Dynamical Systems on Spectral Metric Spaces

Let (A,H,D) be a spectral triple, namely: A is a C*-algebra, H is a Hilbert space on which A acts and D is a selfadjoint operator with compact resolvent such that the set of elements of A having a bounded commutator with D is dense. A spectral metric space, the noncommutative analog of a complete metric space, is a spectral triple (A,H,D) with additional properties which guaranty that the Connes metric induces the weak*-topology on the state space of A. A *-automorphism respecting the metric defined a dynamical system. This article gives various answers to the question: is there a canonical spectral triple based upon the crossed product algebra AxZ, characterizing the metric properties of the dynamical system ? If $\alpha$ is the noncommutative analog of an isometry the answer is yes. Otherwise, the metric bundle construction of Connes and Moscovici is used to replace (A,$\alpha$) by an equivalent dynamical system acting isometrically. The difficulties relating to the non compactness of this new system are discussed. Applications, in number theory, in coding theory are given at the end

Noncommutative geometry on trees and buildings

We describe the construction of theta summable and finitely summable spectral triples associated to Mumford curves and some classes of higher dimensional buildings. The finitely summable case is constructed by considering the stabilization of the algebra of the dual graph of the special fiber of the Mumford curve and a variant of the Antonescu-Christensen spectral geometries for AF algebras. The information on the Schottky uniformization is encoded in the spectral geometry through the Patterson-Sullivan measure on the limit set. Some higher rank cases are obtained by adapting the construction for trees.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figures, contributed to a proceedings volum

A numerical treatment of block nuclear magnetic resonance flow equation

The time-dependent Bloch nuclear magnetic resonance flow equation in one dimensional space is investigated numerically. To investigate some physiological and biological properties of living tissues NMR plays pivotal role. In this paper, an applicable approach is used to solve the proposed equation with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. This method is a kind of regularization approaches based on the finite difference and mollification methods. The numerical algorithm is well supported with stability and convergence results and the numerical results for two test problems confirm the ability of the numerical method.Publisher's Versio

Holographic aberration correction: optimising the stiffness of an optical trap deep in the sample

We investigate the effects of 1st order spherical aberration and defocus upon the stiffness of an optical trap tens of μm into the sample. We control both these aberrations with a spatial light modulator. The key to maintain optimum trap stiffness over a range of depths is a specific non-trivial combination of defocus and axial objective position. This optimisation increases the trap stiffness by up to a factor of 3 and allows trapping of 1μm polystyrene beads up to 50μm deep in the sample.<p></p&gt

Influence of 1 Alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on T helper 17 cells and related cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Emerging data suggests that T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a pathogenic role in SLE and the increased number of these cells correlates with disease activity. In recent years, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VitD3) has been considered as an immunomodulatory factor. Objective: To investigate the effect of 1,25VitD3 on Th17 cells and on the expression of related cytokines in SLE patients. Method: Thirty SLE patients (newly diagnosed or in remission) were sampled for 10 ml whole blood to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. Isolated cells were cultured in the presence and absence of 50 nM 1,25VitD3. After incubation, cells were harvested and stimulated for 4-5 hours with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. IL-17 secreting cells were analyzed by flowcytometry. RNA was extracted from cultured cells, cDNA was synthesized, and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-β genes were assessed by real-time PCR. Results: The percentage of Th17 cells (CD3+CD8- IL-17+ T cells) decreased significantly in 1,25VitD3-treated cells (3.67 ± 2.43%) compared to untreated cells (4.65 ± 2.75%) (p=0.003). The expression of TGF-β up regulated (1.38-fold) and the expression of IL-6 (50%), IL-17 (27%) and IL-23 (64%) down regulated after 1,25VitD3 treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that 1,25VitD3 modulates Th17 related pathways in SLE patients and revealed the immunomodulatory effect of 1,25VitD3 on the Th17 mediated autoimmunity. © 2015, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Mycoprotein Production from Date Waste Using Fusarium venenatum in a Submerged Culture

Background and objective: Production of single cell protein has various outstanding advantages, e.g., it can be grown on waste and it is environmental friendly as it helps in upgrading agricultural wastes. In the present study, the influence of process parameters on the biomass formation (g l-1), protein production (% w w-1) and volumetric productivity (g l-1 h-1) of Fusarium venenatum IR372C was determined. Material and methods: The Vogel medium was used with glucose as the carbon source for pre culture cultivation and date sugar as the carbon source for production medium. In the first phase of the study, submerged fermentation was conducted in 500 ml flasks and a 3l stirred-tank bioreactor was exploited to conduct the submerged fermentation in the second phase. Plackett-Burman Design with eleven factors, i.e., date sugar concentration, NH4H2PO4, peptone, MgSO4, KH2PO4, temperature, time, shake rate, inoculate age, inoculate size, pH in two levels and Response Surface Methodology with three variables, i.e., date sugar concentration, time and inoculate size were employed to determine the fermentation condition by which the maximum biomass, protein and productivity were achieved. Results and conclusion: Based on obtained results, by using the selected levels of influencing process variables, a relatively high amount of total protein (ca. 4 g l-1, 65.3% in the first phase using flasks and 5.5 g l-1, 76% in the second phase by using the bioreactor, respectively) was achieved. The amino and fatty acid profiles of mycoprotein and its relatively high fiber content (6%) imply that mycoprotein could be incorporated in various types of foods as a functional ingredient. Conflict of interest All authors have declared that they don’t have any conflict of interest for publishing this research. &nbsp

Bioproduction of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Yogurt by Probiotic Bacteria

Conjugated linoleic acid as unique fatty acid of milk fat has beneficial properties including antioxidant‚ anticarcinogen‚ antidiabetic‚ antiblood pressure‚ stimulating the body immune system and reducing cholesterol. The aim of this study was assessing ability of some probiotics for biotransformation of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. Effect of process variables were investigated on production of conjugated linoleic acid in probiotic yogurt. An 8 run Plackett-Burman design was used to study the effect of 7 variables included: addition of supplements (whey powder‚ the amount of added grape seed oil), fermentation (temperature, pH, incubation time) and inoculum condition (age and size) on biomass and conjugated linoleic acid production in probiotic yogurt containing strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Propionibacterium freudenerchii grown in medium containing free linoleic acid. The highest amount of conjugated linoleic acid was obtained by addition of 8% w/v whey powder, addition of 4%v/v grape seed oil in pH=6.0, inoculation of 0.7%v/v Inoculum of 36 h age and fermentation at temperature of 35°C for 27 h. This research showed that at the optimized conditions‚ the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in probiotic yogurt was increased by 40% from an average of 8.01 mg/g fat in non-treated yogurt to 11.03 mg/g fat of probiotic yogurt containing grape seed oil

HUBUNGAN FEAR OF MISSING OUT DENGAN INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN SOSIAL MEDIA INTAGRAM PADA MAHASISWA FISIP UNPAS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fear of missing out (FoMO) dengan intensitas penggunaan media sosial Instagram pada mahasiswa FISIP UNPAS. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah terhadap hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara fear of missing out dengan intensitas penggunaan media sosial Instagram pada mahasiswa FISIP UNPAS. Subjek dalam penelitin ini berjumlah 50 orang yang merupakan mahasiswa aktif dengan rentang usia 18 – 24 tahun. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala fear of missing out sebanyak 8 aitem dan skala intensitas penggunaan 8 aitem. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis korelasi Pearson product moment yang menghasolkan koefisien sebesar 0,518 dengan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif yang signifikan antara Fear of missing out dengan intensitas penggunaan media sosial Instagram pada mahasiswa FISIP UNPAS, dimana semakin tinggi intensitas penggunaan Instagram aka semakin tinggi pula FoMO yang dimiliki individu, begitu juga sebaiknya. Kata Kunci : FoMO, Fear of Missing Out, Intensitas, Instagra

PENERAPAN METODE BENEFIT PRORATE CONSTANT PERCENT OF SALARY GUNA MENENTUKAN IURAN NORMAL THT

Tabungan Hari Tua (THT) sangat diperlukan oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil untuk menghadapi risiko yang akan terjadi saat sudah pensiun demi menunjang kesejahteraan hidup di hari tua. Dari program asuransi Tabungan Hari Tua peserta akan mendapatkan sejumlah manfaat THT yang dibayarkan pada saat peserta memasuki Batas Usia Pensiun (BPU). Tentu saja untuk memperoleh manfaat THT, peserta diwajibkan membayar Iuran Normal (NC) setiap bulannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengalisis dan menentukan besarnya Iuran Normal (NC) dan kewajiban aktuaria (AL) yang harus dibayarkan oleh peserta THT kepada PT Taspen. Perhitungan Iuran Normal dilakukan dengan Metode Benefit Prorate Constant Percent of Salary. Pada metode ini perhitungan nilai sekarang dari manfaat THT ditentukan berdasarkan gaji peserta progam THT mulai dari saat pertama kali masuk kerja hingga usia pensiun. Selain gaji, masa kerja juga dipertimbangkan dalam perhitungan kewajiban aktuaria THT tersebut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PT Taspen (Persero) KC Padang. Dari hasil analisis dan perhitungan yang dilakukan menggunakan metode Benefit Prorate Constant Percent of Salary, yang mempengaruhi besarnya Iuran Normal dan manfaat THT adalah besar gaji pokok peserta dan lama masa kerja. Dilihat dari faktor usia, semakin tua usia peserta program THT, maka besarnya Iuran Normal yang harus dibayar setiap tahunnya juga akan semakin besar