fase de pre-test en un grupo de estudiantes y posterior a ejecutar un estímulo en un momento pos-test, se analiza la percepción de los mismos al implementar podcasts en sus hábitos de estudio; adicionalmente, se identifica la recepción de algunas de las principales directivas de la universidad incluyendo su rector, en cuanto a una posible construcción de un laboratorio de difusión donde tradicionalmente no se cuenta con canales de divulgación (broadcasting). Desde la academia, la implementación de formatos digitales sonoros ofrece grandes ventajas al contemplarse como herramientas de estudio y ser involucrados por docentes en sus clases (igualmente visto en investigaciones latinoamericanas), o simplemente como espacios de comunicación y participación extracurricular. En aproximación a este tema se implementó una metodología experimental y se involucraron estudiantes en una dinámica productores-consumidores (prosumidores). A las conclusiones de percepción se suman la puesta en marcha del laboratorio gracias a los agentes que lo permitieron, y una descripción de enlaces institucionales con los que se está fortaleciendo este nuevo espacio.This article refers to a research project that analyzes the Colombian state of the art in university radio and its Internet broadcast dynamics. The podcast was selected as an issue to develop a laboratory (RadioLAB) for the construction of digital audio contents and its broadcast within the Industrial Design Degree Program of the Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Colombia (FUAC, an institution where broadcast platforms does not exist). The study make emphasis on a pre-test phase in a group of students, a stimulus and a post-test that evidenced the perception of students by implementing podcast in their study habits; additionally the research group received some guidance for construction of a laboratory by some university directors. The implementation of sound digital formats offers great advantages as a study tools; this research invites teachers to involve this subject in their classrooms. The study approaches the podcast issue by an experimental methodology, where students were used as producers and consumers (prosumers). We add to the conclusions about stakeholder’s perception, the launch of the lab through agents who allowed to this construction, and a description of the link with some institutions that strengthens the RadioLAB.O presente artigo refere a um projeto de pesquisa no qual, após analisar o estado da arte na Colômbia no que diz respeito à rádio universitária e às suas dinâmicas de difusão pela Internet, apontou o podcast como catalizador para a formulação de um laboratório radial. O RadioLAB visa a construção de conteúdos de áudio digital, bem como a divulgação desses ao interior do curso de graduação em Design Industrial da Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Colombia (FUAC). Durante uma fase prévia ao teste com um grupo de estudantes e, após a momento pós-teste, analisa-se a percepção deles ao incluírem o podcast nos seus hábitos de estudo. Além disso, identifica-se a recepção de alguns diretivos da Universidade, inclusive seu reitor, enxergando a possível construção de um laboratório de difusão, diante da carência de canais de divulgação (broadcasting). Da academia, a implementação de formatos digitais sonoros oferece grandes vantagens, ao serem entendidos como ferramentas de estudo quando empregados pelos docentes nas suas aulas (fato salientado pela pesquisa, bem como em outras investigações latino-americanas). Esses formatos também aparecem como simples espaços de comunicação e participação alternativa às atividades curriculares. Para debruçar no tema, lançou-se mão de uma metodologia experimental, convidando estudantes para criar uma dinâmica produtores-consumidores (prosumidores). Às conclusões da percepção, seguem o início de atividades do laboratório, graças aos agentes que o viabilizaram, e uma descrição de vínculos institucionais que contribuem ao fortalecimento deste novo espaço

Higher Dimensional Cylindrical or Kasner Type Electrovacuum Solutions

We consider a D dimensional Kasner type diagonal spacetime where metric functions depend only on a single coordinate and electromagnetic field shares the symmetries of spacetime. These solutions can describe static cylindrical or cosmological Einstein-Maxwell vacuum spacetimes. We mainly focus on electrovacuum solutions and four different types of solutions are obtained in which one of them has no four dimensional counterpart. We also consider the properties of the general solution corresponding to the exterior field of a charged line mass and discuss its several properties. Although it resembles the same form with four dimensional one, there is a difference on the range of the solutions for fixed signs of the parameters. General magnetic field vacuum solution are also briefly discussed, which reduces to Bonnor-Melvin magnetic universe for a special choice of the parameters. The Kasner forms of the general solution are also presented for the cylindrical or cosmological cases.Comment: 16 pages, Revtex. Text and references are extended, Published versio

Influencer Impact on Brand Awareness: A Mixed Method Survey in the German Fashion Segment

This study evaluates the impact of influencer marketing on consumers. Although online influencers are long established in German B2C markets, research in the field is scarce. Marketing managers are unsure how influencer marketing strategies should be drafted and which influencers should be recruited in order to maximize their marketing efforts at the consumer level. Based on a review of previous theoretical and empirical literature, a mixed method empirical study comprising semistructured interviews with three German fashion influencers and a consumer survey (N = 385) among the followers of these influencers are conducted to evaluate the impact of influencer activity on consumer followership, brand awareness and purchase intention. Results indicate that the intensity of influencer network involvement, intrinsic influencer motivation, authenticity of communication style and the real-life character of influencer posts increase the dependent variables. Hence, the empirical study has contributed to identify the most important determiners for the German B2C fashion influencer segment. Marketing managers are strongly advised to select influencers adequately and organize their marketing strategy in correspondence with their company and products.O