Prevalence of the exposure to direct and indirect violence: a study with adolescents from public schools

A adolescência é considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual há maior vulnerabilidade para exposição à violência tanto Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument “Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community” were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.A adolescência é considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual há maior vulnerabilidade para exposição à violência tanto direta (ser a própria vítima), quanto indireta (ser testemunha ou ouvir falar). Este estudo investigou a exposição à violência direta e indireta (variáveis dependentes), assim como variáveis independentes associadas (sexo, faixa etária, reprovação escolar e configuração familiar), em 426 adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de Porto Alegre, no Brasil. Foi utilizada uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e o instrumento “Triagem da exposição de crianças à violência na comunidade”. Análises descritivas e inferenciais (testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis) indicaram que 65% dos participantes foram expostos a, pelo menos, um episódio de violência direta, enquanto 97% foram expostos à violência indireta; que ambas as exposições foram mais frequentes em adolescentes de 16 a 18 anos (p<0,001) e que apresentaram reprovação escolar (p<0,02). Destaca-se a necessidade de novos estudos que investiguem fatores associados à violência indireta e o impacto deste tipo de exposição no desenvolvimento, além de políticas públicas de prevenção e intervenção na área da violência infanto-juvenil.La adolescencia es considerada una etapa del ciclo vital en la que existe mayor vulnerabilidad a la exposición a violencia directa (ser víctima) e indirecta (ser testigo o escuchar acerca de actos violentos). En el presente estudio se investigó la exposición a la violencia directa e indirecta (variables dependientes) en relación con variables asociadas como sexo, edad, reprobación escolar y configuración familiar, en 426 adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años de edad, estudiantes de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el instrumento “Triagem da exposição de crianças à violência na comunidade” (Evaluación de la exposición de niños a la violencia en la comunidad). Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (test de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall Wallis), los cuales mostraron que 65% de los participantes estuvieron expuestos por lo menos una vez a un episodio de violencia directa, y 97% a violencia indirecta; ambas exposiciones fueron más frecuentes en adolescentes de 16 a 18 años (p < .001) que presentaban fracaso escolar (p < .002). Se destaca la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios en los que se investiguen factores asociados a la violencia indirecta y el impacto de este tipo de exposición en el desarrollo y en las políticas públicas de prevención e intervención en el área de la violencia infantil y juvenil

Significados Atribuídos à Escola: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura Nacional

This paper aims to understand the meanings that students, parents, and teachers, assigned to the school, through an integrative review of the last ten years of Brazilian literature (2007-2017). The search in the databases included material from BVS-Psi, SciELO, and PePSIC, using the following terms in both English and Portuguese: meaning AND school; perception AND school; “social representation” AND school. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 papers were selected. The meanings were classified into two categories: (a) Meanings that strengthen the bonds and (b) Meanings that weaken the bonds. Results indicate that the school is represented in several ways, and the research are predominantly conducted with students.Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender quais são os significados que alunos, pais e professores atribuem à escola, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira dos últimos dez anos (2007-2017). A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados BVS-Psi, SciELO e PePSIC a partir dos termos em inglês: meaning AND school; perception AND school; “social representation” AND school e em português. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 11 artigos. A análise foi categorizada a partir de duas categorias: (a) Significados que fortalecem os vínculos e (b) Significados que fragilizam os vínculos. Os resultados mostraram que a escola é representada de diversas formas, sendo a maior parte das pesquisas realizadas com os alunos

Exploring long-term youth unemployment in Europe using sequence analysis: a reproducible notebook approach

Youth unemployment is a factor influencing European policy. The effects of financial crisis of 2008 in youth unemployment were prominent and varied across European countries and regions. This notebook aims to identify key representative trajectories of youth unemployment by NUTS 2 regions in Europe from 2008 to 2018. Moreover, this notebook provides a self-contained research workflow that is fully reproducible and transparent, using a wide range of functionalities offered by computational notebooks. The results show that there is a divide between northern and southern regions. Northern regions follow stable low youth unemployment levels, while southern regions follow stable high youth unemployment levels. Finally, the results show that there are patterns of regional inequalities between major metropolitan areas and their adjacent regions.</jats:p

Percepções de adolescentes acerca da escola: relações entre as propostas das políticas públicas para o ensino profissionalizante e perspectivas de estudantes

This study aimed to analyze, through the perception by a group of adolescents, what the relationships and meanings attributed to proposals of public policies related professional school. Adolescents who were in the last semester of the two integrated high school in a school in the city of Santa Maria, RS technical courses were interviewed. Addition to individual interviews a sociodemographic questionnaire with a view to trace a brief profile of the students was applied. Content analysis were used to analyze the interviews. Overall, was possible to perceive that students' expectations towards school are variable and that the experience of schooling has different meanings for each.Key-words: adolescence, school, public policy, professional education.Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio da percepção de um grupo de adolescentes, quais as relações e significados atribuídos às propostas das políticas públicas relacionadas à escola profissionalizante. Foram entrevistados adolescentes que cursavam o último semestre de dois cursos técnicos integrados ao ensino médio de uma escola da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Além de entrevistas individuais foi aplicado um questionário sóciodemográfico, com vistas a traçar um breve perfil dos estudantes. Para análise das entrevistas foram utilizadas análises de conteúdo. No geral, foi possível perceber que as expectativas dos estudantes em relação à escola são variáveis e que a experiência de escolarização tem diferentes significados para cada um deles.Palavras-chave: adolescência, escola, políticas públicas, ensino profissionalizante

EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT ADOLESCENT DAUGHTERS

Introduction: Family is an important socialization environment for children, which has influence on adolescent behaviour, and may constitute a risk and/or protection factor on a child’s development. Objective: To describe the relationships between parenting practices and the occurrence of pregnancy in adolescents. Methods: Semi-estructured interviews were used with 11 adolescents (5 pregnant and 6 non-pregnant) who were 15 to 19 years old. The Inventário de Estilos Parentais (Parenting Styles Inventory; – PSI) was used to measure the maternal and paternal practices with adolescents. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The PSI was administered as proposed by the manual. Results: There were differences and similarities in the relationships of pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents with their parents. The relationship with the mother seemed to be more positive among young women who did not have a pregnancy experience. There was also more negative maternal child rearing practices among pregnant adolescents as compared to non-pregnant adolescents. However, the relationships with the fathers were similar between the two groups as the fathers’ educational practices were negative among both the young pregnant women and the non-pregnant women. Conclusions: Maternal educational practices, but not paternal, seem to be associated with the occurrence of adolescent pregnancy

Desempenho Escolar e Sintomas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse em Adolescentes

The objective of this study was to verify the correlation between school performance and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in 432 public school students aged from 15 to 18 years. The instruments used were a sociodemographic datasheet, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EDAE-A), and the grades in the courses/areas of interest of three school trimesters. Descriptive analyses, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation test, were conducted. A weak and negative correlation was found between school performance and anxiety and depression symptoms, with the adolescents from full-time schools presenting better performance and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety than those in regular schools. Younger adolescents presented more stress symptoms, while female adolescents have more depression and anxiety symptoms.El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la correlación entre rendimiento escolar y síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en 432 adolescentes de escuelas públicas, de edades entre 15 y 18 años. Participaron en el estudio Los adolescentes cumplimentaron una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés versión adolescentes (EDAE-A) y las notas en las asignaturas/áreas de los tres trimestres lectivos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, así como la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y la correlación de Spearman. Se encontró una correlación débil y negativa entre rendimiento escolar y síntomas de ansiedad y depresión; los adolescentes de escuelas de turno integral tuvieron mayor rendimiento y menores síntomas de depresión y ansiedad que de la escuela regular. Los adolescentes más jóvenes presentaron mayores síntomas de estrés y las adolescentes del sexo femenino poseyeron mayores síntomas de depresión y ansiedad.Objetivou-se verificar a correlação entre desempenho escolar, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em 432 estudantes de escolas públicas, de idades entre 15 e 18 anos. Os instrumentos foram uma ficha de dados sociodemográfica, a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EDAE-A) e as notas nas disciplinas/áreas dos três trimestres letivos. Análises descritivas, bem como teste U de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman foram realizadas. Verificou-se correção fraca e negativa entre desempenho escolar e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, tendo os adolescentes de escolas de turno integral, maior desempenho e menores sintomas de depressão e ansiedade que os da escola regular. Adolescentes mais novos apresentaram maiores sintomas de estresse e adolescentes do sexo feminino possuem maiores sintomas de depressão e ansiedade

Polymerisable surfactants for polymethacrylates using catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) combined with sulfur free-RAFT in emulsion polymerisation

Statistical copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate were synthesised via free radical catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) in emulsion to form a hydrophilic emulsifier/surfactant. The vinyl-terminated oligomers were in turn utilised as chain transfer agents, with no further purification, for the formation of diblock copolymers with butyl and methyl methacrylate which constitutes the emulsifier via sulfur-free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation (SF-RAFT). In turn these polymers were solubilized with various concentrations of ammonium hydroxide and utilised in the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of butyl methacrylate using persulfate initiators, which also stabilized the polymer particles with observed no coagulation, with solid contents as high as 40%

Predicting Bank License Revocation

The Central Bank of Russia has revoked 20% of all bank licenses since 2012. This project sought to determine a computational method for forecasting the probability of license revocation. To do this, we compared two classification algorithms, logistic regression and random forest. Using a Random Forest classifier produced higher F1 scores than logistic regression. We recommend that Deloitte continues the development of a random forest model by investigating clustering and additional features to improve the model’s performance