Carlo Scarpa e il racconto di Castelvecchio

En una conferencia dictada en Madrid en verano de 1978, Scarpa, hablando de su propia arquitectura, llegó a decir: «Me gustaría que un crítico descubriese en mis trabajos ciertas intenciones que siempre he tenido. Es decir, una enorme voluntad de estar dentro de la tradición, pero sin hacer capiteles o columnas, porque ya no pueden hacerse». Y, en la misma ocasión, hablando de Castelvecchio: «Si quedan partes originales, deberían conservarse, pero cualquier otra intervención ha de ser diseñada y pensada de nuevo. No se puede afirmar: «Yo hago lo moderno —pongo acero y vidrio—»; puede que vaya mejor la madera, o sea más adecuada una cosa modesta. ¿Cómo puede uno afirmar ciertas cosas, si no se ha educado? ¿Educado, como dice Foscolo, «en las historias »,1 o sea, en base de vastos conocimientos? ¿Existe una educación en la materia del pasado?»In una conferenza tenuta a Madrid nell’estate del 1978, Scarpa, parlando della propria architettura, ebbe a dire: “ci terrei che un critico scoprisse nei miei lavori certe intenzioni che ho sempre avuto. Vale a dire, un’enorme volontà di essere dentro la tradizione, ma senza fare i capitelli o le colonne, perché non si possono più fare”. Enella stessa occasione, parlando di Castelvecchio: “Se vi sono delle parti originali, vanno conservate; qualunque altro intervento deve essere disegnato e pensato in maniera nuova. Non si può affermare: “Io faccio il moderno – metto acciaio e cristalli”; può andare meglio il legno, oppure essere più adatta una cosa modesta. Come si possono affermare certe cose, se non si è educati? Educati, come dice il Foscolo, “alle istorie”1, cioè ad una vasta conoscenza? Se non vi è una educazione al passato?”Peer Reviewe

Rebuilding the housing: city life after a disaster

The reconstruction after a disaster is not just a matter of architecture, but implies the rebuilding of housing, which means the cultural relations between inhabitants and their environment. This paper reflects, trough a real case study, on the theme of the house, focusing on the relationship between public space and private space, often evaded by planning. Urban design and urban Planning are not just a proposal for a new urban order, but for a social harmony. The urban planning of a new city implies a break with the traditional model of the house, not only in terms of housing types, but mainly because the use of public and semi-public spaces and the culture of housing. The inhabitants are often excluded from the official process of reconstruction. Nevertheless, the cityis redesigning itself, from day to day, adapting ancient uses to new spatial forms.Postprint (published version

GASTOF: Ultra-fast ToF forward detector for exclusive processes at the LHC

GASTOF (Gas Time-of-Flight) detector is a Cherenkov detector proposed for very precise (10--20 ps) arrival time measurements of forward protons at some 420 m from the central detectors of CMS and ATLAS. Such an excellent time resolution will allow by z-by-timing technique for precise measurement of the z-coordinate of the event vertex in exclusive production at the LHC, when two colliding protons are scattered at very small angles. In the paper we present first GASTOF prototype, simulations of its performance as well as first tests using a cosmic muon telescope.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, presented at the conference ''Physics at LHC'', Krakow, June 200

Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County: Mental Injuries and Workers\u27 Compensation Policy

Stratemeyer v. Lincoln County: Mental injuries and workers\u27 compensation polic

Forest Soil Respiration under Climate Changing

The respiration of forest soils and the major factors controlling its rate are fairly well understood. The process is of utmost significance because its balance with the fixation of CO2 in the biomass defines whether a particular site is a source or sink of atmospheric CO2. Currently, the measurement of soil respiration in the field requires rather expensive experimental installations. Nevertheless, there are still some caveats in our understanding, such as the separation of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration, the relevance of different groups of soil organisms, the effect of ecosystem disturbances in different types of forests on soil respiration with respect to magnitude and duration, the adaptation of soil respiration to changing site conditions, and the regional prediction of soil respiration, based on proxy data. Technical progress and additional contributions on process understanding will put us in the position of better predictions of the forest soil respiration. We encourage studies from all fields, including experimental studies, monitoring approaches and models, to contribute to this Special Issue in order to promote knowledge and adaptation strategies for the preservation, management, and future development of forest ecosystems

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FinalistaAward-winningPostprint (published version

Build Our Nation international project: an innovative educational model for systems thinking in design.

Ethical decision-making models grounded in ethical frameworks comprehend elements of systems thinking such as holistic language and value-guided systems. This paper proposes an innovative educational model for systems thinking in architectural design. Academic members, students, and future users work together as an international architectural design studio team to improve specific real-world living conditions. The model of Build Our Nation aims at reconsidering the whole design process by focusing on rethinking design and rethinking construction. In response to the current global crisis in designing and building, the paper argues that more than a responsible behaviour has become necessary. Starting from the educational stage an ethic of resilience should be pursued and that represents the core of the model proposed by Build Our Nation

Optical design study, testing and qualification of a Schwarzschild-Couder telescope for CTA and an assessment on the Intensity Interferometry capabilities with CTA

There is a growing common effort in the very high energy community towards the development of new research infrastructures to answer the fundamental questions of modern high-energy astrophysics and astroparticle physics. The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is an international project aiming to deploy two separate arrays to observe the whole VHE sky between E = 20 GeV up to E = 300 TeV in a long term plan of about 30 years of operations. CTA is designed to increase the sensitivity by a factor 10 at 1 TeV, to enlarge the detection area, the angular resolution and the field of view over the facilities operating today. The observatory will be characterized by high flexibility, enhanced monitoring and deep survey capabilities, short time scale and simultaneous observations in multiple fields. This PhD thesis addresses the optical design study and testing of dual mirror Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) for the incoming CTAO. All of the IACTs facilities currently operating rely on single mirror solutions, which are mostly parabolic or Davies-Cotton optical designs, however there is a novel interest in the development of dual mirror configurations following the Schwarzschild-Couder optical design. This peculiar design, based on two highly aspherical mirrors promises wide-field, aplanatic telescopes characterized by small f-numbers and more compact structures. Dual mirror solutions allow use smaller camera pixels (3-6 mm) based on Silicon Photo Multiplier technology in substitution of the larger Photo Multiplier Tubes (1 inch) currently in use. The increased complexity in terms of optics manufacturing, replication and alignment is motivated from the attractive new capabilities of such configuration. In this context the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), is developing a small sized telescope prototype for CTA, named ASTRI, which is based upon the Schwarzschild-Couder optical design. The present work deals with the challenging realization of this optical configuration that has never been applied to IACTs. After two introductory chapters on the gamma-ray astronomy and the ASTRI optical design and its main subsystems (chapters 1 and 2), the performances of this system are compared with those of the other common wide-field telescopes in use for Cherenkov observations and for other applications in astrophysics (chapter 3). This comparative study is based on a commercial ray tracing software into which the optical designs of the envisaged telescopes are reproduced. Subsequently in chapter 4, an extended study of the ASTRI capabilities in relation to the performance and environmental requirements issued by CTA is presented in a detailed analysis of compliance supported by ray tracing simulations, finite element analysis and tolerance studies. In chapter 5 the work on the qualification tests of the secondary mirror gives an insight into the complexity of the Schwarzschild-Couder optics. The realization of this optical element is challenging in relation to currently available technologies, in particular concerning the cost requirements imposed by the CTA project. These constraints and the large sagitta of the mirror (190 mm) requires the use of the hot slumping technique in substitution of the cold slumping and diamond milling approaches usually used in the manufacturing of mirrors for Cherenkov applications. The results of a careful and extended test campaign on a mirror prototype have indicated that this manufacturing technique can provide a reliable engineering process of production for such large, highly aspherical optics. With a perspective on the science with future large telescopes as those provided by CTA, an assessment study upon the potentialities of the Intensity Interferometry (II) technique is carried out in chapter 6. In particular, a new kind of observation based on II is explored; the method aims to estimate the direct distance of the celestial objects. The order of magnitudes of the problem parameters space and the sensitivity that CTA and other future large observatories should achieve is estimated by means of numerical simulations. A short-term concept of experiment to assess the reliability of this new method is also discussed in relation to a pilot measurement that could be pursued with the state of the art technology

Aplicação da eletrodiálise para remoção de ferro e manganês em água para abastecimento público : um estudo de caso na Represa Lomba do Sabão, Porto Alegre - RS

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo a avalição de um sistema de Eletrodiálise (ED) para a remoção de Ferro e Manganês da água da Represa Lomba do Sabão. O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a realização dos experimentos utilizaram-se amostras sintéticas e amostras reais. Realizaram-se os ensaios em um sistema de ED de bancada com cinco compartimentos. No desenvolvimento destes experimentos utilizaram-se soluções de sulfato de sódio no compartimento dos eletrodos e nos compartimentos dos concentrados. Para cada condição experimental determinou-se a densidade de corrente limite que seria utilizada. A amostra sintética foi preparada com padrões de Ferro e Manganês. A amostra real foi coletada na Represa Lomba do Sabão, situada em Porto Alegre, a uma profundidade de cinco metros. Para avaliar a eficiência da ED em remover estes metais, realizaram-se experimentos com três condições experimentais distintas, todos realizados em triplicata. No primeiro foi realizada a ED em amostra sintética. No segundo experimento foi tratada a amostra real. Para a realização do terceiro experimento, incluiu-se uma etapa de pré-tratamento da amostra real, aplicando cloreto de polialumínio (PAC) anterior à realização da ED. Durante os ensaios, foram realizadas análises de condutividade, pH e determinação de Ferro e Manganês. O estudo foi conduzido de forma a avaliar a remoção destes metais e o comportamento de ambos durante a realização da ED. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a combinação de ED e uma etapa de pré-tratamento, aumentam a eficiência do sistema quando comparado ao experimento com a amostra real. Ao avaliar a remoção dos metais obteve-se uma remoção de 89% para o Ferro e 98% para o Manganês.This dissertation aimed to evaluate an Electrodialysis (ED) system for the removal of Iron and Manganese from the water of the Lomba do Sabão Reservoir. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Corrosion, Protection and Recycling of Materials (LACOR) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. To carry out the experiments, synthetic samples and real samples were used. Tests are performed in a fivecompartment benchtop ED system. In the development of these experiments, sodium sulfate solutions were used in the electrode compartment and in the concentrate compartments. For each experimental condition, the threshold current density that would be used was determined. The synthetic sample was prepared with Iron and Manganese standards. A real sample was collected at the Lomba do Sabão Reservoir, located in Porto Alegre, at a depth of five meters. To evaluate the efficiency of ED in removing these metals, experiments were carried out with three different experimental conditions, all carried out in triplicate. The first ED was performed on a synthetic sample. In the second experiment, the real sample was treated. In order to carry out the third experiment, a pre-treatment step of the real sample was included, applying polyaluminum chloride (PAC) before performing the DE. During the tests, analyzes of conductivity, pH and irrigation of Iron and Manganese were analyzed. The study was treated in order to evaluate the removal of these metals and the behavior of both during the conclusion of the ED. The obtained results show that the combination of ED and a pre-treatment step increases the efficiency of the system when compared to the experiment with a real sample. When evaluating the removal of the metals obtained, a removal of 89% for Iron and 98% for Manganese was obtained

An efficient interpolation for calculation of the response of composite layered material and its implementation in MUSIC imaging

2 pagesInternational audienceThere is always the need to calculate the response of a layered composite material to a source that is not close to the domain of interest when dealing with the imaging of an anomaly that might be affecting such a background medium. If this medium is anisotropic, the availability of an efficient and accurate method to calculate this response becomes essential. A novel interpolation and integration method that is taking care of fast oscillating spectral response due to a source that is not close to the domain of interest is proposed herein. The implementation of such a technique to the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) imaging method is presented also