Effects of consuming compared with omitting breakfast on diet and physical activity in adolescent girls

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc by ResearchEpidemiological data has demonstrated that regular breakfast consumption is associated with favourable daily dietary intakes and reduced obesity risk in children and adolescents. There is also some evidence that regular breakfast consumers have higher levels of physical activity when compared with breakfast skippers. Therefore, it is of concern that breakfast skipping is particularly common among adolescent girls. However, the observational data on breakfast, diet and physical activity remains inconclusive and fails to infer causality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to experimentally examine the effects of consuming compared with omitting breakfast on diet and physical activity in adolescent girls. A sample of 33 girls (24 used in final analyses) aged 12-15 completed three, 3-day trials: habitual breakfast, no breakfast and high-energy breakfast. The participants’ dietary intakes were assessed using 3-day food diaries (and digital photography) and physical activity was measured with accelerometry. There was no main effect of trial on energy intake after breakfast (P=0.49), fruit and vegetable (P=0.21) and snack consumption (P=0.33). There was a significant main effect of breakfast condition on total daily energy intake (P=0.001) and on energy consumed from fat (P=0.001) and carbohydrate (P=0.001) when expressed as percentages of total daily energy intake. Daily energy intake was significantly higher in HEB compared with NB (P=0.001) and CON (P=0.002). Less energy from fat was consumed in HEB compared with CON (P=0.001) and NB (P=0.001), and more energy from carbohydrate was consumed in HEB compared with CON (P=0.001) and NB (P=0.001). There was no main effect of breakfast on time spent in sedentary (P=0.41), light (P=0.44), moderate (P=0.34) and vigorous (P=0.67) physical activity. Overweight and non-overweight adolescent girls did not compensate by consuming more energy or being less active for the remainder of the day when omitting compared with consuming breakfast consisting of ~475 kcal for three days

Effect of breakfast omission and consumption on energy intake and physical activity in adolescent girls: a randomised controlled trial

It is not known if breakfast consumption is an effective intervention for altering daily energy balance in adolescents when compared with breakfast omission. This study examined the acute effect of breakfast consumption and omission on free-living energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) in adolescent girls. Using an acute randomised crossover design, forty girls (age 13.3 ± 0.8 y, body mass index 21.5 ± 5.0 kg∙m-2) completed two, 3-day conditions in a randomised, counter-balanced order: no breakfast (NB) and standardised (~1962 kJ) breakfast (SB). Dietary intakes were assessed using food diaries combined with digital photographic records and PA was measured via accelerometry throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Post-breakfast EI was 483 ± 1309 kJ/d higher in NB vs. SB (P=0.025), but total daily EI was 1479 ± 1311 kJ/d higher in SB vs. NB (P<0.0005). Daily carbohydrate, fibre and protein intakes were higher in SB vs. NB (P<0.0005), whereas daily fat intake was not different (P=0.405). Effect sizes met the minimum important difference of ≥0.20 for all significant effects. Breakfast manipulation did not affect post-breakfast macronutrient intakes (P≥0.451) or time spent sedentary or in PA (P≥0.657). In this sample of adolescent girls, breakfast omission increased post-breakfast free-living EI, but total daily EI was greater when a standardised breakfast was consumed. We found no evidence that breakfast consumption induces compensatory changes in PA. Further experimental research is required to determine the effects of extended periods of breakfast manipulation in young people

Provocation in V. Shukshin’s Artistic Consciousness: Motives and Limits of Testing Meanings

This article analyzes Shukshin’s radical moral and artistic position as a writer and cinema director. The aim of the study is to describe the paradox of the provocative uniqueness of the artist, fighting for his right to speak in the name of the people. The challenge is addressed to the official ideology, esthetical norms, nationalists’ beliefs, and even to the people themselves as a sacramental invective question: “What is happening to us?” The definition of the challenge as a provocation is justified by correlating metaphoric discoveries and principles of communication and suggestion in Shukshin’s works with the theory of provocation and the history of the establishment of radical concepts and forms in art. The methods of analysis combine phenomenology (the content of artistic ideas) with the search for comparative and typological associations (Dostoevsky’s investigators). Analysis of the provocative part of Shukshin’s art unveils the characteristics of his way of thinking, psychology, conditions for self-determination, and principles of interaction with the public. The motives of the challenge are manifold – the protest against the norm and the dogma, the forced position of an “underground person” (“uncovered fighter”), and the loyalty to the truth. The most radical provocation is comparing Stepan Razin to Christ, and the historical role of the Cossacks’ chieftain to the Savior’s mission: “I came to give you freedom.” The writer was well aware of the chieftain’s cruelty, who caused the bloody uprising, but who showed such an example of tenacity, that by the power of his will he was able to turn the masses into the people and became the embodiment of the protest against despotism and servile psychology. In contrast to the idea-driven and esthetical provocation of his contemporaries, Shukshin in his solutions looks for the truth, appeals to the natural mind, strives for suggestion via compassion, and demands action. High provocations are separated from the actions of idea-driven manipulators (“Srezal” (Cutting Them Down to Size), “Vybirayu derevnyu na zhitelstvo” (A Village to Call Home), “Vechno nedovolniy Yakovlev” (Constantly Dissatisfied Yakovlev)). Charming weirdos are not God’s fools, their consciousness is deeply reflexive. Challenge is in the thought (“Zabuksoval” (Stuck in the Mud), “Veruyu!” (I believe!)), in the absurd search for the calling (“I Beg Your Pardon, Madam!”, “Gena Proydisvet”), and in ridiculing the pseudo intellectual art (“Pjedestal” (The Pedestal), “Do tretyikh petukhov” (Before the Third Rooster)). The answer came in the form of acrid deconstructions of conceptualists (V. Sorokin and D. A. Prigov). Shukshin’s provocations are genuinely heuristical, because his thinking is intellectually pure, free, and passionate.Рассматривается радикальная нравственная и художественная позиция В. Шукшина, писателя, кинорежиссёра. Цель – раскрыть парадокс вызывающей самобытности художника, отстаивающего право говорить от лица народа. Вызов обращён к официальной идеологии, нормам эстетики, вере «почвенников» и даже к самому народу, как сакраментальный вопрос-инвектива: «Что с нами происходит?» Определение вызова как провокации обосновано соотнесением образных открытий, принципов коммуникации и суггестии у В. Шукшина с теорией провокации и историей утверждения радикальных концепций и форм в искусстве. Методология анализа сочетает феноменологию (содержание творческих идей) с поиском сравнительно-типологических параллелей (испытатели Достоевского). Анализ провокационной составляющей творчества Шукшина раскрывает особенности мышления, психологии, условия самоопределения, принципы взаимодействия с публикой. Мотивы вызова многосложны – это протест против нормы и догмы, вынужденное положение «подпольного человека» («нерасшифрованного бойца»), верность правде. Самая радикальная провокация – уподобление Степана Разина Христу, исторической роли казачьего атамана – миссии Спасителя: «Я при- шёл дать вам волю». Писатель вполне сознавал жестокость вождя, который буквально спровоцировал кровавое восстание, но дал такой образец стойкости духа, что силой своей воли обратил массу в народ и стал олицетворением сопротивления деспотии и рабской психологии. В отличие от идейных и эстетических провокаций современников решения Шукшина ищут истину, апеллируют к природному разуму, добиваются суггестии через сопереживание, требуют поступка. Высокие провокации отделяются от действий идейных манипуляторов («Срезал», «Выбираю деревню на жительство», «Вечно недовольный Яковлев»). Обаятельные чудики – не юродивые, их сознание глубоко рефлексивно. Вызовом служат мысль («Забуксовал», «Верую!»), абсурдный поиск призвания («Миль пардон, мадам!», «Гена Пройдисвет»), осмеяние псевдоинтеллектуального искусства («Пьедестал», «До третьих петухов»). Ответом стали язвительные деконструкции концептуалистов (В. Сорокин, Д. А. Пригов). Провокации Шукшина подлинно эвристичны, поскольку его мышление интеллектуально честно, свободно и страстно

STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE MULTILAYER SETTLEMENT OF YAMGORT I IN THE SUBARCTIC ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

Objective: The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the natural and anthropogenic processes that took place on the territory of the Yamgort I settlement in the conditions of the North of Western Siberia. Methods and Materials: A study of the stratigraphic structure and geoarchaeology of the multilayer Yamgort I settlement located on the right bank of the Synya River in the northern part of Western Siberia is conducted. Results: It is established that humans lived on the territory of the settlement during the Eneolithic, the Late Bronze Age, and the Early Middle Ages. A consistent description of the geological horizons and cultural layers is given, and the genesis of the deposits composing the settlement is explored. Conclusion: The specificity of the structure comes from the alternation of different-age generations corresponding to the stages of change in natural conditions. Traces of stable soil formation are preserved in the places of formation of cultural layers. The identified soils of the settlement are a rare sample of northern subarctic paleo-urban soils that meet the criteria for inclusion of the object in the Red List of Soils of Russia

DEGENERATE DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH FRACTIONAL TIME DERIVATIVE

The existence of a unique strong solution for the Cauchy problem to semilinear nondegenerate fractional differential equation and for the generalized Showalter–Sidorov problem to semilinear fractional differential equation with degenerate operator at the Caputo derivative in Banach spaces is proved. These results are used for search of solution existence conditions for a class of optimal control problems to a system described by the degenerate semilinear fractional evolution equation. Abstract results are applied to the research of an optimal control problem solvability for the equations system of Kelvin–Voigt fractional viscoelastic fluids

Instructional design of foreign language blended courses

The article deals with different models of virtual environment integration in the educational process, including those in the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University. The paper focuses on the motivational reflective model of electronic course design for foreign language teaching purposes. The authors describe the specifics of the five stages / structural elements of the model, evaluate evidence from experimental research, and offer a time-plan for foreign language five-stages-courses in blended learning

A novel three-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization approach for the detection of t(7;12)(q36;p13) in acute myeloid leukaemia reveals new cryptic three way translocation t(7;12;16)

© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).The t(7;12)(q36;p13) translocation is a recurrent chromosome abnormality that involves the ETV6 gene on chromosome 12 and has been identified in 20–30% of infant patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The detection of t(7;12) rearrangements relies on the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) because this translocation is hardly visible by chromosome banding methods. Furthermore, a fusion transcript HLXB9-ETV6 is found in approximately 50% of t(7;12) cases, making the reverse transcription PCR approach not an ideal screening method. Considering the report of few cases of variant translocations harbouring a cryptic t(7;12) rearrangement, we believe that the actual incidence of this abnormality is higher than reported to date. The clinical outcome of t(7;12) patients is believed to be poor, therefore an early and accurate diagnosis is important in the clinical management and treatment. In this study, we have designed and tested a novel three-colour FISH approach that enabled us not only to confirm the presence of the t(7;12) in a number of patients studied previously, but also to identify a cryptic t(7;12) as part of a complex rearrangement. This new approach has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to be used in the diagnostic setting

Internet journalism in modern society: an overview of mechanisms for resisting media manipulation

At the current stage of the development of the information society, the influence of Internet journalism on the formation of public opinion (in particular, if we are talking about outright manipulation) is extremely noticeable. The purpose of the article is to analyze these influences in modern society in terms of the presence and use of media manipulation mechanisms and ways to counter them. The main research methods were general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special scientific (abstraction and concretization). Manifestations of the manipulative influence of Internet journalism on human consciousness are traced in the results. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to manipulation in the media. In particular, an analysis of fact-checking, legal methods of combating fakes was carried out, the peculiarities of protection against manipulation based on the verification of photo and video materials were investigated. The results also highlight the video verification algorithm. The conclusions summarize that critical thinking and acquisition of media competence and media literacy skills are a relevant way to resist manipulative influences on the Internet. Despite this, fact-checking and verification of photos and video materials that are distributed on the Internet are effective mechanisms for resisting manipulation

The Strategic Placement of Mobile Agents on a Hexagonal Graph using Game Theory.

This paper considers an application of Dynamic Game Theory with the goal of increasing the performance of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network in relation to increasing packet delivery ratio and reducing end-to-end delay by the strategic placement of drones. A multi-stage sequential game of two players, each with one drone is played out in a scenario depicted by a hexagonal graph, obstacles such as forests are also included. The algorithm for the game has been implemented in JavaScript and the results show that the best strategic locations of the placement of the drones can be established during the sequential moves of the players. Results also show that the Nash Equilibrium is achieved during play