Neoplastic progression in Barrett's Oesophagus

In his article in 1950 'Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and oesophagitis' Norman Barrell described the occurrence of ulcers in the lower part of the oesophagus lined by columnar epithelium (I). He believed that these were gast?c ulcers developing within a tubular intrathoracic extension of the stomach in patients with 'congenitally short oesophagi. Earlier descriptions of peptic ulcers located in the oesophagus had been given by Tileston in 1906 and Lyall in 1937. In 1953 Allison and Johnstone first used the term 'Barrell's ulcers' to indicate the presence of an ulcer in oesophageal columnar epithelium. They emphasized that the organ lined by gastric mucous membrane was the oesophagus, since it had no peritoneum covering its musculature and had islands of squamous epithelium. Furt.herrnore, they believed that the condition was acquired due to the progress of oesophagitis rather than congenital. In 1957 Barrett admitted that the tubular structure he initially described was indeed the oesophagus and published further cases of the lesion classifying it under the title 'Lower oesophagus lined with columnar epithelium'. This columnar mucosal lining of the distal oesophagus is commonly referred to as Barrell's mucosa. Lortat-Jacob in 1957 described the same condition as endo-brachyoesophagus, which he defined as a short oesophagus whose sole criterion of shortness was its endocavitary, i.e. its mucosal appearance. Endo-brachyoesophagus as synonymous with Barrett's oesophagus is frequently used in the French, German and Swiss literature. Barrett's oesophagus is a condition in which a variable length of squamous epithelium in the distal oesophagu

The State of Utah v. Joseph C. Valdez : Brief of Appellee

APPEAL FROM THE THIRD CIRCUIT COURT IN AND FOR TOOELE COUNTY, THE HONORABLE EDWARD A. WATSON PRESIDIN

Enhanced Lightweight Design : First Results of the FP7 Project ENLIGHT

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. The European Green Vehicle project ENLIGHT aims to advance highly innovative lightweight material technologies for application in structural vehicle parts of future volume produced Electric Vehicles (EVs) along four axes: performance, manufacturability, cost effectiveness and lifecycle footprint. The main target is to develop viable and sustainable solutions for medium production volume up to 50.000 EVs destined to reach the market in the next 8-12 years. The specific objectives of the ENLIGHT project are on holistic and integrated conceptual design and manufacturing concerning how the technologies and materials addressed can be combined into a representative medium-volume EV. The solutions will be demonstrated in five modules: a front module and central floor module, a front door, a sub-frame and suspension system as well as a cross-car beam. In this paper, a summary of the major results obtained up to the 3rd project year will be presented. ispartof: pages:1031-1040 ispartof: Transportation Research Procedia vol:14 pages:1031-1040 ispartof: 6th Transport Research Arena TRA2016 location:Warsaw, Poland date:18 Apr - 21 Apr 2016 status: publishe